Peripheral vascular responses during carotid baroreceptor stimulation in normotensive and hypertensive subjects

1987 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Duprez ◽  
N. De Pue ◽  
D. L. Clement
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Carotid Baroreceptors ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Carotid Baroreceptor ◽  
Normotensive Subjects

1. The carotid baroreceptors were stimulated for 2 min by neck suction at −30 and −60 mmHg in 19 normotensive subjects and 12 patients with moderate essential hypertension. 2. Blood pressure was measured with a mercury sphygmomanometer and heart rate was derived from beat-to-beat analysis of the electrocardiogram. Blood flow was measured simultaneously at calf and finger with venous occlusion plethysmography and the vascular resistance was calculated. 3. During neck suction at − 30 and − 60 mmHg there was a significant decrease in arterial blood pressure and heart rate. There was a transient vasodilatation of the calf blood vessels, while there was a sustained vasoconstriction of the finger blood vessels. These results were qualitatively similar in both groups; however, there were quantitative differences. 4. These experiments show that there is a selective autonomic control of the different peripheral vascular beds by the carotid baroreceptors in both normotension and mild essential hypertension.

Carotid Baroreceptor Reflex in Normotensive and Hypertensive Subjects

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 343s-345s ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mancia ◽  
J. Ludbrook ◽  
A. Ferrari ◽  
L. Gregorini ◽  
R. Valentini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Baroreceptor Reflex ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Carotid Baroreceptor ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
Neck Chamber ◽  
Related Increase

1. A graded decrease and increase in carotid baroreceptor activity (induced by a varying pressure in a neck chamber) caused a linearly related increase and decrease in arterial blood pressure. This occurred in both normotensive and hypertensive subjects. 2. Decrease of carotid baroreceptor activity caused a greater increase of blood pressure in normotensive than in hypertensive subjects. Increasing the activity caused changes of similar magnitude in the two groups. 3. Decrease of baroreceptor activity also caused an increase in heart rate although increasing the activity of the reflex had little effect on heart rate, particularly in normotensive subjects. Thus the carotid baroreceptor effect on blood pressure does not always reflect that on heart rate and inference of one reflex response from measurement of the other may be in error.

scholarly journals Comparative Effects of Prazosin and Phenoxybenzamine on Arterial Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Plasma Catecholamines in Essential Hypertension

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. S1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Mulvihill-Wilson ◽  
Robert M. Graham ◽  
William Pettinger ◽  
Carolyn Muckleroy ◽  
Shirley Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Arterial Blood

Relation of Plasma Noradrenaline to Blood Pressure, Age, Sex and Sodium Balance in Patients with Stable Essential Hypertension and in Normotensive Subjects

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (s4) ◽  
pp. 81s-83s ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Brecht ◽  
W. Schoeppe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
Normotensive Control

1. Plasma noradrenaline was measured in 125 patients with stable essential hypertension (WHO I—II) and in 107 normotensive control subjects lying and standing. 2. In normotensive subjects and in patients with essential hypertension no sex-related differences of plasma noradrenaline were found between age-matched groups. 3. Plasma noradrenaline was not related to sodium balance indexed by urinary sodium/creatinine ratio. 4. In patients with essential hypertension plasma noradrenaline increases with age. 5. Mean plasma noradrenaline concentrations are significantly higher in patients with essential hypertension compared with age-matched normotensive subjects both lying and standing. 6. In patients with essential hypertension diastolic blood pressure and heart rate correlated significantly with supine plasma noradrenaline concentrations.

Elevated Plasma Adrenaline Reflects Sympathetic Overactivity and Enhanced α-Adrenoceptor-Mediated Vasoconstriction in Essential Hypertension

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (s7) ◽  
pp. 161s-164s ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bolli ◽  
F. W. Amann ◽  
L. Hulthén ◽  
W. Kiowski ◽  
F. R. Bühler
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Pressor Test ◽  
Normotensive Subjects

1. Stressful sympathetic stimulation (cold pressor test) was applied to 18 patients with essential hypertension and 15 normotensive subjects. Intra-arterial blood pressure, heart rate, plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations as well as forearm blood flow were measured before and during the cold pressor test; tests were repeated after regional postsynaptic α1-adrenoceptor blockade with prazosin. 2. Under basal conditions mean blood pressure (P < 0.001), heart rate (P < 0.01), forearm blood flow (P < 0.001) as well as adrenaline concentration (P < 0.01), but not noradrenaline, was higher in patients with essential hypertension. 3. During the cold pressor test, mean blood pressure, heart rate, plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations increased and forearm flow decreased (all P < 0.001). 4. Stress-stimulated plasma adrenaline was higher in essential hypertensive patients than in normotensive subjects (P < 0.01). In the former the stress-induced increase in plasma adrenaline correlated with the increase in mean blood pressure (r = 0.514; P < 0.05). 5. Prazosin increased forearm blood flow more in essential hypertension (P < 0.001). This increase correlated with the resting plasma adrenaline in the hypertensive (r = 0.710; P < 0.001), but not in normotensive, subjects. 6. When the cold pressor test was repeated during postsynaptic α1-adrenoceptor blockade forearm blood flow did not decrease; instead it increased further in both groups (P < 0.05). 7. Thus in essential hypertension elevated plasma adrenaline concentration reflects sympathetic overactivity as also expressed by enhanced α-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction.

Plasma Noradrenaline and the Pressor Action of Exogenous Noradrenaline in Normotensive Subjects and Patients with Essential Hypertension

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (s4) ◽  
pp. 61s-63s ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Philipp ◽  
A. Distler ◽  
U. Cordes ◽  
H. P. Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Blood Pressure Level ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Adrenergic Activity ◽  
Normotensive Subjects

1. An inverse relationship was found between plasma noradrenaline and reactivity to exogenous noradrenaline in normotensive subjects. 2. The relationship between plasma noradrenaline and reactivity was disturbed in age-matched patients with essential hypertension. 3. A multiple-regression analysis showed a highly significant correlation between adrenergic activity and reactivity to noradrenaline and the mean arterial blood pressure level (r = 0·91). The results suggest that adrenergic activity and pressor response to noradrenaline combined are important determinants of arterial blood pressure. 4. An inverse relationship could also be demonstrated between plasma renin activity and reactivity to exogenous angiotensin II. No difference was observed between normotensive and hypertensive subjects.

Relationship between Arterial Blood Pressure and Dietary Sodium Intake in Essential Hypertension and in Normotensive Subjects

1981 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 7P-7P
Author(s):  
P. S. Parfrey ◽  
N. D. Markandu ◽  
J. E. Roulston ◽  
B. E. Jones ◽  
G. A. MacGregor
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Normotensive Subjects

CENTRAL VERSUS PERIPHERAL SYMPATHETIC INHIBITION ON ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE AND HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (Suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. S209
Author(s):  
C. Nicopoulos ◽  
A. Fountoulaki ◽  
J. Giannakoulis ◽  
V. Demopoulos ◽  
J. Skoularigis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood

Comparative Effects of Prazosin and Phenoxybenzamine on Arterial Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Plasma Catecholamines in Essential Hypertension

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. S1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Mulvihill-Wilson ◽  
Robert M. Graham ◽  
William Pettinger ◽  
Carolyn Muckleroy ◽  
Shirley Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Arterial Blood

Blood Pressure Variability in Man: Its Relation to High Blood Pressure, Age and Baroreflex Sensitivity

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (s6) ◽  
pp. 401s-404s ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mancia ◽  
A. Ferrari ◽  
L. Gregorini ◽  
G. Parati ◽  
G. Pomidossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Variability ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Variation Coefficient ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Normotensive Subjects

1. Intra-arterial blood pressure and heart rate were recorded for 24 h in ambulant hospitalized patients of variable age who had normal blood pressure or essential hypertension. Mean 24 h values, standard deviations and variation coefficient were obtained as the averages of values separately analysed for 48 consecutive half-hour periods. 2. In older subjects standard deviation and variation coefficient for mean arterial pressure were greater than in younger subjects with similar pressure values, whereas standard deviation and variation coefficient for heart rate were smaller. 3. In hypertensive subjects standard deviation for mean arterial pressure was greater than in normotensive subjects of similar ages, but this was not the case for variation coefficient, which was slightly smaller in the former than in the latter group. Normotensive and hypertensive subjects showed no difference in standard deviation and variation coefficient for heart rate. 4. In both normotensive and hypertensive subjects standard deviation and even more so variation coefficient were slightly or not related to arterial baroreflex sensitivity as measured by various methods (phenylephrine, neck suction etc.). 5. It is concluded that blood pressure variability increases and heart rate variability decreases with age, but that changes in variability are not so obvious in hypertension. Also, differences in variability among subjects are only marginally explained by differences in baroreflex function.

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