Recombinant DNA technology and DNA sequencing

Abstract DNA present in all our cells acts as a template by which cells are built. The human genome project, reading the code of the DNA within our cells, completed in 2003, is undoubtedly one of the great achievements of modern bioscience. Our ability to achieve this and to further understand and manipulate DNA has been tightly linked to our understanding of the bacterial and viral world. Outside of the science, the ability to understand and manipulate this code has far-reaching implications for society. In this article, we explore some of the basic techniques that enable us to read, copy and manipulate DNA sequences alongside a brief consideration of some of the implications for society.

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Beyond Nature and Culture: A Note on Medicine in the Age of Molecular Biology

Science in Context ◽

10.1017/s0269889700001988 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 249-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Hans-Jörg Rheinberger

Keyword(s):

Molecular Biology ◽

Human Genome ◽

Human Genome Project ◽

Science Studies ◽

Recombinant Dna ◽

Genome Project ◽

Recombinant Dna Technology ◽

Nature And Culture ◽

Ecological Changes ◽

The Human Genome Project

The ArgumentThe paper is divided into the two parts. In the first, I examine the relations among molecular biology, gene technology, and medicine as some aspect of the consequences of these relations with respect to the human genome project of the consequences of these relations with respect to the human genome project. I argue that the prevailing momentum of early molecular biology resided in argue that the prevailing momentum of relay molecular biology resided in crating the technical means for an extracellular representation of intracellular configurations. Assuch, its medical impact was rather limited. With the advent of recombinant DNA technology is based on the prospects of an intracellular representation of extracellular projects—the “rewriting” of life. Its medical impact is potentially unlimited. In the second part, I question the very opposition between nature and culture that implicitly underlies the notion of medicine as a “cultural system.” I argue that both on a macroscopic level (global ecological changes) and on a microscopic level (genetic engineering), the “natural” and the “social” are no longer to be seen as ontologically different.In its uncanny oscillation between retrospection and foresight, between description and proclamation, and between assertion and hesitation, this essay translates an uneasiness that I have not been able to overcome while writing it. The essay conveys the tangled views of a hybrid author who himself cannot but oscillate between the perspectives of an actor in the field of molecular biology, a participant in the field of science studies, and a citizen

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2. How to read the book of life

Genomics: A Very Short Introduction ◽

10.1093/actrade/9780198786207.003.0002 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 12-27

Author(s):

John Archibald

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequencing ◽

Human Genome ◽

Single Molecule ◽

Human Genome Project ◽

Genome Project ◽

Chain Termination ◽

Single Molecule Sequencing ◽

Semiconductor Sequencing ◽

The Cost ◽

The Human Genome Project

For all its biological importance, DNA is a fragile molecule so extracting it is a difficult process. ‘How to read the book of life’ explains the techniques required to sequence DNA. It begins by explaining the techniques developed for protein and RNA sequencing by Frederick Sanger, Robert Holley, and Carl Woese that were then developed further for DNA sequencing. Following the success of the Human Genome Project, the next generation of DNA sequencing was developed in the mid-2000s. Pyrosequencing was capable of generating orders of magnitude more data at a fraction of the cost, but was superceded within a decade by semiconductor sequencing, reversible chain-termination sequencing, and single-molecule sequencing.

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BIOINFORMATICS APPROACHES TO UNDERSTAND GENE LOOPING IN THE HUMAN GENOME

EPRA International Journal of Research & Development (IJRD) ◽

10.36713/epra7666 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 170-173

Author(s):

Sudheer Menon

Keyword(s):

Rna Polymerase Ii ◽

Human Genome ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Human Genome Project ◽

Genome Project ◽

Department Of Energy ◽

Biological Study ◽

Human Genes ◽

Protein Functions ◽

The Human Genome Project

This paper reviews up to date Bioinformatics Approaches to Understand Gene Looping in the Human Genome. Bioinformatics is used to study the sequences of biological molecules. It generally points out to genes, DNA, RNA, or protein, and is especially functional in analogizing genes and other protein sequences. You can believe in bioinformatics. Basically, the linguistics Bioinformatics uses computer programs for various applications, involving deliberate gene and protein functions. The beginning of the human genome project in 1990 and was completed in 2003. The Human Genome Project gave a prime improvement for the progress of bioinformatics. The (HGP) was organized by the National Institutes of Health and the U.S. Department of Energy. Without the interpretation given via bioinformatics, the information obtained from the HGP is not very functional. This page describes HGP bioinformatics research. Informatics is the formation, exploration, and function of databases. Main aim was to find the total set of human genes and make them available for more biological study and discover the total sequence of DNA bases in the human genome. A total and the correct sequence of the 3 billion DNA base pairs create the human genome and search all approximate 20,000 to 25,000 human genes. The genomes sequence of organisms that are main to medical research. To begin new tools to apply and inspect the data and to assemble this information broadly obtainable. DNA sequencing manufactures a sequence that is particularly a hundred bases long. Gene sequences manufacture thousands of bases. To study genes, small intersecting sequences set up long DNA sequences. Loops can clump associated genes into separate transcriptional axis chromatin from neighboring domains. Gene loops in yeast juxtapose promoter-terminator regions. Here we outline gene loops’ finding, the looping need proteins, and transcription by RNA polymerase II is by gen looping

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DNA Sequencing and the Human Genome Project

Molecular Biology in Cellular Pathology ◽

10.1002/0470867949.ch15 ◽

2003 ◽

pp. 307-328

Author(s):

Philip Bennett

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequencing ◽

Human Genome ◽

Human Genome Project ◽

Genome Project ◽

The Human Genome Project

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Cultivating DNA Sequencing Technology After the Human Genome Project

Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics ◽

10.1146/annurev-genom-111919-082433 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 117-138

Author(s):

Jeffery A. Schloss ◽

Richard A. Gibbs ◽

Vinod B. Makhijani ◽

Andre Marziali

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequencing ◽

Human Genome ◽

Human Genome Project ◽

Technology Development ◽

Genome Project ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Biological Research ◽

Sequencing Technology ◽

Core Technology ◽

The Human Genome Project

When the Human Genome Project was completed in 2003, automated Sanger DNA sequencing with fluorescent dye labels was the dominant technology. Several nascent alternative methods based on older ideas that had not been fully developed were the focus of technical researchers and companies. Funding agencies recognized the dynamic nature of technology development and that, beyond the Human Genome Project, there were growing opportunities to deploy DNA sequencing in biological research. Consequently, the National Human Genome Research Institute of the National Institutes of Health created a program—widely known as the Advanced Sequencing Technology Program—that stimulated all stages of development of new DNA sequencing methods, from innovation to advanced manufacturing and production testing, with the goal of reducing the cost of sequencing a human genome first to $100,000 and then to $1,000. The events of this period provide a powerful example of how judicious funding of academic and commercial partners can rapidly advance core technology developments that lead to profound advances across the scientific landscape.

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