Transporter oligomerisation: roles in structure and function

Abstract Oligomerisation is a key feature of integral membrane transporters with roles in structure, function and stability. In this review, we cover some very recent advances in our understanding of how oligomerisation affects these key transporter features, with emphasis on a few groups of transporters, including the nucleobase ascorbate transporters, neurotransmitter sodium symporters and major facilitator superfamily members.

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Using cellular fitness to map the structure and function of a major facilitator superfamily effluxer

Molecular Systems Biology ◽

10.15252/msb.20177635 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 964 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anisha M Perez ◽

Marcella M Gomez ◽

Prashant Kalvapalle ◽

Erin O'Brien‐Gilbert ◽

Matthew R Bennett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structure And Function ◽

Major Facilitator Superfamily ◽

Major Facilitator ◽

And Function

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The ABCs of Candida albicans Multidrug Transporter Cdr1

Eukaryotic Cell ◽

10.1128/ec.00137-15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. 1154-1164 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Rajendra Prasad ◽

Atanu Banerjee ◽

Nitesh Kumar Khandelwal ◽

Sanjiveeni Dhamgaye

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Structure Function ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Membrane Transporters ◽

Major Facilitator Superfamily ◽

Multidrug Transporter ◽

Content Type ◽

Major Player ◽

Major Facilitator

ABSTRACTIn the light of multidrug resistance (MDR) among pathogenic microbes and cancer cells, membrane transporters have gained profound clinical significance. Chemotherapeutic failure, by far, has been attributed mainly to the robust and diverse array of these proteins, which are omnipresent in every stratum of the living world.Candida albicans, one of the major fungal pathogens affecting immunocompromised patients, also develops MDR during the course of chemotherapy. The pivotal membrane transporters thatC. albicanshas exploited as one of the strategies to develop MDR belongs to either the ATP binding cassette (ABC) or the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) class of proteins. The ABC transporterCandidadrug resistance 1 protein (Cdr1p) is a major player among these transporters that enables the pathogen to outplay the battery of antifungals encountered by it. The promiscuous Cdr1 protein fulfills the quintessential need of a model to study molecular mechanisms of multidrug transporter regulation and structure-function analyses of asymmetric ABC transporters. In this review, we cover the highlights of two decades of research on Cdr1p that has provided a platform to study its structure-function relationships and regulatory circuitry for a better understanding of MDR not only in yeast but also in other organisms.

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Structure, Function, and Tort Law

Journal of Tort Law ◽

10.1515/jtl-2020-2001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 31-79

Author(s):

Dan Priel

Keyword(s):

Structure Function ◽

Tort Law ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Vicarious Liability ◽

Causal Uncertainty ◽

Popular View ◽

And Function

AbstractA popular view among tort theorists is that an explanation of tort law must take account its “structure,” since this structure constitutes the law’s “self-understanding.” This view is used to both criticize competing functional accounts of tort law, especially economic ones, that are said to ignore tort law’s structure, and, more constructively, as a basis for explaining various tort doctrines. In this essay, I consider this argument closely and conclude that it is faulty. To be valid, one needs a non-question begging way of identifying the essence of tort law. I argue that law’s “self-understanding” can only make sense if it means the understanding of certain people. Examining those, I conclude that the claim of structuralists is false, for there are many people who take its function to be central. I then further show that if one wishes to understand the development of tort law’s doctrine one must take both structure and function into account. I demonstrate this claim by examining the development of the doctrine dealing with causal uncertainty and vicarious liability.

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