Simulation of herbicide use in a crop rotation with transgenic herbicide‐tolerant oilseed rape

Weed Research ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
MADSEN ◽  
BLACKLOW ◽  
JENSEN ◽  
STREIBIG
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant ◽  
Herbicide Use

scholarly journals Invertebrates and vegetation of field margins adjacent to crops subject to contrasting herbicide regimes in the Farm Scale Evaluations of genetically modified herbicide–tolerant crops

2003 ◽  
Vol 358 (1439) ◽  
pp. 1879-1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
D. B. Roy ◽  
D. A. Bohan ◽  
A. J. Haughton ◽  
M. O. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Field Margins ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant ◽  
Adjacent Field ◽  
Farm Scale ◽  
The Difference

The effects of management of genetically modified herbicide–tolerant (GMHT) crops on adjacent field margins were assessed for 59 maize, 66 beet and 67 spring oilseed rape sites. Fields were split into halves, one being sown with a GMHT crop and the other with the equivalent conventional non–GMHT crop. Margin vegetation was recorded in three components of the field margins. Most differences were in the tilled area, with fewer smaller effects mirroring them in the verge and boundary. In spring oilseed rape fields, the cover, flowering and seeding of plants were 25%, 44% and 39% lower, respectively, in the GMHT uncropped tilled margins. Similarly, for beet, flowering and seeding were 34% and 39% lower, respectively, in the GMHT margins. For maize, the effect was reversed, with plant cover and flowering 28% and 67% greater, respectively, in the GMHT half. Effects on butterflies mirrored these vegetation effects, with 24% fewer butterflies in margins of GMHT spring oilseed rape. The likely cause is the lower nectar supply in GMHT tilled margins and crop edges. Few large treatment differences were found for bees, gastropods or other invertebrates. Scorching of vegetation by herbicide–spray drift was on average 1.6% on verges beside conventional crops and 3.7% beside GMHT crops, the difference being significant for all three crops.

Potential gene flow of two herbicide-tolerant transgenes from oilseed rape to wild B. juncea var. gracilis

2010 ◽  
Vol 120 (8) ◽  
pp. 1501-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Song ◽  
Zhou Wang ◽  
Jiao Zuo ◽  
Chaohe Huangfu ◽  
Sheng Qiang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant

scholarly journals Feral genetically modified herbicide tolerant oilseed rape from seed import spills: are concerns scientifically justified?

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Devos ◽  
Rosemary S. Hails ◽  
Antoine Messéan ◽  
Joe N. Perry ◽  
Geoffrey R. Squire
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant

Herbicide sensitivity of transgenic multiple herbicide-tolerant oilseed rape

2002 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian J Senior ◽  
Catherine Moyes ◽  
Philip J Dale
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant

scholarly journals Rhizoctonia solani damping-off on spring turnip rape and spring rape (Brassica spp.) in Finland

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risto Tahvonen ◽  
Jukka Hollo ◽  
Asko Hannukkala
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Turnip Rape ◽  
Brassica Spp ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Spring Rape

Damping-off occurred in 90 % of the spring oilseed rape fields surveyed in 1981—1982. On the average, 10 % of the plants were infected with damping-off.6 % of the fields were severely infected (> 30 % of the plants affected) by damping-off and 38 % were uninfected or only slightly infected ( ≤ 5% of the plants affected). The incidence of damping-off was higher in those fields which had been under oilseed rape in earlier years. Ina crop rotation experiment, the amount of damping-off increased from 2 % to 20 %, and finally to 38 %, depending upon whether turnip rape had been grown on the same part of the field once, twice or three times. Crops other than Cruciferous ones were grown for 1 or 3 years between the turnip rape crops. Rhizoctonia solani Kühn was isolated from 76 % of the affected plants. The R. solani isolates produced severe damping-off on rape and turnip rape in pathogenicity tests. R. solani isolates from barley, potato and lettuce brought about only mild cases of damping-off, or else only a decrease in the growth of the plants. Fusarium avenaceum Sacc. was the only other isolated fungus which was pathogenic.

scholarly journals Invertebrate responses to the management of genetically modified herbicide–tolerant and conventional spring crops. II. Within-field epigeal and aerial arthropods

2003 ◽  
Vol 358 (1439) ◽  
pp. 1863-1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
A. J. Haughton ◽  
G. T. Champion ◽  
C. Hawes ◽  
M. S. Heard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Foraging Preferences ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant ◽  
Farm Scale ◽  
Herbicide Management

The effects of the management of genetically modified herbicide–tolerant (GMHT) crops on the abundances of aerial and epigeal arthropods were assessed in 66 beet, 68 maize and 67 spring oilseed rape sites as part of the Farm Scale Evaluations of GMHT crops. Most higher taxa were insensitive to differences between GMHT and conventional weed management, but significant effects were found on the abundance of at least one group within each taxon studied. Numbers of butterflies in beet and spring oilseed rape and of Heteroptera and bees in beet were smaller under the relevant GMHT crop management, whereas the abundance of Collembola was consistently greater in all GMHT crops. Generally, these effects were specific to each crop type, reflected the phenology and ecology of the arthropod taxa, were indirect and related to herbicide management. These results apply generally to agriculture across Britain, and could be used in mathematical models to predict the possible long–term effects of the widespread adoption of GMHT technology. The results for bees and butterflies relate to foraging preferences and might or might not translate into effects on population densities, depending on whether adoption leads to forage reductions over large areas. These species, and the detritivore Collembola, may be useful indicator species for future studies of GMHT management.

scholarly journals Effects of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant cropping systems on weed seedbanks in two years of following crops

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.G Firbank ◽  
P Rothery ◽  
M.J May ◽  
S.J Clark ◽  
R.J Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
First Year ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Farmland Biodiversity ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant ◽  
Farm Scale ◽  
Second Year

The Farm Scale Evaluations (FSEs) showed that genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) cropping systems could influence farmland biodiversity because of their effects on weed biomass and seed production. Recently published results for winter oilseed rape showed that a switch to GMHT crops significantly affected weed seedbanks for at least 2 years after the crops were sown, potentially causing longer-term effects on other taxa. Here, we seek evidence for similar medium-term effects on weed seedbanks following spring-sown GMHT crops, using newly available data from the FSEs. Weed seedbanks following GMHT maize were significantly higher than following conventional varieties for both the first and second years, while by contrast, seedbanks following GMHT spring oilseed rape were significantly lower over this period. Seedbanks following GMHT beet were smaller than following conventional crops in the first year after the crops had been sown, but this difference was much reduced by the second year for reasons that are not clear. These new data provide important empirical evidence for longer-term effects of GMHT cropping on farmland biodiversity.

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