serum enzyme
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2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Rafailovska ◽  
Oliver Tushevski ◽  
Sonja Gadzovska-Simic ◽  
Suzana Dinevska-Kjovkarovska ◽  
Biljana Miova

Abstract Apart from currently available therapeutics for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, much attention has been paid to discover phytochemicals from natural resources, mainly due to their low side-effects. Hypericum perforatum hairy root (HR) transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4 represent prospective experimental system enriched in xanthones, known as potent antidiabetic agents. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate HR extracts for their potential antihyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, also compared to the effects of wild-growing Hyperici herba (HH). We conducted an acute-toxicity study, multiple dose study, and 24h blood glucose measurements after a single dose administration of HH and HR (200 mg/kg) in diabetic rats. Furthermore, we examined the effects of 14-days administration of HH and HR extracts on blood glucose levels, metabolic parameters, enzyme, and lipid status in healthy and diabetic rats. Both extracts produced a fall of about 70% in blood glucose level after 24h of administration. Two-week treatment with HH and HR induced a significant decrease (70-72%) in blood glucose levels. Moreover, we found an improvement of the dysregulated metabolic parameters (body weight, food, and water consumption and urine output). Serum enzyme (AST, ALT, and γ-GT) and lipid profile parameters (CHOL, TAG, and HDL) were also improved by both extracts. These findings might provide a new insight for managing diabetic hyperglycemia and dysregulated serum enzyme and lipid profile, using extracts from transgenic roots cultures from H. perforatum.


Author(s):  
Zafarullah Muhammad ◽  
Rabia Ramzan ◽  
Ruifen Zhang ◽  
Dong Zhao ◽  
Mehak Gul ◽  
...  

Lead (Pb) is a pestilent and relatively nonbiodegradable heavy metal, which causes severe health effects by inducing inflammation and oxidative stress in animal and human tissues. This is because of its significant tolerance and capability to bind Pb (430 mg/L) and thermodynamic fitness to sequester Pb in the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.98421) in vitro. Lactobacillus acidophilus KLDS1.1003 was selected for further in vivo study both in free and maize resistant starch (MRS)–based microencapsulated forms to assess its bioremediation aptitude against chronic Pb lethality using adult female BALB/c mice as a model animal. Orally administered free and microencapsulated KLDS 1.1003 provided significant protection by reducing Pb levels in the blood (127.92 ± 5.220 and 101.47 ± 4.142 µg/L), kidneys (19.86 ± 0.810 and 18.02 ± 0.735 µg/g), and liver (7.27 ± 0.296 and 6.42 ± 0.262 µg/g). MRS-microencapsulated KLDS 1.0344 improved the antioxidant index and inhibited changes in blood and serum enzyme concentrations and relieved the Pb-induced renal and hepatic pathological damages. SEM and EDS microscopy showed that the Pb covered the surfaces of cells and was chiefly bound due to the involvement of the carbon and oxygen elements. Similarly, FTIR showed that the amino, amide, phosphoryl, carboxyl, and hydroxyl functional groups of bacteria and MRS were mainly involved in Pb biosorption. Based on these findings, free and microencapsulated L. acidophilus KLDS 1.0344 could be considered a potential dietetic stratagem in alleviating chronic Pb toxicity.


Author(s):  
Kumari Meenu ◽  
J. D. Sharma

Aims: Water containing a fluoride concentration of up to 1.0 mg/L is safe. It was found that the level of fluoride in groundwater is higher than surface water, which may lead to various health problems related to fluorosis. T. indica fruit pulp powder may help to reduce fluorosis condition in rats. Methods: In the present study, healthy adult rats of Wister strain (Rattus norvegicus) weighing between 180-200gm were used for experiments. The animal was divided into five groups. Group I, control rats received only tap water (0.9ppm F). Group II rats were treated with Tamarindus indica fruit pulp powder (4mg/day/rat) for 60 days. Group III rats were exposed to Fluoride water (100ppm F) for 60 days. Group IV treated with fluoride water (100ppm F) along with T. indica fruit pulp powder (4mg/day/rat) for 60 days. whereas, group V rats were ingested fluoride water (100ppm F) for 60 days and Withdrawal from treatment for 30 days. After respective treatment animals were autopsied and biochemical parameters of blood (erythrocyte and leukocyte count, hemoglobin, hematocrits); serum (protein, glucose, cholesterol); serum enzyme activity of SGOT SGPT, Acid phosphatase, and serum fluoride and calcium level was estimated using standard techniques. Results: Results revealed that total erythrocyte, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values were (P=.01) reduced significantly after rats were exposed to fluoride (100 ppm) water for 60 days. whereas total leucocyte count increased with fluoride (100ppm) water exposure for 60 days as compared to control values. The serum enzyme activity of SGOT, SGPT, and alkaline phosphate elevated significantly (P=.01), whereas enzyme activity of acid phosphatase diminished following fluoride water treatment to rats, as composed to control value. The level of serum fluoride enhanced significantly (P=.01) in fluorotic rats as compared to the control value. However, when fluorosed rats were treated with T. indica for 60 days restored all altered parameters almost to control value. Withdrawal of fluoride water for 30 days revealed that there is partial recovery in all parameters studied. Conclusion: Fluoride water consumption increases free radical generation, limits enzyme activity, and results in altered hematological and blood biochemistry. Tamarindus indica pulp powder was found to be beneficial in mitigating fluoride toxicity in rats.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
N. N. Silivontchik ◽  
◽  
A. I. Lednik ◽  
O. P. Levchuk ◽  
L. I. Plotnikova ◽  
...  

Measurement of serum enzyme activity is one of the most common laboratory tests. Increased activity may be caused by abnormal enzymes with a high molecular mass, the so-called macroenzymes. Macroenzymes may be seen in healthy subjects, but can also be related to disease. Macro-aspartate aminotransferase (macro-AST) is a macroenzyme that results from an enzymatic complex consisting of AST linked to serum immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG or both). MacroAST persistence is a rare benign condition. Macro-AST is generally characterized by increased serum AST activity. The article contains analysis of literature data on patients with macro-AST.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuxing Shen ◽  
Chao Wu ◽  
Meng Lei ◽  
Qing Yan ◽  
Haoyang Zhang ◽  
...  

AbstractCarfilzomib, a second-generation proteasome inhibitor, has significantly improved the survival rate of multiple myeloma (MM) patients, but its clinical application is still restricted by drug resistance and cardiotoxicity. Here, we identified a novel proteasome inhibitor, D395, and assessed its efficacy in treating MM as well as its cardiotoxicity at the preclinical level. The activities of purified and intracellular proteasomes were measured to determine the effect of D395 on the proteasome. CCK-8 and flow cytometry experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of D395 on cell growth and apoptosis. The effects of D395 and carfilzomib on serum enzyme activity, echocardiography features, cardiomyocyte morphology, and hERG channels were also compared. In our study, D395 was highly cytotoxic to MM cell lines and primary MM cells but not normal cells, and it was well tolerated in vivo. Similar to carfilzomib, D395 inhibited osteoclast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. In particular, D395 exhibited lower cardiotoxicity than carfilzomib in all experiments. In conclusion, D395 is a novel irreversible proteasome inhibitor that has remarkable anti-MM activity and mild cardiotoxicity in vitro and in vivo.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto González-Garduño ◽  
Ema Maldonado-Simán ◽  
Glafiro Torres-Hernández ◽  
José Luis Ponce Covarrubias ◽  
Jorge Oliva-Hernández ◽  
...  

The objective of the study was to determine the parasitological and immune response in horses naturally re-infected with gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) after an- thelmintic treatment in the humid tropic of Mexico. The study was conducted in Tenosique, Tabasco, Mexico. A total of 30 horses were sampled monthly for nine months. Fecal samples were obtained to determine the number of nematode eggs per gram (EPG) of feces. Stool cultures were performed to obtain and identify infective larvae (L3) genera. Blood samples were also obtained to determine the packed cell volume (PCV), the total plasma protein (TPP), and the differential leukocyte count (DLC). Serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were performed to determine IgA levels against adult cyathostomins and Strongylus nematode antigen. The analyses considered the age and gender of the horses, and the season (Cold, rainy and dry). The number of EPG and TPP were higher in females (1224 ± 1269 and 7.6 ± 0.6 gdL−1, respectively) than males (623 ± 671 and 7.4 ± 0.5 gdL−1, respectively), and no differences were observed with animal age (p > 0.05). The number of EPG increased in the rainy season. The main nematodes involved were of the subfamily Cyathostominae (97.4%) and to a lesser degree of species Strongylus equinus, S. edentatus, S. vulgaris, and Oxyuris equii. The season affected the leukocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes counts but not eosinophils. Variables such as gender, animal age, and environmental conditions are important elements for a diagnosis of GIN and the application of treatments for its control.


2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyotirmayee Pradhan ◽  
Swagatika Sahu ◽  
Kausalya K. Nayak ◽  
B. K. Das

Fingerlings of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) (25±2 g) were fed on Euglena viridis supplemented diets @ 0 (Control), 0.1 g kg-1, 0.5 g kg-1 and 1.0 g kg-1 for 90 days. At 30 days intervals, blood serum samples were assayed for glucose level and enzymatic parameters viz., serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Fish were challenged with a virulent strain of Aeromonas hydrophila after 90 days feeding period. Insignificant (p>0.05) differences in serum AST levels were noticed on the 30th and 60th day of feeding between the different dietary groups of fish. Serum enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP) significantly (p<0.05) declined in fish fed on E. viridis incorporated diets. On the 10th day post-challenge with A. hydrophila, the highest percentage of survival (75%) was recorded in the dietary group fed with 0.5 g kg-1 E. viridis. The best feed conversion ratio (FCR) and highest specific growth rate (SGR) were recorded in the group fed with 0.5 g kg-1 E. viridis incorporated diet. The results clearly indicated that dietary E. viridis promote growth rate and decreases susceptibility to A. hydrophila and did not negatively impact serum enzyme levels in L. rohita .


Author(s):  
Mayur M. Vispute ◽  
Vishesh K. Saxena ◽  
Raj Narayan ◽  
Simmi Tomar ◽  
Jaydip J. Rokade ◽  
...  

Background: Poultry production in rural India is mostly a non-intensive venture comprising native chicken with low production potential but higher disease resistance and adaptability. Present study is attempted for developing a suitable cross for rural poultry production as well as identifying the genetic groups that are nicking well through a partial diallel cross. Methods: A partial diallel cross using three genetic groups/ breeds of chicken viz. coloured synthetic male line (CSML), Local native chicken (Desi) and CARI-Red as the parent lines was designed. CSML was used as male and CR as female line only. The progenies were evaluated for crossbreeding parameters viz. combining abilities and heterosis for immune response and serum enzyme profile to identify the best combining parent lines.Result: Significantly higher (P less than 0.05) cell-mediated (CMI) and humoral immune response (HIR) and immune organ (spleen, bursa of fabricius and thymus) weights were recorded in CR purebred followed by Desi purebred, while CSML purebred exhibited lowest immunity. Variances for SCA differed significantly (P less than 0.001) for HIR and immune organ weights. Inconsistent but significantly higher (P less than 0.01) serum enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP) and AST/ALT ratio were recorded in triple cross and D x CR. Variances for SCA differed significantly (P less than 0.05) for serum enzymes. Results revealed that the CARI-Red and Desi were the improver parent lines for better immunocompetence and serum enzyme profile, respectively in the crosses.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-27
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mainuddin Molla ◽  
Xin Ren ◽  
Ebeydulla Rahman ◽  
Md. M. Kamal ◽  
Ashfak A. Sabuz ◽  
...  

Background: The liver is a vital organ in the human body involved in the metabolic processes. The liver can be damaged due to factors such as protein deficiency, viral infection, as well as consumption of alcohol, chemical contaminants, and adulterated food. High blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, lack of exercise, poor diet, obesity and cigarette smoking are the major risk factors for stroke, heart attack and coronary heart disease (CHD). In medical science, several synthetic drugs have been discovered and used for the treatment of people suffering from liver injury and CHD, but these are not always effective and sometimes difficult to manage by medical therapies and also found to be accompanied by other side effects. Objective: The study aimed to critically review the recent research and studies of epidemiological and randomized controlled trials to find out the effective cereal protein as an alternative preventive food to reduce the risk of CHD and protect the liver from viral hepatic diseases, focusing on daily food intake, body weight, liver weight, serum enzyme activities and cholesterols. Methods: A few of the data from our experiment were used. A literature search was performed for a reliable source of published research articles, review papers, and epidemiological and randomized controlled trials on the effects of cereal protein on animals and human intervention on Google, Google scholar, Redcube, Endnote, Scopus, SpringerDirect.com, PubMed and Web of Science. Then, the data was organized, summarized and analyzed. Results: In medical science, serum enzyme activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and lipid peroxidation stress malondialdehyde (MDA) are commonly used as biochemical markers of the liver-damaging agents. Blood cholesterols (total cholesterol-TC, triglyceride-TG, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-LDLC and highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol-HDLC) are used as the markers of heart diseases. The review shows that daily food intake and body weight data are not significantly differed among normal diet, casein (CAS) and cereals protein. The millet and wheat protein increase the liver weight, whereas the rice protein lowers the liver weight. The intake of cereal protein significantly reduces the activities of serum AST, ALT, LDH, MDA, TC, TG and LDLC, whereas it increases the HDLC. Conclusion: Experimental, review and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) data confirm that cereal protein appears to be beneficial in reducing the hepatic liver injury and CHD by maintaining body weight, liver weight, blood pressure, serum enzyme activities of AST, ALT and LDH, lipid peroxidation stress MDA and cholesterol concentrations both in plasma and liver.


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