healthy pregnancy
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Casazza ◽  
Drake T Philip ◽  
Helen M. Lazear

Interferon lambda (IFN-λ, type III IFN) is constitutively secreted from human placental cells in culture and reduces Zika virus (ZIKV) transplacental transmission in mice. However, the roles of IFN-λ during healthy pregnancy and in restricting congenital infection remain unclear. Here we used mice lacking the IFN-λ receptor (Ifnlr1-/-) to generate pregnancies lacking either maternal or fetal IFN-λ responsiveness and found that the antiviral effect of IFN-λ resulted from signaling exclusively in maternal tissues. This protective effect depended on gestational stage, as infection earlier in pregnancy (E7 rather than E9) resulted in enhanced transplacental transmission of ZIKV. In Ifnar1-/- dams, which sustain robust ZIKV infection, maternal IFN-λ signaling caused fetal resorption and intrauterine growth restriction. Pregnancy pathology elicited by poly(I:C) treatment also was mediated by maternal IFN-λ signaling, specifically in maternal leukocytes, and also occurred in a gestational stage-dependent manner. These findings identify an unexpected effect of IFN-λ signaling specifically in maternal (rather than placental or fetal) tissues, which is distinct from the pathogenic effects of IFN-αβ (type I IFN) during pregnancy. These results highlight the complexity of immune signaling at the maternal-fetal interface, where disparate outcomes can result from signaling at different gestational stages.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-203
Author(s):  
Gargee Vaidya ◽  
Shreya Chandrasekhar ◽  
Ruchi Gajjar ◽  
Nagendra Gajjar ◽  
Deven Patel ◽  
...  

Background: The process of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) involves collecting multiple samples of mature eggs that are fertilized with sperms in the IVF laboratory. They are eventually graded, and the most viable embryo out of all the samples is selected for transfer in the mother’s womb for a healthy pregnancy. Currently, the process of grading and selecting the healthiest embryo is performed by visual morphology, and manual records are maintained by embryologists. Objectives: Maintaining manual records makes the process very tedious, time-consuming, and error-prone. The absence of a universal grading leads to high subjectivity and low success rate of pregnancy. To improve the chances of pregnancy, multiple embryos are transferred in the womb elevating the risk of multiple pregnancies. In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based method to perform the automatic grading of the embryos using time series prediction with Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Methods: CNN extracts the features of the images of embryos, and a sequence of such features is fed to LSTM for time series prediction, which gives the final grade. Results: Our model gave an ideal accuracy of 100% on training and validation. A comparison of obtained results is made with those obtained from a GRU model as well as other pre-trained models. Conclusion: The automated process is robust and eliminates subjectivity. The days-long hard work can now be replaced with our model, which gives the grading within 8 seconds with a GPU.


Author(s):  
Nishita Shettian ◽  
Hema Venkata Naga Sai Sudha Pavuluri

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the pregnancy outcomes in women with thyroid disorders.Methods: This is a retrospective observational study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology of AJ institute of medical sciences and research centre from the month of March to September 2021. The first trimester thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level and birth weight of new born is collected from hospital records, study participants included all the pregnant mothers who were admitted and delivered in the labour ward of AJ institute of medical sciencesResults: According to our study low birth weight in neonates in euthyroid, hypothyroid, hyperthyroid participants were 21.4%, 61.5%, and 100% respectively.Conclusions: This study indicates that there is an association between maternal thyroid levels and neonatal birth weight. A higher TSH concentration during first trimester of pregnancy is associated with low birth weight. Based on these findings, it is recommended that maternal thyroid levels be monitored closely in the first trimester and initiate timely treatment in case of altered thyroid levels during pregnancy in order to have a healthy pregnancy and healthy baby with no compromise in the fetal weight. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 2176-2180
Author(s):  
Fitriana Ikhtiarinawati Fajrin ◽  
Naila Shofa Nida’ul Khusna

This community service aims to increase knowledge, change attitudes and behavior of mothers to understand pregnancy, body changes, complaints during pregnancy, pregnancy care, childbirth, postpartum care, postnatal family planning, newborn care, and myths to achieve a healthy pregnancy. The method of the community service is health education in the form of pregnant women class and demonstrations of pregnant gymnastics practices which are carried out at the Sumberagung Village Hall, Sukodadi District, Lamongan Regency. The results indicate an increase in knowledge of pregnant women related to information about pregnancy and childbirth. Thus, pregnant women have an awareness of the importance of taking classes for pregnant women and make it a necessity to realize a healthy pregnancy.


Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Rama J. Wahab ◽  
Vincent W. V. Jaddoe ◽  
Romy Gaillard

Women with obesity receive intensified antenatal care due to their increased risk of pregnancy complications, even though not all of these women develop complications. We developed a model based on maternal characteristics for prediction of healthy pregnancy outcomes in women with obesity or who are overweight. We assessed whether early-pregnancy metabolites improved prediction. In a population-based cohort study among a subsample of 1180 Dutch pregnant women with obesity or who are overweight, we developed a prediction model using 32 maternal socio-demographic, lifestyle, physical and pregnancy-related characteristics. We determined early-pregnancy amino acids, nonesterifed fatty acids, phospholipids and carnitines in blood serum using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A healthy pregnancy outcome was the absence of fetal death, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, caesarian section, preterm birth, large-for-gestational-age at birth, macrosomia, postpartum weight retention and offspring overweight/obesity at 5 years. Maternal age, relationship status, parity, early-pregnancy body mass index, mid-pregnancy gestational weight gain, systolic blood pressure and estimated fetal weight were selected into the model using backward selection (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.65 (95% confidence interval 0.61 to 0.68)). Early-pregnancy metabolites did not improve model performance. Thus, in women with obesity or who are overweight, maternal characteristics can moderately predict a healthy pregnancy outcome. Maternal early-pregnancy metabolites have no incremental value in the prediction of a healthy pregnancy outcome.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Contessa A Ricci ◽  
Danielle M Reid ◽  
Jie Sun ◽  
Donna A Santillan ◽  
Mark K Santillan ◽  
...  

Oxidative stress, placental mitochondrial morphological alterations, and impaired bioenergetics are associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Here we examined mitochondrial DNA mutational load in pregnant women with pregnancy-induced hypertension and reanalyzed publicly available high-throughput transcriptomic datasets from maternal and fetal tissues from normotensive and hypertensive pregnancies. Mitochondrial dysregulation was indicated by aberrant mitochondrial gene expression, and putative consequences were examined. Women with hypertensive pregnancy had elevated mitochondrial DNA mutational load. Maternal mitochondrial dysregulation in hypertensive pregnancies was associated with pathways involved in inflammation, cell death/survival, and placental development. In fetal tissues from hypertensive pregnancies, mitochondrial dysregulation was associated with increased extracellular vesicle production. Our study demonstrates mitochondria-mediated maternal-fetal interactions during healthy pregnancy and maternal mitochondrial dysregulation in hypertensive pregnancy development.


Author(s):  
Astha Lalwani ◽  
Priye Suman Rastogi ◽  
Rehana Najam ◽  
Ashish Chander

Background: Aim of the study was to assess sub-foveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in preeclamptic patients by SD ocular coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and correlate its changes with severity of preeclampsia.Method: This case control, observational study, conducted in department of ophthalmology in association with department of obstetrics and gynaecology. The subjects were split into two groups: study and control. Study group was further divided in to 2 groups i.e., group A (Patients with preeclampsia) and group B (Pregnant females without preeclampsia). Control group (Group C) of non-pregnant females of similar age group. Total 100 patients were taken in each group. Subjects from both study and control groups were subjected to SD-OCT and mean choroidal thickness of both eyes was noted. Data was noted and comparison of 3 groups was done.Results: Baseline characters viz, age, period of gestation, and parity was comparable among all the groups as p>0.05. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was 102.72±9.81 and 84.56±7.83 in group A and B respectively with statistically significant difference as p<0.01. Following a post hoc analysis, it was discovered that the SFCT of the healthy pregnancy group did not differ substantially from that of the control group, however the SFCT of the pre-eclampsia group was significantly higher than that of the control and healthy pregnancy groups.Conclusions: Pre-eclampsia causes a greater increase in sub-foveal choroidal thickness than normal pregnancy or non-pregnant women. It has the potential to be used as a predictor or marker of pre-eclampsia severity.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Chavira-Suárez ◽  
Alma Lilia Hernández-Olvera ◽  
Mariana Flores-Torres ◽  
Karen Rubí Celaya-Cruz ◽  
Sofía Gitler ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Novel high-resolution tools for pregnancy monitoring, including early detection of prenatal disorders, are needed. Changes in circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) during pregnancy could potentially inform about the functional status of the mother, the placenta and/or the fetus. However, whether c-miRNA profiles actually reflect distinct pregnancy-specific events at all stages remains unclear.Methods: Longitudinal large-scale RNAseq c-miRNA profiles at early, middle and late pregnancy, and after birth derived from eight women with healthy term pregnancies (n=32 plasma samples) were compared against corresponding circulating profiles derived from age-matched non-pregnant women (n=10). Data of fetal sex and growth indicators obtained during pregnancy evolution of the same women, were used to identify specific c-miRNA correlates in circulation.Results: 1449 c-miRNAs were detected in circulation in both pregnant and non-pregnant women with only 48 c-miRNAs differentially expressed relative to non-pregnant controls in at least one of the four studied stages (FDR<0.05). Surprisingly, c-miRNA subpopulations with reported prominent expression in various pregnancy-associated compartments (placenta, amniotic fluid, umbilical cord plasma and breast milk) were found collectively under-expressed in maternal circulation throughout pregnancy (p<0.05). Furthermore, we found a bias in global miRNAs expression in direct association with fetal sex right from the first trimester, in addition to a specific c-miRNA signature of fetal growth (R = 0.7, p < 0.01).Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the existence of temporal changes in c-miRNAs populations associated to distinct aspects of pregnancy, including correlates of placental function and lactation, as well as fetal gender and growth, revealing a wider potential of c-miRNAs as biomarkers of specific aspects of maternal health and fetal growth.


Placenta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Jun Lin ◽  
Xiao-Xi Xu ◽  
Heng-Xin Zhang ◽  
Miao-Miao Ding ◽  
Wen-Qi Cao ◽  
...  

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