scholarly journals Row-spacing and seed-rate effects on winter wheat in Ontario

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Teich ◽  
T. Welacky ◽  
A. Hamill ◽  
A. Smid
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters

This study was carried out to determine if winter wheat in southwestern Ontario should be grown in rows narrower than the conventional 18 cm and if the current recommended seed rate of 3.2 million seeds ha−1 (msh) is adequate. We compared the effect of 10- and 20-cm row spacings and 1.6, 3.2, and 6.4 msh seed rates on grain yield, weed growth and yield of underseeded clover. Row spacing at a constant seed rate did not affect yield. With increasing seed rate there was an increase in yield, mainly through more heads per unit area, which more than compensated for a decrease in seeds per head. Narrow rows reduced the number of lamb’s-quarters and the overall weed count. The optimum seed rate for grain yield was 6.4 msh for ratios of seed cost:crop value less than 1.34. Key words: Narrow rows, weeds, yield, economic optimum

Seed rates for soft white winter wheat in southwestern Ontario

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1071-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Teich ◽  
A. Smid
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Heat Units ◽  
Key Words Wheat ◽  
Obsolete Cultivars

This study was undertaken to determine the optimum seed rate for soft white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars currently grown in southwestern Ontario (> 2900 corn heat units) where 65% of Ontario’s wheat is grown. The currently recommended density of 240–400 plants m−2 was determined using obsolete cultivars. Two popular cultivars, Harus, which tillers abundantly, and Rebecca, which tillers less, were grown from 100 to 600 seeds m−2 in increments of 100. The optimum seed rate for grain yield was 435 seeds m−2. This rate appears to be suitable for a range of genotypes adapted to southwestern Ontario. There was no interaction for yield among cultivars, years and locations. Yield was not related to tillering capacity, as the lower the plant density the more seeds there were per head. Key words: Wheat (winter), seed rate, tillering

scholarly journals Response of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata, L., Walp) to inter-row spacing and weed competition

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Joseph Aremu Adigun ◽  
Olusegun Raphael Adeyemi ◽  
Olumide Samuel Daramola ◽  
Patience Mojibade Olorunmaiye
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Density And Biomass

AbstractWeed infestation is one of the major factors attributed for the poor yield of cowpea in Nigeria and other parts of sub-Sahara Africa (SSA). Field trials were therefore conducted to evaluate the effect of row spacing and different weeding levels on weed control, growth and yield of cowpea during the early and late wet seasons of 2009. In both seasons, the use of 60 cm row spacing resulted in significant (P < 0.05) reduction in weed density by 18 – 39% and weed biomass by 17 – 27% with subsequent increase in cowpea growth and grain yield than 75 and 90 cm row spacing. Cowpea grain yield increased by 67 – 109% in the early season and 24 – 56% in the late season at 60 compared to 75 and 90 cm row spacing. Hoe weeding reduced weed growth significantly in both seasons with the lowest weed density and biomass recorded in plots weeded thrice. However, this was not significantly different from weed density and biomass recorded with two weedings in both seasons. Hoe weeding twice resulted in optimum growth and grain yield of cowpea. An additional weeding, however, did not improve cowpea growth and yield in both seasons. The results of this study showed that narrow (60 cm) inter-row spacing and two hoe weedings at 3 and 6 weeks after sowing (WAS) will improve weed control and productivity of cowpea. Additional weeding is considered superfluous.

scholarly journals Effect of Row Spacing and Seed Rate on Ascochyta Blight Severity and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Tunisia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ouji ◽  
S. Chekali ◽  
N. Chaieb ◽  
R. Hajri ◽  
M. Ben Younes
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Ascochyta Rabiei ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Background: In Tunisia, chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the second major food legume. The development of chickpea production is facing several biotic constraints. Ascochyta blight (ABL) caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr. is the most devastating disease and can cause complete yield losses under favorable conditions. In absence of chickpea variety totally resistance to ABL, some methods should be used to control and reduce this disease effects and help for its management. Therefore, this work was undertaken to evaluate the effect of row spacing and seed rate on ABL severity, growth and yield of chickpea. Methods: A split-plot design with three replicates was adopted to carry out this study during 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons. ‘Beja1’ chickpea variety was sown at 40 and 60 cm row spacing and at three seed rates (80, 110 and 140 kg ha-1). ABL severity was assessed visually on a 0-9 scale and agro morphological traits were measured. Analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Correlations between agronomic traits, row spacing, seed rate and ABL severity were investigated. Result: Results showed that most of the variation in disease severity was associated with seed rate (r=0.61). The highest ABL score severity was noted at 140 kg ha-1 rate. Over both years, wide row spacing and low seed rate reduced ABL severity. Chickpea sown under narrow row spacing (40 cm) produced higher grain yield (1014 and 1099.7 kg ha-1 for 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons, respectively). Grain yield was tending to decrease with increasing sowing rates but at a density higher than optimal, grain yields decrease. In this study, ABL disease severity reached a score of 3.7 and 4.3 in 2018 and 2019, respectively. These disease severities levels had little effect on yield.

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on growth and yield of semi-dwarf and tall varieties of winter wheat

1978 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Pearman ◽  
S. M. Thomas ◽  
G. N. Thorne
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Dwarf Variety

SummaryEight amounts of nitrogen ranging from 0 to 210 kg N/ha were applied to two tall and one semi-dwarf variety of winter wheat in the spring of 1975 and 1976. The tall varieties were Cappelle-Desprez and Maris Huntsman; the semi-dwarf variety was Maris Fundin in 1975 and Hobbit in 1976. Interactions between varieties and nitrogen were few and small compared with the main effects. All varieties produced their maximum grain yields with 180 kg N/ha. The yield of the semi-dwarf varieties, but not the others, decreased slightly with more nitrogen.Cappelle-Desprez yielded less grain than the other varieties in both years. In 1975 the yields of Maris Fundin and Maris Huntsman were similar and in 1976 Hobbit yielded more than Maris Huntsman. The varieties had similar numbers of ears at maturity and similar patterns of tillering. The semi-dwarf varieties had most grains per spikelet, and hence grains per ear, and Cappelle-Desprez had least. The semi-dwarf varieties had the smallest grains. The semi-dwarf varieties had less straw than the other varieties and hence the largest ratios of grain to total above-ground dry weight. The decrease in dry weight of stem and leaves between anthesis and maturity was similar for all varieties. In 1975 the efficiency of the top two leaves plus top internode in producing grain was the same for all varieties, but in 1976 Hobbit was more efficient than the other two. There were some small differences between varieties in nutrient uptake that were not related to differences in growth. Maris Fundin tended to have a greater phosphorus and potassium content than the tall varieties. Hobbit contained slightly less nitrogen than the tall varieties at maturity, and had a smaller concentration of nitrogen in the grain.Applying 210 kg N/ha doubled grain yield in 1975. Applying nitrogen resulted in a largeincrease in number of ears and a small increase in number of grains per ear due to the development of more fertile spikelets per ear. Nitrogen decreased dry weight per grain, especially of the semi-dwarf varieties. With extra nitrogen, straw dry weight at maturity, shoot dry weight atanthesis and leaf area were all increased relatively more than grain yield, and stems lost moredry weight between anthesis and maturity than without nitrogen. The year 1976 was exceptionallydry and nitrogen had only small effects in that it affected neither straw dry weight nor numberof ears but slightly increased grain yield by increasing the number of spikelets and number of grains per spikelet. It also increased leaf area proportionately to grain yield. In 1975 nitrogen increased evaporation of water from the crop before anthesis but decreased it after anthesis, even though it continued to increase the extraction of water from below 90 cm.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield Performance of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp) as influenced by Row-Spacing and Period of Weed interference in South-West Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Adigun ◽  
A. O. Osipitan ◽  
Segun Toyosi Lagoke ◽  
Raphael Olusegun Adeyemi ◽  
Stephen Olaoluwa Afolami
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Growth Parameter ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Weed Removal

Weed problem appears to be the most deleterious factor causing between 25 and 60% reduction in potential yield of cowpea. Field trials were therefore conducted to study the effect of inter-row spacing and period of weed interference on growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (07° 15'; 03° 25' E) in South Western Nigeria during the early and late wet seasons of 2009. The experiment consisted of eight main plots of weed interference which included initial weed removal for 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks after sowing (WAS) and subsequently weed –infested until harvest as well as initial weed infestation for corresponding periods and thereafter kept weed free until harvest. There were also sub-plot treatments of three inter-row spacing of 60, 75, and 90 cm. All treatments in different combinations were laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. In both trials, the use of inter-row spacing of 60 cm resulted in significant reduction in weed growth as evident in lower weed dry matter production and subsequent higher cowpea pod and grain yields than those of 75 and 90 cm inter-row spacing. Initial weed infestation of up to 3 WAS did not have any adverse effect on crop growth and cowpea grain yields provided the weeds were subsequently removed. On the other hand, cowpea grain yield loss was not significantly averted by keeping the crop weed free for only 3 WAS without subsequent weed removal. In this study, initial weed-infestation for 6 WAS and beyond significantly depressed various crop growth parameter and cowpea grain yield compared with the crop kept weed free throughout its life cycle. In order to obtain optimum yields similar to that of the weed free cowpea field, it was required to keep the crop weed free for 6 WAS and beyond. However, frequent weeding beyond 9 weeks after sowing did not improve cowpea yield significantly and as a matter of fact it may even result in reduction of cowpea grain yield due to mechanical damage of hoe weeding. The practical implication of this finding is that early weeding starting from 3 WAS is very crucial for cowpea production while the critical period of weed removal for optimum yield in cowpea is between 3 and 9 WAS in the forest-savannah transitional zone of south Western Nigeria.

scholarly journals Effect of Some Agronomic Practices on Ascochyta Blight Severity and Yield of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) in Tunisia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ouji ◽  
S. Chekali ◽  
M. Rouaissi
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Effect On Yield

Background: In Tunisia, faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is the first major food legume. The development of faba bean production is facing several biotic constraints. Faba bean Ascochyta blight caused by Ascochyta fabae is one of the most destructive diseases of faba bean and can cause significant yield loss under favorable conditions. As only incomplete resistance ABL varieties are available, some agronomic practices should be applied to control and reduce Ascochyta blight incidence wherever possible. Therefore, this work was undertaken to evaluate the effect of spacing row and seed rate on ABL severity, growth and yield of faba bean. Methods: A split-plot design with three replications was adopted to carry out this study during 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons. ‘Bachaar’ faba bean variety was sown at 40 and 60 cm row spacing and at three seed rates (100, 140 and 200 kg ha-1). ABL severity was assessed visually on a 0-9 scale and agro-morphological traits were measured. Analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Correlations between agronomic traits, row spacing, seed rate and ABL severity were investigated. Result: Results showed that seed rate has a larger effect on yield than row spacing. In both cropping seasons, the highest grain yield was recorded in 60 cm row spacing and 140 kg ha-1 seed rate treatment. So, this treatment is recommended for obtaining high yield of faba bean. Most of the variation in disease severity was associated with seed rate (r=0.62). The highest ABL score severity was noted at 200 kg ha-1 rate. Over both years, wide row spacing and low seed rate reduced ABL severity. In this study, the small amounts of ABL disease (which reached a score of 5.3 and 4.7 in 2018 and 2019, respectively) had little or no effect on yield.

Varietal performance of transplant aman rice under different hill densities

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAT Sohel ◽  
MAB Siddique ◽  
M Asaduzzaman ◽  
MN Alam ◽  
MM Karim
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Biological Yield

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from July to December 2004 to evaluate the effect of hill spacing on the performance of BRRI dhan40 and BRRI dhan41 as Transplant aman crop. The experiment consisted of five hill spacings viz., 5cm. 10cm, 15 cm, and 25 cm where row to row spacing of 25 cm was kept constant for all treatments. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with four replications. The 25 cm x 5 cm hill spacing produced the tallest plant, highest total number of tillers/hill, bearing tillers/hill lowest number of non-hearing tillers/hill, grain yield and harvest index, while 25 cm x 5 cm hill spacing produced the highest number of sterile spikelets/panicle, straw yield and biological yield. BRRI dhan41 produced higher grain yield (4.7 t/ha) which was the contribution of higher number of grains/panicle and heavier grain weight. Lower yield (4.51 t/ha) was recorded in BRRI dhan40.Key Words: Varietal performance; T. aman rice; hill density.DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i1.5750Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(1) : 33-39, March 2009

scholarly journals The contribution of yield components in determining the productivity of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Harasim ◽  
Marian Wesołowski ◽  
Cezary Kwiatkowski ◽  
Paweł Harasim ◽  
Mariola Staniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Spike Density ◽  
The University ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

<p>The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of different growth regulator rates and nitrogen fertilization levels on yield components and to evaluate their influence on winter wheat productivity. A field experiment with winter wheat ‘Muza’ was conducted at the Czesławice Experimental Farm, belonging to the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland over the period 2004–2007. In this experiment, the effect of the studied factors on yield and its components was primarily dependent on weather conditions during the study period.</p><p>An increase in nitrogen rate from 100 to 150 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> in 2005 and 2007 had a significant effect on the increase in grain yield per unit area. In 2005, the grain yield rose through increased spike density (by 6.3%) and a higher number of grains per spike (by 1.6%). The 1000-grain weight decreased the grain yield per unit area (by 0.04 t ha<sup>−1</sup>). In 2007, the higher yield of wheat fertilized with nitrogen at a rate of 150 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> was positively affected by all the three yield components. The statistical analysis of the results showed that the winter wheat grain yields were also significantly affected by the retardant rates applied depending on the year.</p>

scholarly journals Performance of cotton genotype TCH 1819 to high density planting system under winter irrigated condition at the Western agroclimatic zone of Tamil Nadu

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (SI) ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
R. Sowmiya ◽  
N. Sakthivel
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Cotton Genotype

Plant population is an important attribute in crop management practice. Increasing the plant density by decreasing the crop row spacing was an alternative strategy to optimize crop profit. Hence, the field trial was conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during the winter season of 2017 – 18 to study the effect of row spacing on the growth and yield of cotton genotype TCH 1819. The experimental design was Randomized Block Design (RBD) with seven spacing treatments viz., T1: 60 x 15 cm (1,11,111 plants ha-1), T2: 60 x 20 cm (83,333 plants ha-1), T3: 75 x 15 cm (88,888 plants ha-1), T4: 75 x 20 cm (66,666 plants ha-1), T5: 75 x 30 cm (44,444 plants ha-1), T6: 90 x 15 cm (74074 plants ha-1), T7: 90 x 20cm (55,555 plants ha-1) and was replicated thrice.  Plant densities showed a significant (p=0.05) difference for all the characters studied.  The higher plant density of 1,11,111 plants (60 x 15 cm) observed significantly (p=0.05) maximum plant height (103.14 cm), Leaf Area Index (LAI) (4.35), Dry Matter Production (DMP) (8125 kg/ha), Crop Growth Rate (CGR) (6.58 g/m2/day), root length (41.46 cm), root dry weight (14.94 g/plant), and chlorophyll index (48.24).  The number of sympodial branches per plant (17) and bolls per plant (22 bolls) was found significant in the wider spacing of 75 x 30 cm.  The narrow spacing of 60 x 15 cm noted the highest seed cotton yield (2565 kg/ha), net return (R65706.62), and B: C (2.32) ratio, followed by the spacing of 75 x 15 cm due to more plant density per unit area (m2).  So, maximum yield in cotton can be achieved by decreasing the row spacing and increasing the plant population per unit area.

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