Utterance Length, Syntactic Complexity, and Childhood Stuttering

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Scott Yaruss
Keyword(s):  
Complexity Analysis ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Conversational Speech ◽  
Clause Structure ◽  
Play Interactions ◽  
Utterance Length ◽  
Better Than

This study examined relationships among utterance length, syntactic complexity, and stuttering in children's conversational speech. Analyses extended prior research by examining several different aspects of syntactic complexity, including sentence structure, clause structure, and phrase structure. Subjects were 12 boys who stutter, age 40 to 66 months, who produced 75-utterance conversational speech samples during free-play interactions with their mothers. Group analyses revealed significant differences between fluent and stuttered utterances in terms of all measures of utterance length and several measures of syntactic complexity. Analysis of the relationships between utterance length and syntactic complexity identified several measures of syntactic complexity that influenced stuttering and were independent of utterance length. Logistic regression analyses revealed that utterance length was better than syntactic complexity at predicting whether stuttering would occur, though neither utterance length nor syntactic complexity was a particularly strong predictor for individual subjects' data. Thus, findings suggest that utterance length and syntactic complexity cannot, by themselves, adequately account for the occurrence of stuttering in children's conversational utterances.

Infant-directed speech as a simplified but not simple register: a longitudinal study of lexical and syntactic features

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-44
Author(s):  
Giuliana GENOVESE ◽  
Maria SPINELLI ◽  
Leonor J. ROMERO LAURO ◽  
Tiziana AURELI ◽  
Giulia CASTELLETTI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Free Play ◽  
First Year ◽  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
High Occurrence ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
Play Interactions ◽  
Vocal Productions ◽  
Over Time

AbstractInfant-directed speech (IDS) is a specific register that adults use to address infants, and it is characterised by prosodic exaggeration and lexical and syntactic simplification. Several authors have underlined that this simplified speech becomes more complex according to the infant's age. However, there is a lack of studies on lexical and syntactic modifications in Italian IDS during the first year of an infant's life. In the present study, 80 mother–infant dyads were longitudinally observed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months during free-play interactions. Maternal vocal productions were subsequently coded. The results show an overall low lexical variability and syntactic complexity that identify speech to infants as a simplified register; however, the high occurrence of complex items and well-structured utterances suggests that IDS is not simple speech. Moreover, maternal IDS becomes more complex over time, but not linearly, with a maximum simplification in the second half of the first year.

Examining the Role of Language in Play Among Children With and Without Developmental Disabilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 795-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Short ◽  
Rachael Cooper Schindler ◽  
Rita Obeid ◽  
Maia M. Noeder ◽  
Laura E. Hlavaty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Play Skills ◽  
Critical Aspect ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Better Than

Purpose Play is a critical aspect of children's development, and researchers have long argued that symbolic deficits in play may be diagnostic of developmental disabilities. This study examined whether deficits in play emerge as a function of developmental disabilities and whether our perceptions of play are colored by differences in language and behavioral presentations. Method Ninety-three children participated in this study (typically developing [TD]; n = 23, developmental language disorders [DLD]; n = 24, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]; n = 26, and autism spectrum disorder [ASD]; n = 20). Children were videotaped engaging in free-play. Children's symbolic play (imagination, organization, elaboration, and comfort) was scored under conditions of both audible language and no audible language to assess diagnostic group differences in play and whether audible language impacted raters' perception of play. Results Significant differences in play were evident across diagnostic groups. The presence of language did not alter play ratings for the TD group, but differences were found among the other diagnostic groups. When language was audible, children with DLD and ASD (but not ADHD) were scored poorly on play compared to their TD peers. When language was not audible, children with DLD were perceived to play better than when language was audible. Conversely, children with ADHD showed organizational deficits when language was not available to support their play. Finally, children with ASD demonstrated poor play performance regardless of whether language was audible or not. Conclusions Language affects our understanding of play skills in some young children. Parents, researchers, and clinicians must be careful not to underestimate or overestimate play based on language presentation. Differential skills in language have the potential to unduly influence our perceptions of play for children with developmental disabilities.

scholarly journals Korean College EFL Learners’ Task Motivation in Written Language Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bomin Kim ◽  
Haedong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
L2 Writing ◽  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
Choice Condition ◽  
College Level ◽  
Task Motivation ◽  
Written Production ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Topic Choice

<p>The aims of the present study were to explore the effects of two different types of task conditions (topic choice vs. no choice) on the quality of written production in a second language (lexical complexity, syntactic complexity, and cohesion) and to investigate the effects of these two different task conditions on task motivation. This research was conducted by means of a task motivation questionnaire and a collation of the writings of 31 Korean college students learning English as a foreign language. The data was analyzed using Coh-Metrix 3.0. The major findings were as follows: 1) The writings of participants in the topic choice condition were better than those in the no-choice condition in terms of lexical sophistication and temporal cohesion. However, participants’ written production in the no-choice condition was better than that in the topic choice condition in terms of syntactic complexity. 2) The participants’ task motivation levels were higher for the perceived choice domain in the topic choice condition than in the no-choice condition. These findings should help L2 writing instructors, materials developers, and researchers to design L2 writing instruction with a focus on written production specifically for Korean college-level learners.</p>

scholarly journals Analysis of the Perfect Table Fuzzy Rainbow Tradeoff

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byoung-Il Kim ◽  
Jin Hong
Keyword(s):  
Complexity Analysis ◽  
Digital Documents ◽  
Time Memory Tradeoff ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Do So

Cryptanalytic time memory tradeoff algorithms are tools for inverting one-way functions, and they are used in practice to recover passwords that restrict access to digital documents. This work provides an accurate complexity analysis of the perfect table fuzzy rainbow tradeoff algorithm. Based on the analysis results, we show that the lesser known fuzzy rainbow tradeoff performs better than the original rainbow tradeoff, which is widely believed to be the best tradeoff algorithm. The fuzzy rainbow tradeoff can attain higher online efficiency than the rainbow tradeoff and do so at a lower precomputation cost.

Stuttering Frequency in Relation to Lexical Diversity, Syntactic Complexity, and Utterance Length

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy A. Wagovich ◽  
Nancy E. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Growth Time ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
Lexical Diversity ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Utterance Length ◽  
Language Growth ◽  
Lexical Content

Children’s frequency of stuttering can be affected by utterance length, syntactic complexity, and lexical content of language. Using a unique small-scale within-subjects design, this study explored whether language samples that contain more stuttering have (a) longer, (b) syntactically more complex, and (c) lexically more diverse utterances than samples that contain less stuttering. Children who stutter, ages 2 years 1 month to 4 years 11 months, produced 10 monthly language samples. For each child, samples were divided into the first five (early) and the last five (later). Utterance length, syntactic complexity, and lexical diversity analyses were performed on samples that contained the most and least stuttering for early and later samples. For the later samples but not the early ones, samples with the most stuttering contained longer mean lengths of utterance, more diverse vocabulary overall, and greater syntactic complexity than samples with the least stuttering. Contributions of language growth, time, and specific linguistic factors are discussed.

scholarly journals Linguistic Factors Influencing Speech Audiometric Assessment

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Coene ◽  
Stefanie Krijger ◽  
Matthias Meeuws ◽  
Geert De Ceulaer ◽  
Paul J. Govaerts
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Verbal Morphology ◽  
Function Words ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
And Function ◽  
Verbal Repetition ◽  
Cognitive Cost

In speech audiometric testing, hearing performance is typically measured by calculating the number of correct repetitions of a speech stimulus. We investigate to what extent the repetition accuracy of Dutch speech stimuli presented against a background noise is influenced by nonauditory processes. We show that variation in verbal repetition accuracy is partially explained by morpholexical and syntactic features of the target language. Verbs, prepositions, conjunctions, determiners, and pronouns yield significantly lower correct repetitions than nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. The reduced repetition performance for verbs and function words is probably best explained by the similarities in the perceptual nature of verbal morphology and function words in Dutch. For sentences, an overall negative effect of syntactic complexity on speech repetition accuracy was found. The lowest number of correct repetitions was obtained with passive sentences, reflecting the cognitive cost of processing a noncanonical sentence structure. Taken together, these findings may have important implications for the audiological practice. In combination with hearing loss, linguistic complexity may increase the cognitive demands to process sentences in noise, leading to suboptimal functional hearing in day-to-day listening situations. Using test sentences with varying degrees of syntactic complexity may therefore provide useful information to measure functional hearing benefits.

scholarly journals Vocal and Tactile Input to Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 2372-2385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Abu-Zhaya ◽  
Maria V. Kondaurova ◽  
Derek Houston ◽  
Amanda Seidl
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Temporal Alignment ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Tactile Input ◽  
Play Interactions ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Maternal Speech

Purpose Caregivers may show greater use of nonauditory signals in interactions with children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH). This study explored the frequency of maternal touch and the temporal alignment of touch with speech in the input to children who are DHH and age-matched peers with normal hearing. Method We gathered audio and video recordings of mother–child free-play interactions. Maternal speech units were annotated from audio recordings, and touch events were annotated from video recordings. Analyses explored the frequency and duration of touch events and the temporal alignment of touch with speech. Results Greater variance was observed in the frequency of touch and its total duration in the input to children who are DHH. Furthermore, touches produced by mothers of children who are DHH were significantly more likely to be aligned with speech than touches produced by mothers of children with normal hearing. Conclusion Caregivers' modifications in the input to children who are DHH are observed in the combination of speech with touch. The implications for such patterns and how they may impact children's attention and access to the speech signal are discussed.

scholarly journals Suffix-based double reader tag movement RFID anti-collision method

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haochen Lv ◽  
Xiaowu Li ◽  
Lianyin Jia ◽  
Runxin Li ◽  
Jiaman Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complexity Analysis ◽  
Time Slot ◽  
Fixed Number ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Cloud Platform ◽  
Recognition Time ◽  
Slot Aloha ◽  
Tag Loss ◽  
Recognition Efficiency ◽  
Better Than

AbstractAt present, some existing tag anti-collision algorithms are used mostly in scenarios of fixed number of tags and they perform poorly in tag moving scenarios. Therefore, this paper proposes a double reader tag movement RFID anti-collision method based on suffix, and through the cloud platform based on cloud computing, the supply chain data sharing is realized. Tag moving scenarios usually use a single reader. The proposed employs double reader to expand the recognition range and also to prolong the recognition time, but there is the problem of repeated recognition. This article proposes a suffix-based bit-slot ALOHA (SBSA) algorithm, where this problem is solved and the time-slot is reduced. In view of the problem that a large number of tags entering into the recognition area of readers lead to the reduction of the recognition efficiency. This article proposes a suffix-based tag group bit-slot ALOHA (STGBSA) algorithm, tag grouping and tag estimation methods are proposed. Complexity analysis is deployed in this article, from the perspective of the tag loss ratio and identification efficiency, the performances of various anti-collision algorithms are evaluated and compared with those of the existing methods. The simulation results show that the method proposed in this paper is better than the existing methods.

scholarly journals Derivational affixes in Japanese and Indonesian

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Lien Darlina
Keyword(s):  
Basic Sequence ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Clause Structure ◽  
Basic Form ◽  
Linguistic Typology ◽  
Sequence Pattern ◽  
The Core ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Morphological Processes ◽  
Agglutinative Language

Japanese and Indonesian seen from morphological typology is an agglutinative language in which the morphological processes are done by affixation, ie by adding prefixes, suffixes and infixes. While the basic sequence sentence structure has a SOV sequence pattern for Japanese and SVO for Indonesian language. The predicate filled by the verb is capable of binding arguments in constructing the clause structure, so that there are verbs with one, two and three arguments, it depends on the type of verb. This study is a preliminary study of Japanese and Indonesian derivative verbs: the study of linguistic typology. The Theory of Linguistic Typology is used to analyze the formation of Japanese and Indonesian derivative verbs in which the verb serves as the core of the predicate to bind the argument in constructing the clause structure. From the perspective of linguistic typology, the results of the analysis show that (1) the basic form of Japanese derivative verb formers are adjectives (keiyoushi) and noun verbs, whereas Indonesian derivative verbs are derived from adjectives, nouns and pre-categorical. (2) The Japanese derivation affixes joining the adjective (keiyoushi) are -める meru, -まるmaru, -がるgaru’, -むmu and which joins the noun verb is -するsuru.  While the derivational affix of the Indonesian language that joined the nouns are meng-, ber-, ter-, ke-an, ber-an, ber-kan, per-, -i, per-i, per-kan,  the affix that joins the adjective are meng-, ber-, ter-, ke-an, ber-an, ber-kan, per-, -kan, per-i, dan –i and the affixes that join the pre-categorical are meng-, ter-, ber-, ber-an, -i,-kan.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document