The human eccrine sweat gland adenylate cyclase system: response to agonists

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Khullar ◽  
V. Schwarz ◽  
P. D. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Cyclic Gmp ◽  
Sweat Gland ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
System Response ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase System ◽  
Cyclic Amp Accumulation

1. Cyclic AMP accumulation has been measured in whole human sweat glands. The mean rate in glands from 19 subjects was 0.519 ± 0.316 pmol of cyclic AMP formed 5 min−1 μg−1 of DNA, which is comparable with that reported for other tissues. 2. Cyclic AMP accumulation in the sweat gland is stimulated fourfold by prostaglandin (PG) E1 and fivefold by PGE2 (0.1 mmol/l), in accord with stimulation in renal tubules and medullary membranes. 3. Bradykinin (10 μg/ml) increases the rate threefold and this is substantially prevented by indomethacin (1.5 × 10−5 mol/l), as also is a five-fold stimulation by cyclic GMP (10−5 mol/l). 4. Mecholyl (10−2 mol/l) and isoprenaline (6 × 10−6 mol/l) increase the rate five- and four-fold respectively, and these agonist effects are largely abolished by atropine and propranolol. 5. The stimulation and inhibition pattern suggests a direct action of PGE, enhancement of prostaglandin synthetase by cyclic GMP and stimulation of guanylate cyclase by mecholyl and bradykinin. Isoprenaline presumably stimulates adenylate cyclase directly. 6. This complex chain of events, from cholinergic stimulation to an enhancement of adenylate cyclase, demonstrated in vitro, constitutes a potential for flexible and fine control of sweat gland function.

scholarly journals Interactions between adenylate cyclase and the yeast GTPase-activating protein IRA1.

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4591-4598 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Mitts ◽  
J Bradshaw-Rouse ◽  
W Heideman
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase System ◽  
Gtpase Activating Protein ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Sepharose 4B ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Cyclic Amp Synthesis

The adenylate cyclase system of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains many proteins, including the CYR1 polypeptide, which is responsible for catalyzing the formation of cyclic AMP from ATP, RAS1 and RAS2 polypeptides, which mediate stimulation of cyclic AMP synthesis by guanine nucleotides, and the yeast GTPase-activating protein analog IRA1. We have previously reported that adenylate cyclase is only peripherally bound to the yeast membrane. We have concluded that IRA1 is a strong candidate for a protein involved in anchoring adenylate cyclase to the membrane. We base this conclusion on the following criteria: (i) a disruption of the IRA1 gene produced a mutant with very low membrane-associated levels of adenylate cyclase activity, (ii) membranes made from these mutants were incapable of binding adenylate cyclase in vitro, (iii) IRA1 antibodies inhibit binding of adenylate cyclase to the membrane, and (iv) IRA1 and adenylate cyclase comigrate on Sepharose 4B.

CYCLIC AMP AND CYCLIC GMP ACCUMULATION IN HAMSTER PRE-OVULATORY FOLLICLES STIMULATED WITH LH AND FSH

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Makris ◽  
Kenneth J. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Cyclic Gmp ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Hormone Action ◽  
Acute Response ◽  
Cyclic Amp Accumulation ◽  
Ovulatory Follicles ◽  
Higher Doses

ABSTRACT Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP accumulation in hamster pre-ovulatory follicles was determined after in vitro stimulation by LH and FSH. Combined time course and dose response experiments determined that the acute response of the follicles (0–30 min) to LH and FSH was similar with respect to cyclic AMP accumulation. The pattern of cyclic GMP accumulation was, however, distinctly different in LH and FSH stimulated follicles. LH increased follicular cyclic GMP only at the lowest dose (0.005 IU/ml), while higher doses of LH had no effect. In contrast, FSH at all doses stimulated cyclic GMP accumulation. The different cyclic AMP to cyclic relationships generated in the follicles by LH and FSH may be determinants in specificity of hormone action in pre-ovulatory follicles.

Renal cyclic AMP accumulation and adenulate cyclase stimulation by erythropoietic agents

1975 ◽  
Vol 229 (5) ◽  
pp. 1387-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Rodgers ◽  
JW Fisher ◽  
WJ George
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Iron Incorporation ◽  
Erythropoietin Production ◽  
Cyclic Amp Accumulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

The regional distribution of cyclic AMP in the kidney was determined following erythropoietic stimulation with hypoxia and cobalt. Following these stimuli, increases in renal cyclic AMP concentrations were restricted to the cortex. The basis for this localization in the case of cobalt treatment was found to reside in the stimulation of renal cortical adenylate cyclase activity in vitro by concentrations of cobalt similar to those found in vivo. The level of cobalt in the cortex after cobalt treatment was found to approach 500 mumol/kg of tissue, whereas no detectable levels of cobalt were found in the renal medulla. Additionally, other agents such as parathyroid hormone and lactic acid, that are known to lack stimulatory effects on medullary adenylate cyclase, were found to stimulate the cortical enzyme. This stimulation of renal cortical adenylate cyclase correlates with enhanced erythropoiesis as demonstrated by increased radiolabeled iron incorporation into erythrocytes. These results support previous reports which suggest that renal cortical cyclic AMP mediates erythropoietin production in response to erythropoietically active agents.

scholarly journals Interactions between adenylate cyclase and the yeast GTPase-activating protein IRA1

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4591-4598
Author(s):  
M R Mitts ◽  
J Bradshaw-Rouse ◽  
W Heideman
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase System ◽  
Gtpase Activating Protein ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Sepharose 4B ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Cyclic Amp Synthesis

The adenylate cyclase system of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains many proteins, including the CYR1 polypeptide, which is responsible for catalyzing the formation of cyclic AMP from ATP, RAS1 and RAS2 polypeptides, which mediate stimulation of cyclic AMP synthesis by guanine nucleotides, and the yeast GTPase-activating protein analog IRA1. We have previously reported that adenylate cyclase is only peripherally bound to the yeast membrane. We have concluded that IRA1 is a strong candidate for a protein involved in anchoring adenylate cyclase to the membrane. We base this conclusion on the following criteria: (i) a disruption of the IRA1 gene produced a mutant with very low membrane-associated levels of adenylate cyclase activity, (ii) membranes made from these mutants were incapable of binding adenylate cyclase in vitro, (iii) IRA1 antibodies inhibit binding of adenylate cyclase to the membrane, and (iv) IRA1 and adenylate cyclase comigrate on Sepharose 4B.

Longitudinal Studies of Platelet Cyclic AMP during Healthy Pregnancy and Pregnancies at Risk of Pre-Eclampsia

1995 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Horn ◽  
J. A. Cooper ◽  
E. Hardy ◽  
S. Heptinstall ◽  
P. C. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
Healthy Pregnancy ◽  
Cyclic Amp Accumulation ◽  
History Of

1. Platelet behaviour in vitro in relation to cyclic AMP was studied longitudinally during pregnancy and in the same women when they were not pregnant. Subjects comprised a group of healthy primigravidae and a group of women deemed at risk of pre-eclampsia, on the basis of a previous history of the condition. 2. There was a progressive decline during pregnancy in sensitivity of platelets to inhibition of the arachidonic acid-induced release reaction by agents which act via cyclic AMP. This effect was maximum at 36 weeks' gestation. 3. Basal platelet cyclic AMP levels, and those in the presence of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, did not change throughout the period of the study. 4. By contrast, platelet cyclic AMP accumulation in response to a variety of adenylate cyclase stimulators was reduced from early pregnancy, throughout the gestational period, compared with post-natally. This effect was noted when platelets were incubated with prostaglandins acting via different surface receptors or with forskolin and was most marked on co-incubation with a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. 5. Compared with healthy women, platelets from women with a previous history of pre-eclampsia tended to accumulate less cyclic AMP in response to adenylate cyclase stimulators. This was the case both during pregnancy and post-natally. Further investigation of adenylate cyclase activity in platelets in relation to pre-eclampsia is required.

scholarly journals Role of adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate in the action of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) on hepatic and renal metabolism

1974 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Kacew ◽  
Radhey L. Singhal
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Kidney Cortex ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase System ◽  
Renal Metabolism ◽  
Halogenated Hydrocarbon ◽  
Liver And Kidney

The possibility whether alterations in the cyclic AMP–adenylate cyclase–phosphodiesterase system play a role in the action of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) on hepatic and renal carbohydrate metabolism was investigated. Administration of exogenous cyclic AMP (10mg/100g) was found to mimic the action of DDT which enhanced the activities of pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, fructose 1,6-diphosphatase and glucose 6-phosphatase in both liver and kidney cortex, elevated the concentration of blood glucose and urea and decreased the amount of hepatic glycogen. Treatment with theophylline augmented the effects of a submaximal dose of this halogenated hydrocarbon on serum urea and glucose as well as the key gluconeogenic enzymes in liver and kidney cortex. Addition of DDT in vitro to liver and kidney homogenates resulted in a significant enhancement of adenylate cyclase activity. Hepatic and renal slices from rats already treated with DDT displayed an increased ability to convert [3H]adenosine into cyclic [3H]AMP. Whereas kidney-cortex slices excised from rats given caffeine and DDT produced an even greater amount of cyclic [3H]AMP, imidazole, propranolol and hydrazine prevented the insecticide-stimulated rise in cyclic nucleotide production. In contrast, prostaglandin E1 failed to exert any significant effect on DDT-induced increases in cyclic [3H]AMP synthesis from radioactive adenosine. The present study and our previous findings (Kacew & Singhal, 1973e) support the concept that the DDT-induced alterations in carbohydrate metabolism of liver and kidney cortex may be related to an initial stimulation of the cyclic AMP-adenylate cyclase system in these tissues.

Cytochemical Evidence for Presynatic β-Adrenergic Regulation of Secretion in the Developing Rat Submandibular Gland

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 430-431
Author(s):  
L.S. Cutler
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Cyclase Activity ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase Activity ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Adrenergic Agonist ◽  
Rat Submandibular Gland

Many studies previously have shown that the B-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol and the a-adrenergic agonist norepinephrine will stimulate secretion by the adult rat submandibular (SMG) and parotid glands. Recent data from several laboratories indicates that adrenergic agonists bind to specific receptors on the secretory cell surface and stimulate membrane associated adenylate cyclase activity which generates cyclic AMP. The production of cyclic AMP apparently initiates a cascade of events which culminates in exocytosis. During recent studies in our laboratory it was observed that the adenylate cyclase activity in plasma membrane fractions derived from the prenatal and early neonatal rat submandibular gland was retractile to stimulation by isoproterenol but was stimulated by norepinephrine. In addition, in vitro secretion studies indicated that these prenatal and neonatal glands would not secrete peroxidase in response to isoproterenol but would secrete in response to norepinephrine. In contrast to these in vitro observations, it has been shown that the injection of isoproterenol into the living newborn rat results in secretion of peroxidase by the SMG (1).

Effect of Cyclic AMP and Cyclic GMP on Thromboplastin (Factor III) Synthesis in Human Monocytes In Vitro

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (04) ◽  
pp. 804-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torstein Lyberg
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Cyclic Gmp ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Intracellular Camp ◽  
Human Monocytes ◽  
Purified Protein Derivative ◽  
A 23187

SummaryHuman monocytes in vitro respond to various agents (immune complexes, lectins, endotoxin, the divalent ionophore A 23187, 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate [TPA], purified protein derivative [PPD] of Bacille Calmette-Guerin) with an increased synthesis of the protein component of thromboplastin. The effect of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP on this response has been studied. Dibutyryl-cyclic AMP, prostaglandin E1 and the phosphodiesterase inhibitors 3-butyl-1-methyl-xanthine (MIX) and rac -4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone (Ro 201724), separately and in combination have a pronounced inhibitory effect on the response to immune complexes and PPD, and a moderate effect on the response to endotoxin and lectins. The effect on TPA response and on the response to A 23187 was slight. Dibutyryl-cyclic GMP (1 mM) gave a slight inhibition of the TPA arid IC response, but had essentially no effect on the response to other inducers. The intracellular cAMP level increased when monocytes were incubated with IC, TPA or A 23187 followed by a decrease to basal levels within 1-2 hr, whereas lectin (PHA) and PPD did not induce such changes. The cAMP response to endotoxin varied. Stimulation with IC induced an increase in monocyte cGMP levels, whereas the other stimulants did not cause such changes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document