Inhaled smoke volume, puffing indices and carbon monoxide uptake in asymptomatic cigarette smokers

1986 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Woodman ◽  
S. P. Newman ◽  
D. Pavia ◽  
S. W. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Concentration ◽  
Puff Volume ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Subject Difference ◽  
Expired Air

1. Nine asymptomatic smokers each smoked one cigarette of their usual brand on four separate occasions. 2. The inhaled smoke volume was measured by tracing the smoke with the inert gas 81Krm. Puffing indices were recorded by using an electronic smoking analyser and flowhead/cigarette holder. The expired air carbon monoxide concentration was measured immediately before and within 5 min of finishing smoking. 3. The inhaled smoke percentage (total inhaled smoke volume/total puff volume) averaged 46% to 85% in different subjects. 4. Neither the mean inhaled smoke volume per puff nor the total inhaled smoke volume per cigarette was significantly correlated with any of the puffing indices. 5. Smokers took significantly smaller and shorter puffs, left longer between puffs and inhaled less smoke as the cigarette was smoked (P < 0.01), although the proportion of the puff which was subsequently inhaled did not change significantly. 6. There was no significant intra-subject difference in any index from one visit to another.

scholarly journals Carbon Monoxide Concentration of Expired Air

Sangyo Igaku ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
H. Momotani ◽  
T. Toyama
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Concentration ◽  
Expired Air

Time course of end-expired carbon monoxide concentration is important in studies of cigarette smoking

1987 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 553-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Woodman ◽  
D. M. Wintoniuk ◽  
R. G. Taylor ◽  
S. W. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Fast Phase ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Concentration ◽  
The Mean

1. Fifteen asymptomatic habitual smokers each smoked one of their usual cigarettes, not having smoked for 2 h. End-expired carbon monoxide concentration (EECO) was measured with an Ecolyzer 2000 series analyser before smoking (pre-S value), 1 min after finishing smoking (post-S value) and then at intervals up to 1 h. 2. The mean EECO boost (increase) over all subjects declined biphasically after smoking, with an initial fast phase from 1 to 5 min, and then a slow phase from 5 to 60 min. EECO fell by as much in the first 5 min as in the next hour. 3. Post-S EECO was related to pre-S EECO (r = 0.89, P < 0.001), but EECO boost was not related to pre-S (r = 0.00). EECO boost was unaffected by the sampling manoeuvre. 4. EECO measurements in epidemiological and smoking studies should not be made for at least 5 min after a cigarette is finished

Pollutant emission from a heat station supplied with agriculture biomass and wood pellet mixture

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Juszczak ◽  
Katarzyna Lossy
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Heat Output ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Wood Pellet ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Concentration ◽  
Heat Efficiency ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Fuel Mixtures ◽  
Lower Carbon

Pollutant emission from a heat station supplied with agriculture biomass and wood pellet mixtureTests for combustion of hay and sunflower husk pellets mixed with wood pellets were performed in a horizontal-feed as well as under-feed (retort) wood pellet furnace installed in boilers with a nominal heat output of 15 and 20 kW, located in a heat station. During the combustion a slagging phenomenon was observed in the furnaces. In order to lower the temperature in the furnace, fuel feeding rate was reduced with unaltered air stream rate. The higher the proportion of wood pellets in the mixture the lower carbon monoxide concentration. The following results of carbon monoxide concentration (in mg/m3presented for 10% O2content in flue gas) for different furnaces and fuel mixtures (proportion in wt%) were obtained: horizontal-feed furnace supplied with hay/wood: 0/100 - 326; 30/70 - 157; 50/50 - 301; 100/0 - 3300; horizontal-feed furnace supplied with sunflower husk/wood: 50/50 - 1062; 67/33 - 1721; 100/0 - 3775; under-feed (retort) furnace supplied with hay/wood: 0/100 - 90; 15/85 - 157; 30/70 - 135; 50/50 - 5179; under-feed furnace supplied with sunflower husk/wood: 67/33 - 2498; 100/0 - 3128. Boiler heat output and heat efficiency was low: 7 to 13 kW and about 55%, respectively, for the boiler with horizontal-feed furnace and 9 to 14 kW and 64%, respectively, for the boiler with under-feed furnace.

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