The effects of dobutamine and ephedrine on packed cell volume, total protein, heart rate, and blood pressure in anaesthetized horses

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hellyer ◽  
Wagner ◽  
Mama ◽  
Gaynor
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Packed Cell Volume

Effects of Meal Composition on the Postprandial Blood Pressure, Catecholamine and Insulin Changes in Elderly Subjects

1989 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Potter ◽  
D. Heseltine ◽  
G. Hartley ◽  
J. Matthews ◽  
I. A. Macdonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Carbohydrate

1. The effects of four meals of similar energy, but different nutritional, composition on postprandial blood pressure, heart rate, autonomic function, catecholamines, insulin and packed cell volume levels were studied in seven fit elderly subjects. 2. The high carbohydrate and high protein meals led to a significant overall fall in supine systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared either with no change or a rise after the normal (i.e. mixed) and high fat meals. Similar between-meal differences were seen with erect diastolic but not erect systolic blood pressure. No significant postural blood pressure fall occurred after any of the meals. Supine heart rate was unaffected by meal type or by time, and although erect heart rate showed a small increase during the study there was no between-meal difference. 3. Parasympathetic function was unaffected by meal type. Plasma noradrenaline rose after the high carbohydrate and mixed meals only, remaining elevated for 120 min after meal consumption. This increase was not related to the changes in blood pressure or plasma insulin levels. 4. Plasma insulin and glucose rose after the high carbohydrate and mixed meals, but were unchanged after the high protein and high fat meals. Packed cell volume showed a small decrease towards the end of the study, although there was no between-meal variation. 5. The differences in the cardiovascular changes after the different meals could not be ascribed to alterations in autonomic function, insulin release or fall in plasma volume. We propose that the postprandial changes in blood pressure are due to the nutrient composition of the meal rather than the actual energy load.

scholarly journals PENGARUH INFEKSI CACING Ascaridia galli TERHADAP GAMBARAN DARAH DAN ELEKTROLIT AYAM KAMPUNG (Gallus domesticus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joko Prastowo ◽  
Bambang Ariyadi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Ascaridia Galli

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh infeksi telur cacing Ascaridia galli (A. galli) terhadap elektrolit dan gambaran darah ayam kampung (Gallus domesticus). Kelompok perlakuan dilakukan infeksi telur berembrio cacing A. galli sebanyak 500 telur cacing/ekor ayam. Sampel berupa feses ayam untuk pemeriksaan parasitologi dan darah untuk pemeriksaan elektrolit dan pemeriksaan darah rutin. Infeksi cacing A.galli menyebabkan penurunan kadar kalium serum pada hari ke-21 dan 28 setelah infeksi (P<0,05), kenaikan kadar magnesium serum pada hari ke-21 dan 28 setelah infeksi (P<0,05) dan tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap kadar natrium serum setelah infeksi. Hasil penelitian ini menyebabkan penurunan terhadap jumlah eritrosit pada hari ke-7 dan 14 setelah infeksi (P<0,05), penurunan terhadap nilai packed cell volume (PCV) pada hari ke-14 setelah infeksi (P<0,05), kenaikan nilai total protein plasma pada hari ke-7 setelah infeksi (P<0,05), kenaikan nilai absolut sel eosinofil pada hari ke-14 setelah infeksi (P<0,05), tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap kadar hemoglobin, jumlah leukosit, nilai absolut sel heterofil, limfosit, dan monosit. Pada hari ke-28 setelah infeksi, rerata cacing yang hidup yaitu 13 ekor cacing. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa, infeksi 500 telur cacing berembrio A. galli menyebabkan penurunan kadar kalium, kenaikan kadar magnesium, penurunan terhadap jumlah eritrosit, penurunan terhadap nilai PCV, kenaikan nilai total protein plasma, kenaikan nilai absolut sel eosinofil, dan tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap natrium, kadar hemoglobin, jumlah leukosit, nilai absolut sel heterofil, nilai absolut limfosit, dan nilai absolut monosit.

Effects of hyperinsulinaemia on the cardiovascular responses to graded hypovolaemia in normal and diabetic subjects

1988 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Scott ◽  
T. Bennett ◽  
I. A. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Euglycaemic Clamp ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Hyperinsulinaemic Euglycaemic Clamp

1. Two experiments were carried out. The first with five normal male subjects was placebo controlled and single blind, each subject being studied on two occasions. Lower body subatmospheric pressure (LBSP) was used to assess the cardiovascular effects of graded hypovolaemia before and during either a hyperinsulinaemic, euglycaemic clamp or a placebo clamp using 0.9% (w/v) NaCl only. 2. During hyperinsulinaemia, resting systolic blood pressure rose and was accompanied by forearm vasodilatation. Forearm blood flow (FABF) and heart rate (HR) were higher at each level of LBSP during than before hyperinsulinaemia. In addition, hyperinsulinaemia was accompanied by a small increase in noradrenaline, but packed cell volume did not change. 3. In the second experiment, the effects of a hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp on the cardiovascular responses to LBSP were assessed in seven diabetic subjects with peripheral and autonomic neuropathy. 4. In contrast to the normal subjects, there was a slight fall in systolic blood pressure during the clamp but no effect was noted on HR or FABF. Mean arterial blood pressure was lower at each level of LBSP during hyperinsulinaemia compared with the pre-elamp period. Packed cell volume fell during the clamp and plasma noradrenaline rose. In one of the diabetic subjects, a precipitous fall in blood pressure occurred during hyperinsulinaemia when LBSP of 10 mmHg (1.3 kPa) was applied, this manoeuvre having been well tolerated before the clamp. 5. The mode of action of hyperinsulinaemia is not clear, but there was, however, no evidence that a fall in plasma volume had occurred.

Oestradiol-induced hypotension in spontaneously hypertensive rats: putative role for intracellular cations, sodium-potassium flux and prostanoids

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Stonier ◽  
J. Bennett ◽  
E. A. Messenger ◽  
G. M. Aber
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Angiotensin I ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive

1. The effect of oestradiol alone and in combination with indomethacin on blood pressure, erythrocyte cation concentration and Na+−K+ flux has been studied in adult female normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. 2. Oestradiol alone resulted in a significant decrease in blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (from 165.3 ± 3.9 to 146.4 ± 2.7 mmHg, P < 0.001), whereas it induced a significant increase in normotensive rats (from 111.8 ± 1.8 to 124.1 ± 3.6 mmHg, P < 0.001). When indomethacin and oestradiol were administered simultaneously or when indomethacin was given alone, no change in blood pressure occurred in spontaneously hypertensive rats (158.6 ± 6.9 and 159.8 ± 6.2 mmHg, respectively). 3. The fall in blood pressure induced by oestradiol in spontaneously hypertensive rats was associated with significant reductions in erythrocyte K+ concentration (from 127.4 ± 1.2 to 116.9 ± 1.7 mmol/l of cells, P < 0.001), in erythrocyte Na+ concentration (from 14.3 ± 0.8 to 13.0 ± 0.6 mmol/l of cells, P < 0.02), in ouabain-sensitive erythrocyte Na+ flux (from 17.8 ± 0.3 to 16.0 ± 0.4 mmol h−1 (1 of cells)−1, P < 0.01) and in ouabain-sensitive erythrocyte K+ flux (from 11.4 ± 0.2 to 10.4 ± 0.2 mmol h−1 (1 of cells)−1, P < 0.01). No change in blood pressure, erythrocyte cation concentration or Na+−K+ flux occurred when oestradiol and indomethacin were given together or when indomethacin was administered alone. 4. The hypertensive influence of oestradiol in normotensive rats was unaccompanied by any changes in erythrocyte K+ concentration, erythrocyte Na+ concentration and total, ouabain-sensitive and ouabain-resistant Na+−K+ flux. 5. The divergent changes in blood pressure noted in the two strains occurred despite comparable changes in plasma renin activity after oestradiol, with significant increases in plasma renin activity in normotensive rats (from 16.4 ± 4.2 to 28.4 ± 6.6 ng of angiotensin I h−1 ml−1, P < 0.05) and in spontaneously hypertensive rats (from 28.3 ± 2.7 to 39.5 ± 5.7 ng of angiotensin I h−1 ml−1, P < 0.01). The plasma renin activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats receiving oestradiol or indomethacin and oestradiol were similar with values of 39.5 ± 5.7 and 40.6 ± 5.7 ng of angiotensin I h−1 ml−1, respectively, but were significantly higher than that seen in control animals (28.3 ± 2.7 ng of angiotensin I h−1 ml−1, P < 0.01). Similarly, indomethacin alone induced a significant increase in plasma renin activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats to 35.8 ± 7.6 ng of angiotensin I h−1 ml−1 (P < 0.05). 6. The contrasting effects of oestradiol on blood pressure in the two rat strains occurred without any change in packed cell volume. Likewise, the changes in blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats with either oestradiol alone or in combination with indomethacin occurred without any change in packed cell volume, although indomethacin alone resulted in a significant reduction in packed cell volume (from 30.9 ± 1.6 to 26.8 ± 2.0, P < 0.01). 7. The results suggest that the hypotensive action of oestradiol in spontaneously hypertensive rats might be mediated through its influence on erythrocyte cation concentration and/or the modulation of Na+−K+ flux either directly or via the action of prostanoids.

Circulating Dopamine: Its Effect on the Plasma Concentrations of Catecholamines, Renin, Angiotensin, Aldosterone and Vasopressin in the Conscious Dog

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Ball ◽  
M. Tree ◽  
J. J. Morton ◽  
G. C. Inglis ◽  
R. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Dopamine Infusion ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Arterial Blood

1. Six male beagle dogs with carotid loops were infused with sodium chloride solution (150 mmol/l: saline) during control observations followed by dopamine infusion at various rates. Arterial blood samples were drawn during the control period and at the end of each period of dopamine infusion for the measurement of plasma dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, vasopressin, electrolytes and packed cell volume. Blood pressure and pulse were recorded throughout. 2. The rate of infusion and plasma dopamine levels were closely correlated (r = 0.99, P < 0.001). Plasma dopamine levels two to 20 times basal values produced no significant change in any of the other variables measured; levels 200 times basal values caused a significant increase (P < 0.05) in plasma renin concentration; levels 2000 times basal values were associated with significant increases (P < 0.05) in plasma renin and angiotensin II, packed cell volume and blood pressure, without significant changes in other measurements. 3. Circulating dopamine is unlikely to be important in the control of sodium and water metabolism.

Differential Blood Pressure and Hormonal Effects after Glucose and Xylose Ingestion in Chronic Autonomic Failure

1989 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Mathias ◽  
D. F. da Costa ◽  
C. M. McIntosh ◽  
P. Fosbraey ◽  
R. Bannister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Area Under Curve ◽  
Autonomic Failure ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Hypotension ◽  
Hormonal Effects

1. To investigate whether carbohydrate contributes to postprandial hypotension in autonomic failure, the cardiovascular, biochemical and hormonal effects of oral glucose and an iso-osmotic solution of oral xylose were studied on separate occasions in six patients with chronic autonomic failure. The effects of oral glucose were also studied in eight normal subjects. 2. In the patients oral glucose lowered blood pressure substantially (−34 ± 7% at 60 min, area under curve −24.9 ± 3.5%, P < 0.001) and for a prolonged period (− 25 ± 4% at 120 min). Plasma noradrenaline levels did not change. In the normal subjects blood pressure was unchanged and plasma noradrenaline rose, suggesting a compensatory increase in sympathetic nervous activity. 3. In the patients xylose caused a smaller and more transient fall in blood pressure (−15 ± 6% at 90 min, area under curve −8.9 ± 4%, P < 0.05) with a non-significant elevation in packed cell volume (36.7 ± 1.8 to 38.2 ± 1.8). It was therefore unclear if xylose was exerting osmotic effects within the bowel which contributed to the small blood pressure fall. Packed cell volume did not change in either the patients or normal subjects after glucose. 4. In the patients and normal subjects plasma insulin rose after glucose. Insulin levels were unchanged after xylose. Levels of pancreatic polypeptide and neurotensin, a potential vasodilator, rose in the patients only. The latter rose to a similar extent after both glucose and xylose, making it unlikely that neurotensin alone accounted for the hypotension. 5. These studies indicate that the carbohydrate components of a meal, and in particular those causing insulin release, contribute to postprandial hypotension in patients with autonomic failure.

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