Periarticular Ossification at the Elbow Joint and Meniscal Ossification in the Stifle Joint of Pigs - Occurrence, Pathomorphology, Breed Differences and Correlations with Osteochondrosis, Leg Weakness and Production Parameters

Subjective, objective and photographic image using software Auto CAD programme were used for evaluation of limb conformation in 51 jumping thoroughbred horses. The abnormal limb conformations were included: standing under in front (58%), steep shoulder (55%), carpus valgus (45%), calf knee (31%), standing under behind (31%), short pelvis (31%) and straight hocks (16%). Linear and angular limb measurements showed standing under in front had increased elbow joint lateral angle, and decreased fore fetlock joint lateral angle. Steep shoulder displayed a significant increase (P< 0.05) in shoulder joint lateral angle and significant decrease in forearm front length. calf knee horses had significant decrease in the lateral angle of carpus joint. Short pelvis had a significant decrease in lateral length of pelvis and significant increase in croup angle and stifle joint lateral angle. Straight hocks showed the lateral length of both pelvis and gaskin showed a significant decrease and significant increase in the stifle joint lateral angle. Therefore, the current use of linear and angular measurements in relationships to abnormal limb conformation in the present study will allow for estimation of the future performance and soundness in jumping thoroughbred horses. In addition can be considered for selection athletic horse with less risk of lameness.

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Bone dysplasias in the labrador retriever: a radiographic study

Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association ◽

10.5326/15473317-35-4-332 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 332-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

JP Morgan ◽

A Wind ◽

AP Davidson

Keyword(s):

Humeral Head ◽

Elbow Joint ◽

Hip Dysplasia ◽

Femoral Condyle ◽

Radiographic Study ◽

Stifle Joint ◽

Elbow Dysplasia ◽

Bone Dysplasias ◽

One Year ◽

Labrador Retrievers

A radiographic study of the humeral head, elbow joint, hip joint, stifle joint, tarsal joint, and lumbosacral (LS) junction was performed in 1,018 Labrador retrievers in search for humeral head, femoral condyle, and tarsal osteochondroses; elbow and hip dysplasias; and transitional LS vertebrae. The ages of all dogs reported were one year or older. Elbow dysplasia was detected as the most common lesion (17.8%), with a higher prevalence in the male dog. Hip dysplasia was the second most common lesion (12.6%) and was found equally in the male and female. Elbows and hips were often affected in the same dog (4.2%). Transitional vertebral segments were found more frequently in the female (4.2%) than in the male (1.0%), and the condition was thought to be inherited.

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Biomechanical Properties of the Stifle Joint Lateral Collateral Ligament in Dogs

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1633103 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 05 (04) ◽

pp. 158-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. Blackketter ◽

J Harari ◽

J. Dupuis

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Cruciate Ligament ◽

Lateral Collateral Ligament ◽

Biomechanical Properties ◽

Fibular Head ◽

Joint Stability ◽

Collateral Ligament ◽

Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽

Stifle Joint

Bone/lateral collateral ligament/bone preparations were tested and structural mechanical properties compared to properties of cranial cruciate ligament in 15 dogs. The lateral collateral ligament has sufficient stiffness to provide stifle joint stability and strength to resist acute overload following fibular head transposition.

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The Effect of Total Meniscectomy versus Caudal Pole Hemimeniscectomy on the Stifle Joint of the Sheep

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1632463 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 12 (02) ◽

pp. 56-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

C. R. Bellenger ◽

P. Ghosh ◽

Y. Numata ◽

C. Little ◽

D. S. Simpson

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Articular Cartilage ◽

Fibrous Tissue ◽

Cartilage Degeneration ◽

Medial Compartment ◽

Proteoglycan Synthesis ◽

Stifle Joint ◽

Medial Meniscectomy ◽

Tibial Condyle ◽

Articular Cartilage Degeneration

SummaryTotal medial meniscectomy and caudal pole hemimeniscectomy were performed on the stifle joints of twelve sheep. The two forms of meniscectomy produced a comparable degree of postoperative lameness that resolved within two weeks of the operations. After six months the sheep were euthanatised and the stifle joints examined. Fibrous tissue that replaced the excised meniscus in the total meniscectomy group did not cover as much of the medial tibial condyle as the residual cranial pole and caudal fibrous tissue observed following hemimeniscectomy. The articular cartilage from different regions within the joints was examined for gross and histological evidence of degeneration. Analyses of the articular cartilage for water content, glycosaminoglycan composition and DNA content were performed. The proteoglycan synthesis and release from explanted articular cartilage samples in tissue culture were also measured. There were significant pathological changes in the medial compartment of all meniscectomised joints. The degree of articular cartilage degeneration that was observed following total meniscectomy and caudal pole meniscectomy was similar. Caudal pole hemimeniscectomy, involving transection of the meniscus, causes the same degree of degeneration of the stifle joint that occurs following total meniscectomy.The effect of total medial meniscectomy versus caudal pole hemimeniscectomy on the stifle joint of sheep was studied experimentally. Six months after the operations gross pathology, histopathology, cartilage biochemical analysis and the rate of proteoglycan synthesis in tissue culture were used to compare the articular cartilage harvested from the meniscectomised joints. Degeneration of the articular cartilage from the medial compartment of the joints was present in both of the groups. Caudal pole hemimeniscectomy induces a comparable degree of articular cartilage degeneration to total medial meniscectomy in the sheep stifle joint.

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Isolated Lateral Meniscal Tear in the Dog

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1633280 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 01 (03/04) ◽

pp. 152-154

Author(s):

S. Johnson ◽

D. Hulse

Keyword(s):

External Rotation ◽

Femoral Condyle ◽

Meniscal Tear ◽

Lateral Meniscus ◽

Surgical Excision ◽

Human Beings ◽

Stifle Joint ◽

Microscopic Pathology ◽

Bucket Handle Tear ◽

Bucket Handle

degenerative changes of the involved stifle joint associated with a “bucket handle” tear of the caudal body of the lateral meniscus. Surgical excision of the torn section of meniscus was beneficial in the first patient but this patient had persistant difficulty with the leg after exercise. Gross and microscopic pathology of the involved stifle in the second patient showed the meniscal lesion to be associated with severe cartilage fibrillation of the overlying lateral femoral condyle. As in human beings, the mechanism of injury may have been placement of the foot during vigorous external rotation of the femur with the stifle flexed. Extension of the limb from this position could have resulted in an isolated tear of the lateral meniscus.

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Effect of Suture Type on Stifle Joint Biomechanics After Extra-Articular Repair of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Transection in the Dog

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1633270 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 4 (04) ◽

pp. 144-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. S. Bauer ◽

W. E. Blevins ◽

W. R. Widmer ◽

Jaqueline Davidson ◽

S. W. Aiken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cruciate Ligament ◽

Tibial Tuberosity ◽

Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽

Stifle Joint ◽

Ligament Rupture ◽

Cruciate Ligament Rupture ◽

Before And After ◽

Joint Biomechanics ◽

Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture

SummaryThe effect of two suture types, monofilament polybutester and braided polyester, on stifle joint biomechanics after extra-articular repair of cranial cruciate ligament rupture was evaluated by analysis of the instant centre of motion. The instant centres of motion and resulting velocity vectors were determined radiographically on both stifles of eight fresh canine cadavers before and after cranial cruciate ligament transection. After ligament transection, all 16 stifles were repaired with an extra-articular technique utilizing a double strand of suture placed between the lateral fabella and the tibial tuberosity. One stifle on each cadaver was repaired with each suture type. The instant centres of motion and resulting velocity vectors were re-evaluated post repair. All stifles had normal instant centres of motion prior to transection of the cranial cruciate ligament. Neither ligament transection nor extra-articular repair with either suture type resulted in an abnormal change in the instant centre of motion.

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