Serum Alkaline Phosphodiesterase I in Experimental Biliary Obstruction in the Rat

1984 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 647-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart R. Simpson ◽  
K. Rahman ◽  
D. Billington
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Biliary Obstruction ◽  
Bile Duct Ligation ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Duct Ligation ◽  
Rat Bile ◽  
Molecular Weight Form

1. Alkaline phosphodiesterase I was present in rat liver at approx. 100-fold greater activity than alkaline phosphatase, and in rat bile at approx. 25-fold greater activity. 2. Rat serum alkaline phosphodiesterase I was increased 6-fold whilst serum alkaline phosphatase was increased only 2-fold 96 h after bile duct ligation. 3. In contrast to alkaline phosphatase, hepatic alkaline phosphodiesterase I was not affected by bile duct ligation, suggesting its raised serum activity was due to bile regurgitation rather than overspill of the enzyme from liver into blood. 4. Gel filtration showed that 8 and 96 h after bile duct ligation the serum contained a high molecular weight form of alkaline phosphodiesterase I. 5. It is suggested that alkaline phosphodiesterase I offers a potentially useful indicator of biliary obstruction in the rat.

Plasma alkaline phosphodiesterase I in intrahepatic cholestasis induced by α-naphthylisothiocyanate in rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Quayle ◽  
Alison Capstick ◽  
Anthony I. Morris ◽  
David Billington
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Intrahepatic Cholestasis ◽  
Bile Duct Ligation ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Extrahepatic Cholestasis ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Duct Ligation ◽  
Dose Dependent

1. Administration of α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) to rats produced dose-dependent increases in plasma bile acid and bilirubin concentrations. Similar increases in plasma bile acid and bilirubin concentrations were evident in bile duct ligated rats, indicating that the severity of cholestasis is almost identical in both models. 2. Plasma alkaline phosphodiesterase I was increased by only 50–80% while alkaline phosphatase was increased more than threefold after ANIT administration. This is in contrast to an earlier study [S. R. Simpson, K. Rahman & D. Billington (1984) Clinical Science 67, 647–652] where, after bile duct ligation, serum alkaline phosphodiesterase I was elevated sixfold before any increase in alkaline phosphatase activity became apparent. Thus, plasma alkaline phosphodiesterase I does not offer as sensitive a marker of intrahepatic cholestasis (induced by ANIT) as it does of extrahepatic cholestasis (induced by bile duct ligation). 3. Hepatic alkaline phosphodiesterase I was unaffected by ANIT pretreatment while hepatic alkaline phosphatase was increased up to seven times. It is suggested that raised plasma alkaline phosphodiesterase I is due to regurgitation of the biliary enzyme rather than overspill of the enzyme from liver into blood. 4. Gel filtration showed that 24 h and 96 h after ANIT administration, rat serum contained a high molecular weight form of alkaline phosphodiesterase I, suggesting a different isoenzyme profile.

Decline in rat-serum alkaline phosphatase following bile-duct ligation

1962 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Fishman ◽  
Sidney Green ◽  
Norma I. Inglis
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Bile Duct Ligation ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Duct Ligation

scholarly journals Liver histological, portal flow and plasmatic nitric oxide alterations caused by biliary obstruction and drainage in rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 2-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Angel Dias ◽  
Reginaldo Ceneviva ◽  
Jorge Elias Jr. ◽  
Sergio Zucoloto ◽  
Caroline Floreoto Baldo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Biliary Obstruction ◽  
Bile Duct Ligation ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Portal Flow ◽  
Histological Alterations ◽  
Duct Occlusion ◽  
Duct Ligation ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Periodic Evaluation

PURPOSE: To evaluate liver alterations caused by biliary obstruction and drainage. METHODS: Thirty-nine male Wistar rats were randomly distributed in 4 groups: BO (n=18) bile duct ligation for 20 days, with a periodic evaluation of liver histological alterations, Doppler echography portal flow and measurements of NO and malondialdehyde (MDA); BO/DB (n=13) bile duct occlusion for 20 days followed by biliary drainage by choledochoduodenal anastomosis, 5 days follow-up, same BO group parameters evaluations; group CED (n=4) sham operation and portal flow evaluation trough 20 days; CHB (n=4) sham operation, with hepatic biopsy on 25th day and followed-up trough 25 days, by the same parameters of group BO, with exception of portal flow. Direct bilirubin (DB) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) were evaluated in the group BO, BO/DB and CHB. RESULTS: The bile duct ligation led to an increase of DB and AP, development of liver histological alterations, reduction of portal flow and increase of plasmatic NO and of MDA levels. The bile duct clearing resulted in a reduction of DB, AP, NO, MDA histological alterations and increase of portal flow. CONCLUSION: The biliary occlusion resulted in cholestasis and portal flow reduction, besides the increase of plasmatic NO and of hepatic MDA levels, and histological liver alterations, with a tendency of normalization after the bile duct clearing.

scholarly journals Infection by Gram-Negative Organisms via the Biliary Route Results in Greater Mortality than Portal Venous Infection

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rohan Jeyarajah ◽  
Mariusz L. Kielar ◽  
Nicole Frantz ◽  
Guy Lindberg ◽  
Christopher Y. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Biliary Obstruction ◽  
Bile Duct Ligation ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Bile Duct Obstruction ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Duct Obstruction ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Duct Ligation

ABSTRACT Cholangitis requires bile duct obstruction and infection. Patients with cholangitis are often more affected than those with infections that reach the liver through the portal vein. We will attempt to study the influences of (i) route of entry and (ii) presence of bile duct obstruction on hepatic infection. C57BL/6 mice received injections of Escherichia coli or lipopolysaccharide into the obstructed bile duct or portal vein and were monitored for survival. Livers were assayed for bacteria, and cytokine mRNA was measured. In order to examine the effect of biliary obstruction on hepatic infection, animals were subjected to bile duct ligation 1 day prior to portal vein injection and were monitored for survival. The 50% lethal dose (LD50) for E. coli injected into the bile duct was 50 CFU/animal; the LD50 for E. coli injected into the portal vein was 5 × 107 CFU/animal. Initial hepatic delivery of bacteria was equivalent 1 h after injection into the bile duct or portal vein. However, by 24 h, a significantly greater amount of bacteria was recovered from the livers of the bile duct-injected group. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) and IL-1RA mRNA was expressed at greater levels in the bile duct-injected group. Prior bile duct ligation followed by portal vein injection resulted in a higher incidence of death than when sham operation was performed prior to portal vein injection. Our data suggest that the increased mortality from cholangitis, compared with that from other hepatic infections, is related to the different route of delivery of pathogen and the maladaptive response (possibly involving IL-10 and IL-1RA) to biliary obstruction itself.

Impact of bile duct obstruction on hepatic E. coli infection: role of IL-10

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (1) ◽  
pp. G91-G94 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rohan Jeyarajah ◽  
Mariusz L. Kielar ◽  
Hoosein Saboorian ◽  
Prameela Karimi ◽  
Nicole Frantz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Biliary Obstruction ◽  
Bile Duct Ligation ◽  
Hepatic Clearance ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Duct Ligation

Biliary obstruction in the setting of hepatic bacterial infection has great morbidity and mortality. We developed a novel murine model to examine the effect of biliary obstruction on the clearance of hepatic Escherichia coli infection. This model may allow us to test the hypothesis that biliary obstruction itself adversely affects clearance of hepatic infections even if the bacteria are introduced into the liver by a nonbiliary route. We ligated the bile ducts of C57BL/6 mice on days − 1, 0, or + 1, relative to a day 0 portal venous injection of E. coli. We monitored survival, hepatic bacterial growth, pathology, and IL-10 protein levels. The role of IL-10 in this model was further examined using IL-10 knockout mice. Mice with bile duct ligation at day +1 or 0, relative to portal venous infection at day 0, had decreased survival compared with mice with only portal venous infection. The impaired survival was associated with greater hepatic bacterial growth, hepatic necrosis, and increased production of IL-10. Interestingly, the transgenic knockout of IL-10 resulted in impaired survival in mice with bile duct ligation and portal venous infection. Biliary obstruction had a dramatic detrimental effect on hepatic clearance of portal venous E. coli infection. This impaired clearance is associated with increased IL-10 production. However, transgenic knockout of IL-10 increased mortality after hepatic infection.

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