scholarly journals Rhizoctonia solani damping-off on spring turnip rape and spring rape (Brassica spp.) in Finland

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risto Tahvonen ◽  
Jukka Hollo ◽  
Asko Hannukkala
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Turnip Rape ◽  
Brassica Spp ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Spring Rape

Damping-off occurred in 90 % of the spring oilseed rape fields surveyed in 1981—1982. On the average, 10 % of the plants were infected with damping-off.6 % of the fields were severely infected (> 30 % of the plants affected) by damping-off and 38 % were uninfected or only slightly infected ( ≤ 5% of the plants affected). The incidence of damping-off was higher in those fields which had been under oilseed rape in earlier years. Ina crop rotation experiment, the amount of damping-off increased from 2 % to 20 %, and finally to 38 %, depending upon whether turnip rape had been grown on the same part of the field once, twice or three times. Crops other than Cruciferous ones were grown for 1 or 3 years between the turnip rape crops. Rhizoctonia solani Kühn was isolated from 76 % of the affected plants. The R. solani isolates produced severe damping-off on rape and turnip rape in pathogenicity tests. R. solani isolates from barley, potato and lettuce brought about only mild cases of damping-off, or else only a decrease in the growth of the plants. Fusarium avenaceum Sacc. was the only other isolated fungus which was pathogenic.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of different parsley cultivars to infestation by pathogenic fungi

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Nawrocki
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Stemphylium Botryosum ◽  
Cylindrocarpon Destructans ◽  
Second Year

The experiments were carried out in the years 2002 and 2003 on parsley seeds of 6 cultivars: Alba, Berlińska, Cukrowa, Kinga, Lenka, and Vistula. Mycological analysis of parsley seeds showed that the most common inhabitans were fungi from genus <i>Alternaria</i> (mainly <i>A. alternata</i> and <i>A. radicina</i>) and <i>Fusarium</i>, especially <i>F. avenaceum</i> and <i>F. oxysporum</i>. During the glasshouse investigations fungi <i>Alternaria radicina</i>, <i>A. alternata</i> and <i>Fusarium avenaceum</i> were the main reason for parsley damping-off. The highest number of infected seedlings was observed for Berlińska and Kinga, because in both years of experiments these cultivars had the lowest number of healthy seedlings. The highest number of healthy seedlings had cultivars Alba and Lenka, especially in the second year of experiments. In the field experiments not only fungi from genus <i>Alternaria</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> were the most often isolated from diseased parsley seedlings. <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> was more often isolated from diseased field seedlings than from glasshouse parsley seedlings. Other fungies isolated often from parsley seedlings cultivated in the field were: <i>Pythium</i> spp., <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>, <i>Cylindrocarpon destructans</i> and <i>Stemphylium botryosum</i>.

scholarly journals First Report of Damping-Off Caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 on Pink Ipê (Tabebuia impetiginosa) in Italy

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Polizzi ◽  
D. Aiello ◽  
A. Vitale ◽  
V. Guarnaccia ◽  
A. Panebianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
First Report ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Stem Lesions ◽  
Safranin O

Pink ipê or pink lapacho (Tabebuia impetiginosa Martius ex DC., family Bignoniaceae) is one of the most attractive blooming trees in the world. In Europe, pink ipê is widely used as an ornamental tree in landscaped gardens and public areas. In August 2010, a widespread damping-off was observed in a stock of approximately 100,000 potted 2-month-old seedlings in a nursery in eastern Sicily (Italy). The seedlings were being watered with overhead irrigation. More than 5% of the seedlings showed disease symptoms. Initial symptoms were black lesions at the seedling crown that expanded rapidly to girdle the stem. On infected seedlings, leaves turned black and gradually died. Black extended stem lesions were followed by death of the entire seedling in a few days. A fungus with mycelial and morphological characteristics of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn was consistently isolated from crown and stem lesions when plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with streptomycin sulfate at 100 μg/ml. Fungal colonies were initially white, turned brown with age, and produced irregularly shaped, brown sclerotia. Mycelium was branched at right angles with a septum near the branch and a slight constriction at the branch base. Hyphal cells removed from cultures grown at 25°C on 2% water agar were determined to be multinucleate when stained with 1% safranin O and 3% KOH solution (1) and examined at ×400. Anastomosis groups were determined by pairing isolates with tester strains AG-1 IA, AG-2-2-1, AG-2-2IIIB, AG-2-2IV, AG-3, AG-4, AG-5, AG-6, and AG-11 on 2% water agar in petri plates (4). Anastomosis was observed only with tester isolates of AG-4, giving both C2 and C3 reactions (2). Pathogenicity tests were performed on container-grown, healthy, 3-month-old seedlings. Forty seedlings of T. impetiginosa were inoculated near the base of the stem with two 1-cm2 PDA plugs from 5-day-old mycelial cultures. The same number of plants only inoculated with PDA plugs served as controls. Plants were incubated in a growth chamber and maintained at 25°C and 95% relative humidity on a 12-h fluorescent light/dark regimen. Crown and stem lesions identical to those observed in the nursery appeared 5 days after inoculation and all plants died within 25 days. No disease was observed on control plants. R. solani AG-4 was reisolated from symptomatic tissues and identified as previously described. R. solani AG-4 was previously detected in the same nursery on Chamaerops humilis (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of R. solani causing damping-off on T. impetiginosa. References: (1) R. J. Bandoni. Mycologia 71:873, 1979. (2) D. E. Carling. Page 37 in: Grouping in Rhizoctonia solani by Hyphal Anastomosis Reactions. Kluwer Academic Publishers, the Netherlands, 1996. (3) G. Polizzi et al. Plant Dis. 94:125, 2010. (4) C. C. Tu and J. W. Kimbrough. Mycologia 65:941, 1973.

scholarly journals Effect of soil fungi communities on the growth of damping-off pathogens in relation to incubation temperature and medium pH

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kacprzak ◽  
Małgorzata Mańka
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Trichoderma Atroviride ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi

Four communities of saprotrophic fungi from a forest nursery soil were tested for their effect on the <i>in vitro</i> growth of damping-off pathogens: <i>Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. oxysporum</i> and <i>F. solani</i> in relation to incubation temperature (5, 10, 15, 20 or 25°C) and medium pH (4.3; 5.6 or 7.5). The soil fungi communities weakly suppressed the growth of pathogens studied only at the lower temperatures (5 or 10°C). At the higher temperatures the communities tested supported the growth of all pathogens. The supporting effct was increasing with the increase of temperature, independently of pH. The effect was highly dependent on incubation temperature and not dependent on medium pH (P<0.05, analysis of variance). Duncan's multiple range tests indicate no significant differences (in the majority of combinations) in the effect of soil fungi communities on the <i>in vitro</i> growth of tested pathogens between temperatures 15, 20 and 25°C, independently of medium pH. The growth of the pathogens studied was suppressed mainly by: <i>Gliocladium catenulatum, Trichoderma atroviride, T. koningii, T. viride, Truncalella truncata<i> and <i>Zygorrhynchus moelleri</i>

SPRING RAPE CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY FOR THE GREEN CONVEYOR CROP ROTATION IN THE MOUNTAINOUS AREAS OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 884-892
Author(s):  
Anna Shalygina ◽  
◽  
Taisiya Batsazova ◽  
Larisa Ikoeva ◽  
Albina Tedeeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Spring Rape

scholarly journals Induction of Soil Suppressiveness Against Rhizoctonia solani by Incorporation of Dried Plant Residues into Soil

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 1372-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Kasuya ◽  
Andriantsoa R. Olivier ◽  
Yoko Ota ◽  
Motoaki Tojo ◽  
Hitoshi Honjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Volatile Substance ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Antagonistic Bacteria ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Soil Suppressiveness

Suppressive effects of soil amendment with residues of 12 cultivars of Brassica rapa on damping-off of sugar beet were evaluated in soils infested with Rhizoctonia solani. Residues of clover and peanut were tested as noncruciferous controls. The incidence of damping-off was significantly and consistently suppressed in the soils amended with residues of clover, peanut, and B. rapa subsp. rapifera ‘Saori’, but only the volatile substance produced from water-imbibed residue of cv. Saori exhibited a distinct inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of R. solani. Nonetheless, disease suppression in such residue-amended soils was diminished or nullified when antibacterial antibiotics were applied to the soils, suggesting that proliferation of antagonistic bacteria resident to the soils were responsible for disease suppression. When the seed (pericarps) colonized by R. solani in the infested soil without residues were replanted into the soils amended with such residues, damping-off was suppressed in all cases. In contrast, when seed that had been colonized by microorganisms in the soils containing the residues were replanted into the infested soil, damping-off was not suppressed. The evidence indicates that the laimosphere, but not the spermosphere, is the site for the antagonistic microbial interaction, which is the chief principle of soil suppressiveness against Rhizoctonia damping-off.

scholarly journals Identification of Fusarium Species Isolated From Stored Apple Fruit in Croatia / Identifikacija Vrsta Roda Fusarium Izoliranih S Plodova Jabuke Nakon Skladištenja

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdravka Sever ◽  
Dario Ivić ◽  
Tomislav Kos ◽  
Tihomir Miličević
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Fusarium Rot ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Apple Fruits

AbstractSeveral species of the genus Fusarium can cause apple fruit to rot while stored. Since Fusarium taxonomy is very complex and has constantly been revised and updated over the last years, the aim of this study was to identify Fusarium species from rotten apples, based on combined morphological characteristics and molecular data.We identified 32 Fusarium isolates from rotten apple fruit of cultivars Golden Delicious, Jonagold, Idared, and Pink Lady, stored in Ultra Low Oxygen (ULO) conditions. Fusarium rot was detected in 9.4 % to 33.2 % of naturally infected apples, depending on the cultivar. The symptoms were similar in all four cultivars: a soft circular brown necrosis of different extent, with or without visible sporulation. Fusarium species were identified by the morphology of cultures grown on potato-dextrose agar (PDA) and carnation leaf agar (CLA). Twenty one isolates were identified as Fusarium avenaceum and confirmed as such with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primer pair FA-ITSF and FA-ITSR. F. pseudograminearum,F. semitectum, F. crookwellense, and F. compactum were identified by morphological characteristics. F.avenaceum can produce several mycotoxins and its dominance in Fusarium rot points to the risk of mycotoxin contamination of apple fruit juices and other products for human consumption. Pathogenicity tests showed typical symptoms of Fusarium rot in most of the inoculated wounded apple fruits. In this respect Fusarium avenaceum, as the dominant cause of Fusarium rot in stored apple fruits is a typical wound parasite.

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