Mechanistic Study of Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Batteries beyond Lithium Ion by In-situ Transmission Electron Microscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaojun Guo ◽  
yousaf Muhammad ◽  
Ufra Naseer ◽  
Yiju Li ◽  
Zeeshan Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
Electrochemical Reactions ◽  
Transmission Electron

Understanding the fundamental mechanisms of advanced electrode materials at the atomic scale during the electrochemical process is condemnatory to develop the high-performance rechargeable batteries. The complex electrochemical reactions involved inside...

scholarly journals Atomic-Scale Monitoring of Electrode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries using In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (23) ◽  
pp. 1700709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongtong Shang ◽  
Yuren Wen ◽  
Dongdong Xiao ◽  
Lin Gu ◽  
Yong-Sheng Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Transmission Electron

scholarly journals Time-resolved in situ neutron diffraction studies of Li-ion battery materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C353-C353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
In Situ Neutron Diffraction

Lithium-ion batteries are ubiquitous in society, used in everything from children's toys to mobile electronic devices, providing portable power solutions. There is a continuous drive for the improvement of these batteries to meet the demands of higher power devices and uses. A large proportion of the function of lithium-ion batteries arises from the electrodes, and these are in turn mediated by the atomic-scale perturbations or changes in the crystal structure during an electrochemical process (e.g. battery use). Therefore, a method to both understand battery function and propose ideas to improve their performance is to probe the electrode crystal structure evolution in situ while an electrochemical process is occurring inside a battery. Our work has utilized the benefits of in situ neutron diffraction (e.g. sensitivity towards lithium) to literally track the time-resolved evolution of lithium in electrode materials used in lithium-ion batteries (see Figure 1). With this knowledge we have been able to directly relate electrochemical properties such as capacity and differences in charge/discharge behaviour of a battery to the content and distribution of lithium in the electrode crystal structure. This talk will showcase some of our in situ investigations of materials in lithium-ion batteries, such as LiCoO2, LiFePO4, Li1+yMn2O4, LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 and Li4Ti5O12/TiO2 electrodes. In addition, selected examples of our work using time-resolved in situ X-ray diffraction to probe other batteries types, such as primary lithium and secondary (rechargeable) sodium-ion batteries will be presented. Using time-resolved diffraction data, a comprehensive atomic-scale picture of battery functionality can be modelled and permutations can be made to the electrodes and electrochemical conditions to optimize battery performance. Therefore, crystallography and electrochemistry can mesh together to solve our energy needs.

scholarly journals Atomic-Scale Investigation of the Reversible alpha to omega-Phase Lithium Ion Charge – Discharge Characteristics of Electrodeposited Vanadium Pentoxide Nanobelts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haytham Hussein ◽  
Richard Beanland ◽  
Ana Sanchez ◽  
David Walker ◽  
Marc Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vanadium Pentoxide ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Alpha Phase ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reversible Formation ◽  
20 Nm

Using an electrochemical potential pulse methodology in a mixed solvent system, electrochemical deposition of amorphous vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) nanobelts is possible. Crystallisation of the material is achieved using in air annealing with the temperature of crystallisation identified using in-situ heating transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The resulting alpha-phase V2O5 nanobelts have typical thicknesses of 10-20 nm, widths and lengths in the range 5-37 nm (mean 9 nm) and 15 - 221 nm (mean 134 nm), respectively. One-cycle reversibility studies for lithium intercalation (discharge) and de-intercalation (discharge) reveal a maximum specific capacity associated with three lithium ions incorporated per unit cell, indicative of omega-Li3V2O5 formation. Aberration corrected scanning TEM confirm the formation of omega-Li3V2O5 across the entirety of a nanobelt during discharge and also the reversible formation of the alpha-V2O5 phase upon full charge. Preliminary second cycle studies reveal reformation of the omega-Li3V2O5, accompanied with a morphological change in the nanobelt dimensions. Achieving alpha-V2O5 to omega-Li3V2O5 phase reversibility is extremely challenging given the large structural rearrangements required. This phenomenon has only been seen before in a very limited number of studies also employing nanosized V2O5 materials and never before with electrodeposited nanocrystals.

scholarly journals Synergistic O2-/Li+ Dual Ion Transportation at Atomic Scale

Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Q. Meng ◽  
Q. H. Zhang ◽  
A. Gao ◽  
X. Z. Liu ◽  
J. N. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Host Lattice ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Ion Migration ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Oxygen Anions ◽  
Lithium Ion Conductors ◽  
Electrical Bias

The ion migration during electrochemical process is a fundamental scientific issue for phase transition behavior and of technical importance for various functional devices, where cations or anions are active under electrical bias. Usually only one type of functional ion, O2- or Li+, is activated due to their different migration energy barriers, cooperated by the valence change of other immobile ions in the host lattice matrix, e.g., Co2+/Co3+ and Mn3+/Mn4+ redox couples, owing to the charge neutralization. Here we select spinel Li4Ti5O12 as anode and construct an all-solid-state battery under a transmission electron microscope; a synergistic transportation of O2- and Li+ driven by an electrical bias was directly observed at the atomic scale. A small amount of oxygen anions was extracted firstly as a result of its lowest vacancy formation energy under 2.2 V, leading to the vertical displacement of oxygen. Up to 2.7 V, an ordered phase with both Li- and O- deficiency formed. The Li+ and O2- ions are simultaneously extracted out from the [LiO4] tetrahedra due to the electroneutrality principle. The migration paths of O and Li have been proposed and verified by first-principles calculations. These results reveal a brand new synergistic ion migration manner and may provide up-to-date insights on the transportation process of lithium ion conductors.

scholarly journals Synergistic O2-/Li+ Dual Ion Transportation at Atomic Scale

Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
F. Q. Meng ◽  
Q. H. Zhang ◽  
A. Gao ◽  
X. Z. Liu ◽  
J. N. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Host Lattice ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Ion Migration ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Oxygen Anions ◽  
Lithium Ion Conductors ◽  
Electrical Bias

The ion migration during electrochemical process is a fundamental scientific issue for phase transition behavior and of technical importance for various functional devices, where cations or anions are active under electrical bias. Usually only one type of functional ion, O2- or Li+, is activated due to their different migration energy barriers, cooperated by the valence change of other immobile ions in the host lattice matrix, e.g., Co2+/Co3+ and Mn3+/Mn4+ redox couples, owing to the charge neutralization. Here we select spinel Li4Ti5O12 as anode and construct an all-solid-state battery under a transmission electron microscope; a synergistic transportation of O2- and Li+ driven by an electrical bias was directly observed at the atomic scale. A small amount of oxygen anions was extracted firstly as a result of its lowest vacancy formation energy under 2.2 V, leading to the vertical displacement of oxygen. Up to 2.7 V, an ordered phase with both Li- and O- deficiency formed. The Li+ and O2- ions are simultaneously extracted out from the [LiO4] tetrahedra due to the electroneutrality principle. The migration paths of O and Li have been proposed and verified by first-principles calculations. These results reveal a brand new synergistic ion migration manner and may provide up-to-date insights on the transportation process of lithium ion conductors.

scholarly journals Real Time Observation of Lithium Insertion into Pre-Cycled Conversion-Type Materials

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 728
Author(s):  
Sooyeon Hwang ◽  
Dong Su
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Metallic Nickel ◽  
Lithium Insertion ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Time Observation ◽  
Real Time Observation

Conversion-type electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries experience significant structural changes during the first discharge–charge cycle, where a single particle is taken apart into a number of nanoparticles. This structural evolution may affect the following lithium insertion reactions; however, how lithiation occurs in pre-cycled electrode materials is elusive. In this work, in situ transmission electron microscopy was employed to see the lithium-induced structural and chemical evolutions in pre-cycled nickel oxide as a model system. The introduction of lithium ions induced the evolution of metallic nickel, with volume expansion as a result of a conversion reaction. After pre-cycling, the phase evolutions occurred in two separate areas almost at the same time. This is different from the first lithiation, where the phase change takes place successively, with a boundary dividing the reacted and unreacted areas. Structural changes were restricted at the areas having large amount of fluorine, implying the residuals from the decomposition of electrolytes may have hindered the electrochemical reactions. This work provides insights into phase and chemical evolutions in pre-cycled conversion-type materials, which govern electrochemical properties during operation.

Creation of micro and macro spaces by electrospinning and application to electrode materials of energy devices

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (27-28) ◽  
pp. 1423-1431
Author(s):  
K. Oshida ◽  
N. Kobayashi ◽  
K. Osawa ◽  
Y. Takizawa ◽  
T. Itaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Energy Devices ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Transmission Electron

ABSTRACTThis study aims to create controlled fine space by electrospinning, and to develop the electrode materials for high-performance energy devices. With the popularization of mobile devices, household appliances, hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, and the like, the use of power storage devices is expanding, and further performance improvements are required. In this study, a novel electrode material was developed by compositing Si with carbon nanofibers derived from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) by electrospinning and heat treatment. The texture and structure of the nanofibers were observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with image processing. Nano spaces were created in the CNFs and Si particles were able to be contained in the CNFs. In the second and subsequent cycles of the charge/discharge experiments of lithium ion battery (LIB) electrode made from the materials, the capacity was more than twice the theoretical capacity using graphite, and good cycle performance was obtained.

Porous CuO@C composite as high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (33) ◽  
pp. 11597-11604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Xu ◽  
Kainian Chu ◽  
Zhiqiang Li ◽  
Shikai Xu ◽  
Ge Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Anode Materials ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Carbon Matrix ◽  
Cuo Nanoparticles ◽  
Electrochemical Reactions

The in situ formation of a carbon matrix can confine the growth of CuO nanoparticles, which can provide more exposed active sites for electrochemical reactions.

In Situ Observation of the Electrochemical Lithiation of a Single SnO2 Nanowire Electrode

Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 330 (6010) ◽  
pp. 1515-1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Yu Huang ◽  
Li Zhong ◽  
Chong Min Wang ◽  
John P. Sullivan ◽  
Wu Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Front ◽  
Tin Dioxide ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Ionic Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Transmission Electron

We report the creation of a nanoscale electrochemical device inside a transmission electron microscope—consisting of a single tin dioxide (SnO2) nanowire anode, an ionic liquid electrolyte, and a bulk lithium cobalt dioxide (LiCoO2) cathode—and the in situ observation of the lithiation of the SnO2 nanowire during electrochemical charging. Upon charging, a reaction front propagated progressively along the nanowire, causing the nanowire to swell, elongate, and spiral. The reaction front is a “Medusa zone” containing a high density of mobile dislocations, which are continuously nucleated and absorbed at the moving front. This dislocation cloud indicates large in-plane misfit stresses and is a structural precursor to electrochemically driven solid-state amorphization. Because lithiation-induced volume expansion, plasticity, and pulverization of electrode materials are the major mechanical effects that plague the performance and lifetime of high-capacity anodes in lithium-ion batteries, our observations provide important mechanistic insight for the design of advanced batteries.

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