Allelopathic activiti of eastern galega seeds with oil crops

Relevanсe. The novelty of our research lies in the fact that for the first time the allelopathic interaction of eastern galega seeds with a wide range of oilseeds is being studied. The aim of this work is to study the allelopathic effect in the initial stages of plant ontogenesis. The objectives of the study were to identify cultures with a positive and negative impact on the growth and development of sprouts of eastern galega. The objects of research were eastern galega Magister, false saffron Alexandrite, saperda mustard Lux, spring rape Tavrion, hemp Nadezhda, spring cress Iskra, white mustard Lucia, abyssinian colewort Polet, ethiopian niger seed Medea, oil radish Fiolina, damascene fennelflower Yalita, hybrid sunflower P63 LE 10 (XF 3020), winter camelina Baron, spring camelina Velez, oilseed flax Istok. The experiments were carried out in two layouts in 2019–2020 on the basis of a separate division of the Federal research center for fiber crops in the Penza region.Methods. The evaluation of allelopathic activity was carried out using a method that involves the germination of plant seeds, followed by the calculation of the percentage of germination. The number of seeds and seedlings at different stages of ontogenesis was determined along with measuring the length of the root, stem and leaf.Results. At the initial stages of ontogenesis, a weak negative allelopathic effect on the eastern galega is exerted by the abyssinian colewort Polet — the number of fullfledged seedlings was -6,1% to the control. A positive effect on the germination and development of galega seedlings is exerted by damascene fennelflower Yalita (+8,3% to control), ethiopian niger seed Medea (+8,1 to control), oilseed flax Istok (+6,4% to control). In general, the length of the galega seedling was at the level of control with damascene fennelflower and ethiopian niger seed is 3,27 and 3,24 cm (-0,40 and 0,43 cm respectively). A significant decrease is observed in the variants with oilseed flax, spring camelina, winter camelina, spring rape, false saffron, sunflower, saperda mustard, white mustard, hemp, abyssinian colewort and spring cress — from 2,81 to 1,66 cm (-0,86–2,01 cm to control).

The effectiveness of the use of natural minerals of the Terbunskoye deposit and organic waste in the cultivation of rapeseed

The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the effect of natural nanoporous minerals together with organic waste from poultry farms on the yield of spring rapeseed, qualitative analysis of seeds and obtained samples of rapeseed oil. The experiments were carried out in 2019-2021 in the experimental field of the Yelets State University named after I.A. Bunin. The object of the study was the Rif spring rape variety. The highest productivity was observed in the variants with the introduction of zeolite (3 t / ha) in combination with organic waste 5 t / ha and 10 t / ha, which amounted to 34.4 c / ha and 34.9 c / ha, respectively. These options provided the maximum gross yield of protein (9.74 c / ha and 9.95 c / ha) and oil (13.95 c / ha and 14.10 c / ha). A positive effect from the use of natural zeolite as a fertilizer on the accumulation of oleic acid in the obtained rapeseed oil samples has been established. Keywords: SPRING RAPE, ZEOLITES, ORGANIC WASTE, YIELD, OIL QUALITY

Comparative analysis of rape seed production in Russia and Kemerovsk region

The purpose of the research is to conduct a comparative analysis of rapeseed production in the territory of the Russian Federation and the Kemerovo region. During 2011-2019, on the territory of the Russian Federation (RF) and the Kemerovo region, a comparative analysis of the sown area, yield, gross harvest of spring rape was carried out. The research results showed that over the past 9 years, from 2011 to 2019, the sown area, both in the Russian Federation and in the Kemerovo Region, has doubled. At the same time, there is a strong variation in this indicator. The variation coefficient ranged from 43.3% to 54.1%. On the territory of the Russian Federation and in the Kemerovo region, an increase in the yield of spring rape is observed by 1.13 times and 1.04 times, respectively. It was revealed that an increase in the gross harvest of spring rape seeds occurs on the basis of an extensive development of production due to an increase in the sowing area and yield.

PROSPECTS FOR USAGE OF OIL CROPS IN CROP ROTATIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF THE VOLGA REGION

An increase of biological diversity of field crops is relevant for modern agriculture. The aim of our study was comparative assessment of productivity of oilseeds (oil flax, white mustard and spring rape) and substantiation of primary soil tillage technology and plant protection during crop cultivation in the foreststeppe zone of the Volga region. The research results showed that the growing season of white mustard was 87-99 days, oil flax - 97-106 days and spring rape - 97-103 days. The period from harvesting to winter wheat sowing was 12-20 days for oil flax, white mustard - 20-30 days, for spring rape - 14-20 days, which makes it possible to use these crops as forecrops for winter grain crops. When cultivating oil flax, white mustard and spring rape, combined system of soil tillage in crop rotation is more effective, where, in comparison with the minimum tillage of the soil, the seed yield increased (by 8.4-23.7%), as well as vegetable fat (by 16.9- 30.5%). The adaptive integrated plant protection system (a combination of agrotechnical, biological and chemical plant protection methods) was more effective in comparison with herbicide usage. Evaluation of economic efficiency showed that cultivation of spring rape provides a higher level of income in comparison with other crops. Combined tillage and the protection level of standard agricultural technologies (only herbicide usage) ensured an increase of net operating profit per hectare, therefore, the substantiation of plant protection system should be carried out with egad to economic limits of harmfulness.

AFFECT OF OIL POLLUTED GRAY FOREST SOIL ON THE SPRING RAPE YIELD

The purpose of the research is increasing the yield of spring rape in the Tatarstan pre-Kama zone. Soil pollution affects food safety both by reducing plant performance and yield class. Oil and petrochemicals are common con-tamination sources of environment. The work is devoted to the assessment of the impact of oil pollution of the soil on the yield of spring rapeseed. The study was conducted on the experimental field of the Department of «Agro-chemistry and Soil Science» of the Kazan State Agrarian University, located in the pre-Kama zone of Tatarstan. The experimental site is presented by gray forest medium loamy soil, which is the predominant difference for this zone. The area unpolluted soil was characterized by a low content of humus and a weak acidic medium, high con-centration of phosphorus and potassium active forms. The soil was purposely contaminated with commercial crude oil by spreading over the surface at the rate of 10, 20 and 40 l/m2. These levels of soil pollution, as shown by previ-ous studies, were estimated, respectively, as low, medium and high. A close positive correlation was established between the yield of spring rapeseed and the limitation of soil contamination (R2=0.763÷0.940). Mechanical soil treatment, liming, application of mineral fertilizers and Baikal EM-1 biologics was tested for recultivation. The yield of oilseeds of spring rapeseed was closely correlated with the level of single contamination of gray forest soil with commercial crude oil for at least 15 years. Obtaining the maximum yield of spring rapeseed on oil-polluted gray forest soil was provided by comprehensive application of soil loosening, liming and application of full mineral ferti-lizer.

The comparative productivity of spring rape varieties and hybrids in the conditions of the North Kazakhstan region

Research objective is to determine the optimal seeding rate of varieties and hybrids of spring rape for seeds in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. The subject of research are varieties and hybrids of spring rape. On the experimental fields of the Esil State Grain and Feed Varietal Testing Site located in the Republic of Kazakhstan, North Kazakhstan Region, Esil District, the village of Yavlenka in 2019-2020 years, a competitive test of spring rape was carried out, represented by 5 varieties: Geros, Maykudyk, Hunter, Machaon and 3 hybrids: Caliber, Bilder, GEN0009. The main accounts and observations were carried out according to the approved methodology of the state variety testing. The carried out researches established that seed productivity of rape plants is in close interrelation from meteorological conditions of the vegetative period and studied variants of experience. After studying the seeding rates, we came to the conclusion that the greatest productivity is provided by rapeseed with a seeding rate of 2.0 million and 2.5 million. germinating seeds, and with an increase in the seeding rate, the yield decreases, from the presented samples over the years of testing, the Maykudyk variety and the Builder hybrid were selected, which distinguished themselves by a constant and full-fledged harvest, unlike other tested samples.

EFFECT OF CRUDE OIL CONTAMINATION ON SPRING RAPE VULNERABILITY BYDOWNY MILDEW IN FOREST GRAY SOIL

The work is devoted to the assessment of the impact of a single oil pollution of the soil on the yield and disease incidence of spring rape plants (Brassica napus L.). The study was conducted in experimental site of agrochemistry and soil science department of Kazan State Agrarian University, which is located in Predkamye zone of Tatarstan Republic. The soil in experimental site is clay loamy gray forest soil, which is typical for this zone. The main nutrient properties of uncontaminated soil was low content of humus, slightly high content of labile Phosphorous and moderate availability of labile Potassium, the pH was slightly acid. The soil was intentionally contaminated by crude oil on soil surface at the rates of 10, 20 and 40 l/m2. Based on the previous research, the contamination levels in this study are presented as low, moderate and high levels. The yield of oilseeds of spring rape was closely correlated with the level of one-time pollution of gray forest soil with crude oil over at least 15 years. The results showed that the increase of downy mildew abundance (R2=0,8804) and development(R2=0,8610) correlated with the soil contamination level. Consequently, both abundance and development of downy mildew induced asignificant negative effect on the yield of the main and side rape production. The strength of oil seeds production correlation with the level of plant infection (R2=0,8652÷0,8759) was more significant as compared to the correlation strength with the decrease of rape shoot yield (R2=0,8013÷0,8192)

The Influence of Mineral Nutrition on the Productivity of Spring Rape

This article presents data on the influence of mineral nutrition on the productivity of spring bird rape varieties in the conditions of the non-chernozem zone of Russia. The experiments were carried out on agro-gray loamy soils of the experimental agrotechnological station of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Ryazan State Agrotechnological University” (FSBEI HE RSATU) in the Ryazan Region in 2016-2018. A level of mineral nutrition for spring bird rape was calculated asN180P100K100. Based on this, the options for mineral nutrition in research were established. According to the results of the experiments, the duration of the growing season of spring bird rape varieties was established: 73-91 days.An increase in nitrogen to 150 kg of the active substance turned out to be less effective, as the yield increased slightly or remained at the level of N90P50K50. The use of phosphoruspotassium fertilizers did not contribute to the creation of such a nutritional regime that would increase seed productivity. An increase in the nitrogen nutrition of the plants led to increased protein content anddecreased oil content in seeds. This trend was observed in all varieties of spring bird rape. The average oil content was 38.5-45.5% and the average protein contentwas 18.0-24.7%, depending on the variety and the level of mineral nutrition. On average, the highest oil content was shown by varieties Lipchanka (44.1%) and Kulta (42.6%). Keywords: agro-gray soil, level of mineral nutrition, oil content, productivity, spring bird rape, variety

Seeds of spring brassica campestris in the diets of chickens-broilers

In order to save soybean meal, sunflower oil and reduce the cost of rations, new sources of raw materials can be used. In modern conditions, attention is drawn to the brassica rapa campestris, the seeds of which can be used as a fat and protein supplement. Experiments were carried out to determine the optimal rate for the introduction of seeds of spring rape variety Nadezhda into compound feed for growing broiler chickens. It has been established that this variety belongs to canola varieties and can be included up to 7% (by weight) in the composition of mixed fodders, does not have a negative effect on the state of the body and the growth rate of broiler chickens. The introduction of seeds of spring rape to 7% in the composition of feed for broiler chickens reduces the use of soybean meal to 4.7% and sunflower oil to 2.3% (relative). The efficiency of conversion to products by group was 61.93 % in the control group and 62.18% to 63.62% in the experimental group, respectively.