Speech Modification by a Deaf Child through Dynamic Orometric Modeling and Feedback

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel G. Fletcher ◽  
Akira Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Deaf Child ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Contact Patterns ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Tongue Position ◽  
Feedback Program

Baseline physiologic, acoustic, and phonetic data are presented to characterize speech production of 3 ½-year-old deaf girl prior to a visual articulatory modeling and feedback program. These observations suggest that she used an articulatory strategy based on visual information about lip and jaw movements rather than tongue positions as a primary means of differentiating speech sounds. The training program which followed used instrumentally generated displays of tongue position and movements to teach production of the /i/ and /a/ vowels in single and bisyllable word contexts. Linguapalatal contact patterns for the consonant /t/ were then introduced and taught in combinations with the vowels. Goal articulatory gestures were learned rapidly with respect to both positional and timing features of speech.

scholarly journals Quick compensatory mechanisms for tongue posture stabilization during speech production

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 2491-2503
Author(s):  
Takayuki Ito ◽  
Andrew Szabados ◽  
Jean-Loup Caillet ◽  
Pascal Perrier
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
Reflex Mechanism ◽  
Mathematical Simulations ◽  
Tongue Position ◽  
Posture Stabilization

This study presents evidence of quick compensatory mechanisms in tongue motor control for speech production. The tongue posture is controlled not in relation to a specific tongue position, but to the shape of the tongue contour to achieve specific speech sounds. Modulation of compensatory responses due to task demands and mathematical simulations support the idea that the quick compensatory response is driven by a reflex mechanism.

Effects of the availability of visual information and presence of competing conversations on speech production

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Aubanel ◽  
Martin Cooke ◽  
Emma Foster ◽  
Maria Luisa Garcia Lecumberri ◽  
Catherine Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Visual Information

Interaction between Auditory and Oral Sensory Feedback in Speech Regulation

1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Fucci ◽  
Michael A. Crary ◽  
Joseph A. Warren ◽  
Z. S. Bond
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Auditory Masking ◽  
Vibrotactile Thresholds ◽  
Oral Sensory ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Feedback Modalities

To investigate the interaction between the auditory and oral sensory feedback modalities during speech production lingual vibrotactile thresholds were obtained from subjects in the following conditions: (1) before and after speech production with normal auditory feedback, (2) before and after speech production under exposure to auditory masking, and (3) before and after exposure to auditory masking without performing speech tasks. In addition duration measurements were obtained for selected speech sounds to investigate temporal changes in the articulatory patterns of subjects in the various conditions. Lingual sensory decreases and temporal reorganization were observed only in subjects speaking under auditory masking. These data suggest a balanced interaction between auditory and oral sensory feedback modalities which, when disturbed, results in non-phonemic change in speech production.

Tongue Activity During Respiration, Jaw Opening, and Swallowing in Cat

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1009-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan A. Lowe ◽  
Barry J. Sessle
Keyword(s):  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Jaw Opening ◽  
Tongue Position

Some of the factors involved in the control of tongue position have been investigated. The electromyographic activity reported here provides evidence that genioglossus, the protrusive muscle of the tongue, is under the control of physiological processes associated with respiration, jaw movements, and swallowing. Additional studies are in progress to define further the neutral mechanisms underlying these effects.

scholarly journals Auditory predictions and prediction errors in response to self-initiated vowels

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Knolle ◽  
Michael Schwartze ◽  
Erich Schröger ◽  
Sonja A. Kotz
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Button Press ◽  
List Type ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Suppression Effect ◽  
Auditory Speech ◽  
Internal Forward Model ◽  
Processing Activity

AbstractIt has been suggested that speech production is accomplished by an internal forward model, reducing processing activity directed to self-produced speech in the auditory cortex. The current study uses an established N1-suppression paradigm comparing self- and externally-initiated natural speech sounds to answer two questions:Are forward predictions generated to process complex speech sounds, such as vowels, initiated via a button press?Are prediction errors regarding self-initiated deviant vowels reflected in the corresponding ERP components?Results confirm an N1-suppression in response to self-initiated speech sounds. Furthermore, our results suggest that predictions leading to the N1-suppression effect are specific, as self-initiated deviant vowels do not elicit an N1-suppression effect. Rather, self-initiated deviant vowels elicit an enhanced N2b and P3a compared to externally-generated deviants, externally-generated standard, or self-initiated standards, again confirming prediction specificity.Results show that prediction errors are salient in self-initiated auditory speech sounds, which may lead to more efficient error correction in speech production.

Selective phonological impairment: a case of apraxia of speech

Phonology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Dogil ◽  
Jörg Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Feature Representation ◽  
Speech Comprehension ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Phonological Structure ◽  
Phonetic Representation

The present study proposes a new interpretation of the underlying distortion in APRAXIA OF SPEECH. Apraxia of speech, in its pure form, is the only neurolinguistic syndrome for which it can be argued that phonological structure is selectively distorted.Apraxia of speech is a nosological entity in its own right which co-occurs with aphasia only occasionally. This…conviction rests on detailed descriptions of patients who have a severe and lasting disorder of speech production in the absence of any significant impairment of speech comprehension, reading or writing as well as of any significant paralysis or weakness of the speech musculature.(Lebrun 1990: 380)Based on the experimental investigation of poorly coarticulated speech of patients from two divergent languages (German and Xhosa) it is argued that apraxia of speech has to be seen as a defective implementation of phonological representations at the phonology–phonetics interface. We contend that phonological structure exhibits neither a homogeneously auditory pattern nor a motor pattern, but a complex encoding of sequences of speech sounds. Specifically, it is maintained that speech is encoded in the brain as a sequence of distinctive feature configurations. These configurations are specified with differing degrees of detail depending on the role the speech segments they underlie play in the phonological structure of a language. The transfer between phonological and phonetic representation encodes speech sounds as a sequence of vocal tract configurations. Like the distinctive feature representation, these configurations may be more or less specified. We argue that the severe and lasting disorders in speech production observed in apraxia of speech are caused by the distortion of this transfer between phonological and phonetic representation. The characteristic production deficits of apraxic patients are explained in terms of overspecification of phonetic representations.

Some Organizational Characteristics of Speech Movement Control

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent L. Gracco
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Organizational Characteristics ◽  
Motor Programming ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Oral Opening ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
Speech Motor

The neuromotor organization for a class of speech sounds (bilabials) was examined to evaluate the control principles underlying speech as a sensorimotor process. Oral opening and closing actions for the consonants /p/, /b/, and /m/ (C1) in /s V1 C1 V2 C2/ context, where V1 was either /ae/ or /i/, V2 was /ae/, and C2 was /p/, were analyzed from 4 subjects. The timing of oral opening and closing action was found to be a significant variable differentiating bilabial consonants. Additionally, opening and closing actions were found to covary along a number of dimensions implicating the movement cycle as the minimal unit of speech motor programming. The sequential adjustments of the lips and jaw varied systematically with phonetic context reflecting the different functional roles of these articulators in the production of consonants and vowels. The implication of these findings for speech production is discussed.

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