Effects of inter-row hoeing and fertilizer placement on weed growth and yield of winter wheat

This study was carried out to determine if winter wheat in southwestern Ontario should be grown in rows narrower than the conventional 18 cm and if the current recommended seed rate of 3.2 million seeds ha−1 (msh) is adequate. We compared the effect of 10- and 20-cm row spacings and 1.6, 3.2, and 6.4 msh seed rates on grain yield, weed growth and yield of underseeded clover. Row spacing at a constant seed rate did not affect yield. With increasing seed rate there was an increase in yield, mainly through more heads per unit area, which more than compensated for a decrease in seeds per head. Narrow rows reduced the number of lamb’s-quarters and the overall weed count. The optimum seed rate for grain yield was 6.4 msh for ratios of seed cost:crop value less than 1.34. Key words: Narrow rows, weeds, yield, economic optimum

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Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on growth and yield of semi-dwarf and tall varieties of winter wheat

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600056604 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 91 (1) ◽

pp. 31-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

I. Pearman ◽

S. M. Thomas ◽

G. N. Thorne

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Dry Weight ◽

The Other ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Main Effects ◽

Dwarf Variety

SummaryEight amounts of nitrogen ranging from 0 to 210 kg N/ha were applied to two tall and one semi-dwarf variety of winter wheat in the spring of 1975 and 1976. The tall varieties were Cappelle-Desprez and Maris Huntsman; the semi-dwarf variety was Maris Fundin in 1975 and Hobbit in 1976. Interactions between varieties and nitrogen were few and small compared with the main effects. All varieties produced their maximum grain yields with 180 kg N/ha. The yield of the semi-dwarf varieties, but not the others, decreased slightly with more nitrogen.Cappelle-Desprez yielded less grain than the other varieties in both years. In 1975 the yields of Maris Fundin and Maris Huntsman were similar and in 1976 Hobbit yielded more than Maris Huntsman. The varieties had similar numbers of ears at maturity and similar patterns of tillering. The semi-dwarf varieties had most grains per spikelet, and hence grains per ear, and Cappelle-Desprez had least. The semi-dwarf varieties had the smallest grains. The semi-dwarf varieties had less straw than the other varieties and hence the largest ratios of grain to total above-ground dry weight. The decrease in dry weight of stem and leaves between anthesis and maturity was similar for all varieties. In 1975 the efficiency of the top two leaves plus top internode in producing grain was the same for all varieties, but in 1976 Hobbit was more efficient than the other two. There were some small differences between varieties in nutrient uptake that were not related to differences in growth. Maris Fundin tended to have a greater phosphorus and potassium content than the tall varieties. Hobbit contained slightly less nitrogen than the tall varieties at maturity, and had a smaller concentration of nitrogen in the grain.Applying 210 kg N/ha doubled grain yield in 1975. Applying nitrogen resulted in a largeincrease in number of ears and a small increase in number of grains per ear due to the development of more fertile spikelets per ear. Nitrogen decreased dry weight per grain, especially of the semi-dwarf varieties. With extra nitrogen, straw dry weight at maturity, shoot dry weight atanthesis and leaf area were all increased relatively more than grain yield, and stems lost moredry weight between anthesis and maturity than without nitrogen. The year 1976 was exceptionallydry and nitrogen had only small effects in that it affected neither straw dry weight nor numberof ears but slightly increased grain yield by increasing the number of spikelets and number of grains per spikelet. It also increased leaf area proportionately to grain yield. In 1975 nitrogen increased evaporation of water from the crop before anthesis but decreased it after anthesis, even though it continued to increase the extraction of water from below 90 cm.

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Effects of Three Fertilization Methods on Weed Growth and Herbicide Performance in Soilless Nursery Substrates1

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-36.4.133 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 133-139

Author(s):

Cody J. Stewart ◽

S. Christopher Marble ◽

Brian E. Jackson ◽

Brian J. Pearson ◽

P. Christopher Wilson

Keyword(s):

Fertilizer Treatment ◽

Fertility Rates ◽

Weed Species ◽

Fertilizer Placement ◽

Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽

Fertilizer Rate ◽

Weed Growth ◽

Eclipta Prostrata ◽

Preemergence Herbicides ◽

Large Crabgrass

Abstract Research objectives were to determine the effect of fertilization method (incorporation, subdress, and topdress) on weed growth and the performance of preemergence herbicides applied to soilless substrates. Nursery containers were filled with a pine bark:peat substrate and fertilized at two different rates [4.4 and 9.5 kg.m−3 (8.9 and 19.2 lb.yd−3)] via topdressing, subdressing, or incorporating. Containers were treated with either dimethenamid-P for spotted spurge (Euphorbia maculata L.), flumioxazin for eclipta (Eclipta prostrata L.) or prodiamine for large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.). A control was established for each fertilizer rate/placement and weed species that was not treated. Incorporating or subdressing fertilizer resulted in reduced large crabgrass and spotted spurge growth in non-treated containers. Weeds grew larger at the higher fertility rates in both topdress and incorporated treatments but fertilizer rate did not affect growth of spotted spurge or large crabgrass when fertilizers were subdressed. Herbicides generally provided commercially acceptable weed control regardless of fertilizer treatment, but results varied with species. Results suggest that in the absence of herbicides, topdressing may result in greater weed growth compared with subdressing or incorporating fertilizers; however, fertilizer placement will have less impact on herbicide performance if proper herbicides are chosen and applied correctly. Index words: topdress, subdress, incorporate, large crabgrass, eclipta, spotted spurge, preemergence Chemicals used in this study: Flumioxazin (SureGuard®); 2-[7-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-4-(2-propynyl)-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-isoindole1,3(2H)-dione; Dimethenamid-P (Tower) 2-chloro-N-[(2,4-dimethyl-3-thienyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide; Prodiamine (Barricade) 2,4-dinitro-N3, N3-dipropyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-benzenediamine (Barricade®) Species used in this study: Large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.); Eclipta (Eclipta prostrata L.); Spotted spurge (Euphorbia maculata L.)

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The effect of different preceding crops on the development, growth and yield of winter wheat

European Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1016/s1161-0301(14)80058-0 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 21-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

O. Christen ◽

K. Sieling ◽

H. Hanus

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Growth And Yield

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Effects of Injected Liquid Cattle Manure on Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat and Soil Characteristics

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj2003.5920 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 95 (3) ◽

pp. 592-596 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Theodora Matsi ◽

Anastasios S. Lithourgidis ◽

Athanasios A. Gagianas

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Soil Characteristics ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

Growth And Yield

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Growth and yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) and corn (Zea maysL.) near a high voltage transmission line

Bioelectromagnetics ◽

10.1002/bem.10069 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 91-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

G. Soja ◽

B. Kunsch ◽

M. Gerzabek ◽

T. Reichenauer ◽

A.-M. Soja ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Transmission Line ◽

High Voltage ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

High Voltage Transmission Line ◽

High Voltage Transmission

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Fertilizer Placement Affects Jointed Goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) Competition In Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00041889 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 374-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Abdel O. Mesbah ◽

Stephen D. Miller

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Fertilizer Placement ◽

Aegilops Cylindrica ◽

Plant Seeds ◽

Placement Method ◽

Jointed Goatgrass ◽

Injection Methods

A 3-yr study was conducted in eastern Wyoming from 1995 to 1997 to evaluate the effect of fertilizer placement on jointed goatgrass competitiveness with winter wheat. Fertilizer placement methods consisted of applying 45 kg/ha of nitrogen (50% as urea and 50% as ammonium nitrate) in a deep band 5 cm below and 2.5 cm to the side of the wheat row, broadcasting on the soil surface, or injecting fertilizer by spoke wheel 10 cm deep and 5 cm to the side of the wheat row. Neither fertilizer placement nor jointed goatgrass presence affected winter wheat stand. Wheat yield reductions from jointed goatgrass competition were 7 and 10% higher with the broadcast than deep-band or spoke-wheel injection methods, respectively. Wheat spikes/plant, seeds/spike, 200-seed weight, and plant height were not influenced by fertilizer placement; however, the presence of 35 jointed goatgrass plants/m2reduced spikes/plant 21%, seeds/spike 12%, and 200-seed weight 6%. Jointed goatgrass populations were not influenced by fertilizer placement method; however, the number of spikes/plant was reduced 8 and 10%, joints/spike 3%, and biomass 15 and 21% by deep band or spoke wheel fertilizer placement.

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