Patterns of Dysfunction in Schizophrenic Patients on an Aphasia Test Battery

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank G. DiSimoni ◽  
Frederic L. Darley ◽  
Arnold E. Aronson
Keyword(s):  
Neurologic Deficit ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Intellectual Impairment ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Twenty-seven schizophrenic patients free of any known neurologic deficit were tested with an aphasia test battery. The objective of the research was to derive a profile of schizophrenic language performance to permit its comparison with the profiles characteristic of aphasia, apraxia of speech, generalized intellectual impairment, and confused language. Results indicate that schizophrenic patients exhibit a profile of language performance distinctive from those found in aphasia, apraxia of speech, confusion, or generalized intellectual impairment and demonstrate that the disruption of language in schizophrenia is not aphasic in nature.

Halstead-Reitan Test Battery: A Problem of Differential Diagnosis

1980 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 611-630
Author(s):  
Irmingard I. Lenzer
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Construct Validation ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Summary Score ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Medical Patients ◽  
Test Taking ◽  
Limited Applicability ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

The Halstead-Reitan Test Battery is one of the most widely recognized neuropsychological test batteries. Many claims have been made as to its validity. Despite these claims, doubts persist. A critical review of the literature shows that the battery can separate brain-damaged patients from normal patients, general medical patients, and patients with certain psychiatric disorders. However, the battery cannot separate brain-damaged patients as a group from schizophrenics as a group, though in individual cases there may exist pathognomonic signs indicating brain damage. The impairment index, as a summary score of the basic tests, as well as other “methods of inference,” fail at this point. Four alternatives are discussed. First, brain-damaged patients differ from schizophrenic patients not in test performance but in test-taking behavior. Second, the battery is a valid measure of brain damage but has limited applicability. Third, the battery is a measure not of brain damage but of degree of degradation of psychological processes. And fourth, schizophrenics perform poorly on the battery because they have undetected brain damage. Only the third and fourth alternatives appear viable. Both question the validity of the traditional criteria of brain damage. It is argued that future validation studies of the battery should be of construct validation type and not of the criterion-oriented type, as these are defined by Cronbach and Meehl (1955). Possible procedures for construct validation are briefly discussed.

Late Onset Involuntary Movements in Chronic Schizophrenia: Relationship of ‘Tardive’ Dyskinesia to Intellectual Impairment and Negative Symptoms

1986 ◽  
Vol 149 (5) ◽  
pp. 616-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Waddington ◽  
H. A. Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Intellectual Impairment ◽  
Medication History ◽  
Involuntary Movements ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Relationship Of

Intellectual impairment, negative symptoms, and medication history were assessed in chronic schizophrenic patients with and without abnormal involuntary movements (tardive dyskinesia). Patients with involuntary movements had received neither longer nor more intensive treatment with neuroleptics or anticholinergics. However, the presence or absence of involuntary movements was prominently associated with the presence or absence of intellectual impairment/negative symptoms; these features are characteristic of the defect state/type II syndrome of schizophrenia, in which structural abnormalities of the brain may be over-represented. The role of subtle organic changes in conferring vulnerability to the emergence of such involuntary movements should be re-evaluated.

scholarly journals Developing a test battery for diagnosis of childhood apraxia of speech in Arabic speakers

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Abdou ◽  
Omayma Afsah ◽  
Hemmat Baz ◽  
Tamer Abou-Elsaad
Keyword(s):  
Speech Sound ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Speech Sound Disorder ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Phonological Disorders ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Egyptian Children ◽  
Arabic Speaking

Abstract Background Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a speech sound disorder in which the precision and consistency of movements underlying speech are impaired in absence of neuromuscular deficits. It is important to differentiate between language disorders and CAS to avoid misdiagnosis. The objective of this study was to develop a test battery for CAS in order to identify its possible presence in Arabic-speaking children, thus allowing the planning of appropriate therapy programs. The constructed test battery for CAS was administered to 70 monolingual Arabic-speaking Egyptian children including 10 children with suspected CAS, 20 children with phonological disorders, and 40 typically developing children. Participants’ responses were statistically analyzed to assess the validity and reliability, and to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of the test battery. Results Statistically significant differences were found between the three groups as regard all subtotal and total scores of CAS test battery with good validity and reliability of the test. Conclusions The constructed test battery for diagnosis of CAS is a reliable, valid, and sensitive tool that can be used to detect the presence of CAS in Arabic-speaking children and differentiate between it and phonological disorders.

Memory impairment in schizophrenia: its extent, affiliations and neuropsychological character

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Tamlyn ◽  
P. J. McKenna ◽  
A. M. Mortimer ◽  
C. E. Lund ◽  
S. Hammond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Anticholinergic Medication ◽  
Intellectual Impairment ◽  
Formal Thought Disorder ◽  
Amnesic Syndrome ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Marked Deficit

SYNOPSISIn a sample of 60 schizophrenic patients encompassing all grades of severity and chronicity memory impairment was found to be prevalent, often substantial, and disproportionate to the overall level of intellectual impairment. The deficits were not easily attributable to poor cooperation, attention or motivation; nor were they related to neuroleptic or anticholinergic medication. Memory impairment was significantly associated with severity and chronicity of illness and also with negative symptoms and formal thought disorder. There was evidence from the sample as a whole, and from a more detailed examination of five patients with relatively isolated deficits, that schizophrenic memory impairment conformed to the pattern seen in the classical amnesic syndrome. Additionally, there was preliminary evidence for a marked deficit in semantic memory.

Differential Language and Neurologic Characteristics in Cerebral Involvement

1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey Halpern ◽  
Frederic L. Darley ◽  
Joe R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Auditory Comprehension ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Intellectual Impairment ◽  
Speech Fluency ◽  
Cerebral Involvement ◽  
Neurogenic Disorder

Four groups of 10 patients, each group having a different neurogenic disorder of communication, were tested for impairment in 10 language categories. Five categories—auditory comprehension, adequacy of response, arithmetic, syntax, and naming—although impaired to some degree in all groups, did not sharply differentiate them. The most strongly differentiating disabilities in the four groups were aphasia—auditory retention span and fluency; apraxia of speech—fluency; confused language—relevance, reading comprehension, and writing of words to dictation; and general intellectual impairment—reading comprehension and auditory retention span (with preservation of relevance). The groups differed also in the onset and duration of the communication difficulty, and in the nature and locus of the neurologic problem.

scholarly journals High Order Linguistic Features Such as Ambiguity Processing as Relevant Diagnostic Markers for Schizophrenia

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ketteler ◽  
Anastasia Theodoridou ◽  
Simon Ketteler ◽  
Matthias Jäger
Keyword(s):  
High Order ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Performance Deficits ◽  
Linguistic Performance ◽  
Order Language ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Schizophrenic Group

Due to the deficits of schizophrenic patients regarding the understanding of vague meanings (D. Ketteler and S. Ketteler (2010)) we develop a special test battery called HOLF (high order linguistic function test), which should be able to detect subtle linguistic performance deficits in schizophrenic patients. HOLF was presented to 40 schizophrenic patients and controls, focussing on linguistic features such as ambiguity, synonymy, hypero-/hyponymy, antinomy, and adages. Using the HOLF test battery we found that schizophrenic patients showed significant difficulties in discriminating ambiguities, hypero- and hyponymy, or synonymy compared to healthy controls. Antonyms and adages showed less significant results in comparing both groups. The more difficult a linguistic task was, the more confusion was measured in the schizophrenic group while healthy controls did not show significant problems in processing high order language tasks.

Confabulation in schizophrenia and its relationship to clinical and neuropsychological features of the disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1403-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. LORENTE-ROVIRA ◽  
E. POMAROL-CLOTET ◽  
R. A. McCARTHY ◽  
G. E. BERRIOS ◽  
P. J. McKENNA
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Intellectual Impairment ◽  
Neurological Patients ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Executive Impairment

ABSTRACTBackgroundA form of confabulation has been documented in schizophrenia and appears to be related to the symptom of thought disorder. It is unclear whether it is associated with the same pattern of neuropsychological deficits as confabulation in neurological patients.MethodThirty-four patients with chronic schizophrenia, including those with and without thought disorder, and 17 healthy controls were given a fable recall task to elicit confabulation. They were also examined on a range of executive, episodic and semantic memory tests.ResultsConfabulation was seen at a significantly higher rate in the schizophrenic patients than the controls, and predominated in those with thought disorder. Neuropsychologically, it was not a function of general intellectual impairment, and was not clearly related to episodic memory or executive impairment. However, there were indications of an association with semantic memory impairment.ConclusionsThe findings support the existence of a form of confabulation in schizophrenia that is related to thought disorder and has a different neuropsychological signature to the neurological form of the symptom.

The Diagnostic Significance of Overinclusive Thinking in an Unselected Psychiatric Population

1972 ◽  
Vol 120 (555) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Payne ◽  
D. V. Hawks ◽  
D. Friedlander ◽  
D. S. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sorting Test

Cameron (1938, 1939) suggested that schizophrenic thought disorder is largely the result of overinclusive thinking, which he defined as the inability to preserve conceptual boundaries. Payne, Matussek and George (1959) developed a battery of objective measures of overinclusive thinking, which they found differentiated between an acute schizophrenic and a neurotic control group. Payne and Hewlett (1960) found that a battery of tests of overinclusive thinking intercorrelated as expected. They were able to obtain a factor score from their overinclusion test battery which differentiated a group of acute schizophrenic patients from control groups of depressives, neurotics and normal subjects. Payne and Friedlander (1962), on the basis of this factorial study, suggested a short battery of three measures of overinclusive thinking consisting of the number of ‘Non-A’ or unusual responses to the Object Classification Test (Payne, 1962), the average number of words used in explaining the Benjamin Proverbs given under special 'stress free’ instructions, and the average number of objects classified together in the ‘handing over’ section of the Goldstein-Scheerer Object Sorting Test. This standard test battery has been the operational definition of overinclusive thinking in a number of studies. Only one study of the reliability of this test battery appears to have been carried out. Hawks and Payne (1971) report the correlations obtained from a group of 54 psychiatric inpatients who were retested after a 4-day interval. The test-retest correlation coefficient (uncorrected) obtained from the Combined Transformed score (Payne and Friedlander, 1962) was 0 · 87. The reliabilities of the individual tests ranged from 0·77 to 0·86.

Abnormalities of Psychomotor Development in Schizophrenia: A Rehabilitation Perspective

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Provenza ◽  
Simona Di Rosa ◽  
Paolo Cavedini ◽  
Francesca Tosoni ◽  
Monica Alietti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Battery ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Inherent Feature ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

This study was an evaluation of the psychomotor profiles of 22 schizophrenic patients, investigated by means of a test battery developed for the assessment of psychomotor profiles of 10- to 12-year-old children. Analysis indicates chat abnormal psychomotor development is an inherent feature of the disease and probably is antecedent to a full psychopathological picture.

Pragmatic Language Performance of Children Adopted Internationally

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-514
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Hwa-Froelich ◽  
Hisako Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
False Belief ◽  
Pragmatic Language ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
Emotion Identification ◽  
False Belief Understanding ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Pragmatic Communication ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Purpose Pragmatic language is important for social communication across all settings. Children adopted internationally (CAI) may be at risk of poorer pragmatic language because of adverse early care, delayed adopted language development, and less ability to inhibit. The purpose of this study was to compare pragmatic language performance of CAI from Asian and Eastern European countries with a nonadopted group of children who were of the same age and from similar socioeconomic backgrounds as well as explore the relationship among emotion identification, false belief understanding, and inhibition variables with pragmatic language performance. Method Using a quasi-experimental design, 35 four-year-old CAI (20 Asian, 15 Eastern European) and 33 children who were not adopted were included in this study. The children's pragmatic language, general language, and social communication (emotion identification of facial expressions, false belief understanding, inhibition) were measured. Comparisons by region of origin and adoption experience were completed. We conducted split-half correlation analyses and entered significant correlation variables into simple and backward regression models. Results Pragmatic language performance differed by adoption experience. The adopted and nonadopted groups demonstrated different correlation patterns. Language performance explained most of the pragmatic language variance. Discussion Because CAI perform less well than their nonadopted peers on pragmatic communication measures and different variables are related to their pragmatic performance, speech-language pathologists may need to adapt assessment and intervention practices for this population.

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