scholarly journals Clear Speech Variants: An Acoustic Study in Parkinson's Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Lam ◽  
Kris Tjaden
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Clear Speech ◽  
Frequency Sound ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
Vowel Space

Purpose The authors investigated how different variants of clear speech affect segmental and suprasegmental acoustic measures of speech in speakers with Parkinson's disease and a healthy control group. Method A total of 14 participants with Parkinson's disease and 14 control participants served as speakers. Each speaker produced 18 different sentences selected from the Sentence Intelligibility Test (Yorkston & Beukelman, 1996). All speakers produced stimuli in 4 speaking conditions (habitual, clear, overenunciate, and hearing impaired). Segmental acoustic measures included vowel space area and first moment (M1) coefficient difference measures for consonant pairs. Second formant slope of diphthongs and measures of vowel and fricative durations were also obtained. Suprasegmental measures included fundamental frequency, sound pressure level, and articulation rate. Results For the majority of adjustments, all variants of clear speech instruction differed from the habitual condition. The overenunciate condition elicited the greatest magnitude of change for segmental measures (vowel space area, vowel durations) and the slowest articulation rates. The hearing impaired condition elicited the greatest fricative durations and suprasegmental adjustments (fundamental frequency, sound pressure level). Conclusions Findings have implications for a model of speech production for healthy speakers as well as for speakers with dysarthria. Findings also suggest that particular clear speech instructions may target distinct speech subsystems.

Fundamental frequency, sound pressure level and vocal dose of a vocal loading test in comparison to a real teaching situation

2014 ◽  
Vol 271 (12) ◽  
pp. 3263-3268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Echternach ◽  
Manfred Nusseck ◽  
Sebastian Dippold ◽  
Claudia Spahn ◽  
Bernhard Richter
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Frequency Sound ◽  
Teaching Situation ◽  
Vocal Dose

Acoustical Characteristics of Intended Syllabic Stress in Excellent Esophageal Speakers

1982 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica McHenry ◽  
Alan Reich ◽  
Fred Minifie
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Stimulus Item ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Frequency Sound ◽  
Primary Stress ◽  
The Mean

The ability of excellent esophageal speakers to manipulate acoustical characteristics associated with intended syllabic stress was studied. Five excellent esophageal speakers and five sex- and age-matched normals produced 10 sentence pairs, each containing a bisyllabic stimulus item differing only in primary stress placement. The mean fundamental frequency, sound pressure level, and duration of the stressed and unstressed vowel nuclei were analyzed. Although some differences in absolute levels were apparent, only sound pressure level differences reached statistical significance. For both groups, intended primary stress was associated with a comparable pattern of increased fundamental frequency, sound pressure level, and duration. The present findings suggest that excellent esophageal speakers are capable of producing some correlates of primary syllabic stress in a fashion remarkably similar to but somewhat less consistent than normals. The implications of these data for long-range clinical planning are discussed.

Contributions of Voice and Nonverbal Communication to Perceived Masculinity–Femininity for Cisgender and Transgender Communicators

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 931-947
Author(s):  
Teresa L. D. Hardy ◽  
Carol A. Boliek ◽  
Daniel Aalto ◽  
Justin Lewicke ◽  
Kristopher Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Presentation Mode ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Presentation Modes ◽  
Audiovisual Stimuli ◽  
Vocal Tract Resonance ◽  
Point Light

Purpose The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to identify a set of communication-based predictors (including both acoustic and gestural variables) of masculinity–femininity ratings and (b) to explore differences in ratings between audio and audiovisual presentation modes for transgender and cisgender communicators. Method The voices and gestures of a group of cisgender men and women ( n = 10 of each) and transgender women ( n = 20) communicators were recorded while they recounted the story of a cartoon using acoustic and motion capture recording systems. A total of 17 acoustic and gestural variables were measured from these recordings. A group of observers ( n = 20) rated each communicator's masculinity–femininity based on 30- to 45-s samples of the cartoon description presented in three modes: audio, visual, and audio visual. Visual and audiovisual stimuli contained point light displays standardized for size. Ratings were made using a direct magnitude estimation scale without modulus. Communication-based predictors of masculinity–femininity ratings were identified using multiple regression, and analysis of variance was used to determine the effect of presentation mode on perceptual ratings. Results Fundamental frequency, average vowel formant, and sound pressure level were identified as significant predictors of masculinity–femininity ratings for these communicators. Communicators were rated significantly more feminine in the audio than the audiovisual mode and unreliably in the visual-only mode. Conclusions Both study purposes were met. Results support continued emphasis on fundamental frequency and vocal tract resonance in voice and communication modification training with transgender individuals and provide evidence for the potential benefit of modifying sound pressure level, especially when a masculine presentation is desired.

Acoustical Effects of Endotracheal Intubation

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey A. Yonick ◽  
Alan R. Reich ◽  
Fred D. Minifie ◽  
B. Raymond Fink
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Endotracheal Intubation ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Surgery ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Laryngeal Trauma

Certain acoustical consequences of endotracheal intubation were examined in 13 male cardiovascular-surgery patients. Each subject recorded three tokens of a sustained vowel 1 day before intubation, 1 day after, upon discharge, and during a follow-up visit. Eight acoustical measures were obtained from the audio-recorded vowels: (a) mean fundamental frequency (Fo), (b) Fostandard deviation, (c) Foperturbation quotient, (d) mean sound pressure level (SPL), (e) SPL standard deviation, (f) SPL perturbation quotient, (g) spectral flatness of the residue signal, and (h) coefficient of excess. Mean Fo, Fostandard deviation, mean SPL, SPL standard deviation, and coefficient of excess did not differ significantly across recording sessions, although certain predictable trends were apparent. Foperturbation quotient, SPL perturbation quotient, and spectral flatness of the residue signal varied significantly across sessions, implying that these acoustical measures may be useful in the identification and monitoring of even minor intubation-related laryngeal trauma.

Evaluating the Influence of Targeted Air Flow on Sound Pressure Level and Closed Quotient

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Michael J. Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Closed Quotient ◽  
Considerable Range

Purpose Measures of estimated subglottal air pressure and translaryngeal air flow enable the researcher or clinician to noninvasively assess aerodynamic features related to respiratory and phonatory function. Our goal was to examine the unique relationship between air flow with sound pressure level (SPL) during syllable production while attempting to hold fundamental frequency and subglottal air pressure relatively constant. Method We completed two studies. Study 1: During syllable production, resultant sound pressure level was measured under conditions of constant fundamental frequency and estimated subglottal air pressure while systematically varying translaryngeal air flow. Study 2: During syllable production, resultant sound pressure level and closed quotient (using laryngeal stroboscopy) were measured under conditions of constant fundamental frequency and estimated subglottal air pressure while systematically varying translaryngeal air flow. Results Study 1: Findings suggest a steady increase in sound pressure level with increases in air flow between 25 cc/s and 150 cc/s. Interestingly, relatively stable mean sound pressure level was maintained over a considerable range of air flow values between 225 and 450 cc/s, suggesting that air flow could be further increased without a marked loss of sound pressure level. Study 2: Findings suggest a systematic increase in mean sound pressure level as supraglottic activity subsided and as the closed quotient decreased from 0.80 to 0.58. Interestingly, sound pressure level was relatively stable as the closed quotient decreased from 0.58 to 0.35. Conclusions Our findings suggest that sound pressure level can be maintained over a considerable range of increasing translaryngeal air flow values and over a considerable range of decreasing closed quotient values. These results provide motivation for investigating the interaction between air flow, glottal closure, and sound pressure level among other measures of phonatory function, with important clinical implications for therapeutic approaches that emphasize increases in air flow and focus on reducing contact between the vocal folds.

Gyro Rock Crusher and Asphalt Plant Sound Power Levels

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry A. Scarton ◽  
Kyle R. Wilt
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Power ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Atmospheric Attenuation ◽  
Frequency Sound ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels ◽  
Rock Crusher

Sound power levels including the distribution into octaves from a large 149 kW (200 horsepower) gyro rock crusher and separate asphalt plant are presented. These NIST-traceable data are needed for estimating sound pressure levels at large distances (such as occurs on adjoining property to a quarry) where atmospheric attenuation may be significant for the higher frequencies. Included are examples of the computed A-weighted sound pressure levels at a distance from the source, including atmospheric attenuation. Substantial low-frequency sound power levels are noted which are greatly reduced in the far-field A-weighted sound pressure level calculations.

scholarly journals Vocal Fundamental Frequency and Sound Pressure Level in Charismatic Speech: A Cross-Gender and -Language Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 808.e1-808.e13
Author(s):  
Rosario Signorello ◽  
Didier Demolin ◽  
Nathalie Henrich Bernardoni ◽  
Bruce R. Gerratt ◽  
Zhaoyan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Language Study ◽  
Vocal Fundamental Frequency
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document