scholarly journals Evaluation of Abnormal Limb Conformation in Jumping Thoroughbred Horses

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 1533
Author(s):  
M. B. MOSTAFA ◽  
N. A. SENNA ◽  
A. M. ABU-SEIDA ◽  
Y. M. ELEMMAWY
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Lateral Angle ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Thoroughbred Horses ◽  
Angular Measurements ◽  
Auto Cad ◽  
Athletic Horse ◽  
Lateral Length

Subjective, objective and photographic image using software Auto CAD programme were used for evaluation of limb conformation in 51 jumping thoroughbred horses. The abnormal limb conformations were included: standing under in front (58%), steep shoulder (55%), carpus valgus (45%), calf knee (31%), standing under behind (31%), short pelvis (31%) and straight hocks (16%). Linear and angular limb measurements showed standing under in front had increased elbow joint lateral angle, and decreased fore fetlock joint lateral angle. Steep shoulder displayed a significant increase (P< 0.05) in shoulder joint lateral angle and significant decrease in forearm front length. calf knee horses had significant decrease in the lateral angle of carpus joint. Short pelvis had a significant decrease in lateral length of pelvis and significant increase in croup angle and stifle joint lateral angle. Straight hocks showed the lateral length of both pelvis and gaskin showed a significant decrease and significant increase in the stifle joint lateral angle. Therefore, the current use of linear and angular measurements in relationships to abnormal limb conformation in the present study will allow for estimation of the future performance and soundness in jumping thoroughbred horses. In addition can be considered for selection athletic horse with less risk of lameness.

scholarly journals Біоморфологія м’язів, діючих на плечовий суглоб чорнодзьобої гагари

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (82) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
O.O. Melnyk ◽  
M.V. Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Gavia Immer ◽  
Environmental Sciences ◽  
National University ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
First Time

The article presents the results of studies of the biomorphological features of muscles acting on shoulder joint of some representatives of order Gaviiformes. Shoulder joint is a multifaceted joint, movements of which are provided not only by the muscles of the shoulder joint itself, but also some muscles of the shoulder girdle and elbow joint. It should be noted that the main muscles of the flight of birds are muscles of the shoulder girdle, in particular: thoracic and m. supracoracoideus. Also important are some of the muscles of the elbow, in particularm.coraco-radialis and m. scapula-triceps This is confirmed both by the points of fixation, and the degree of their development.The degree of development and differentiation of muscles acting on the shoulder joint is different, which is due to the peculiarities of the wing operation during the flight, and in waterfowl – peculiarities of underwater swimmingusing wings. The aim of this biomorphological study was understanding of development degree, and the main, mechanisms of differentiation and transformation of muscles acting on the shoulder joint of birds adapted to the aquatic habitat.Material for research was obtained from the funds of the Department of anatomy of Animals named after acad. V.G. Kasyanenko of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, where the muscle structures of the shoulder joint were studied on  black-tailed gagar Gavia immer in number of 3 individuals. Birds of Gaviiformes order are characterized by a rapid, but little maneuverable flight. They are extremely well adapted to the aquatic environment and spend most of their lives in the water, leaving on land only during breeding. These birds perfectly swim and dive, and during diving use not only the pelvic fins but also the wings. This, in turn, imposes certain imprints on the degree of development and differentiation of the studied muscle groups. It was found that among the studied groups of muscles (shoulder girdle, shoulder and elbow joints) the most developed group of muscles is shoulder girdle – 86%. The muscle groups of the elbow – 8.5% and the shoulder – 5.4% of the joints are significantly less. In addition, for the first time, we have found that the largest in its development among all the muscles examined - the thoracic muscle (the group of muscles of the shoulder girdle) has significant differences in comparison with other species of birds. These differences consist in the fact that this muscle is clearly differentiated into two separate layers, in fact two separate muscles – superficial and deep, most of which are developed superficial. Such a differentiation is due to biomorphological adaptations to the habitat. 

scholarly journals Influence of Elbow Joint Position on Shoulder Joint External Rotation Movement: An Ultra-sound Sonography Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 731-734
Author(s):  
Takashi HAYATA ◽  
Ayano HAYATA ◽  
Satomi OGURA ◽  
Yuitirou MIURA ◽  
Hirohumi WATANABE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Ultra Sound ◽  
Joint Position

scholarly journals JOINTS ACTIVITY AND ITS ROLE IN THE UPPER EXTREMITY IN BADMINTON STROKES: A BIOMECHANICAL PERSPECTIVE OF SPORTS EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-529
Author(s):  
Mottakin Ahmed ◽  
G. D. Ghai
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Joint Angle ◽  
Wrist Joint ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Total N ◽  
Practice Group

Purpose of the Study: This study aims to describe the muscle activity and its role in the upper extremity in Badminton Strokes and also investigates the Kinematics differences of Badminton forehand overhead shot, i.e., precise, smash and drop in wrist joint, elbow joint, and shoulder Joint from a biomechanics perspective. Methodology: Total [n=10] numbers of male badminton players were randomly selected from the badminton match practice group of L.N.I.P.E. Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India. The match practice group consisted of (n=78) players who at least participated in Inter-University badminton competition, and their age ranges from 17-25 years of old. Go Pro HERO 7, 2D camera was used. A video camera was mounted on a tripod at a height of 1.05 meters from the ground. 2D data of wrist joint, elbow joint, and shoulder joint were put in Kinovea 0.8.27 software. One way ANOVA was used. Principal Findings: The results of the finding demonstrate that Brain vibrations, paradoxically, are critical to the stability of movement and high performance. There are significant muscle activity and kinematics differences among forehand clear, forehand smash and forehand drop-in shoulder joint angle, elbow joint angle, and wrist joint angle. Applications of this Study: The Study may use by the badminton Players as well as coaches for the successful execution of badminton Skill. This study will provide the mechanical area of movement of badminton Players. The same kind of study may use in other games. Novelty/Originality of this Study: The Study explores the mechanical advantages of badminton forehand overhead Skill. It will give the reader new ideas to think of a similar kind of study in different games.

scholarly journals Біоморфологічні особливості м’язів, діючих на плечовий суглоб, деяких представників ряду горобцеподібних – Ordо Passeriformes

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (77) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
O.O. Melnyk ◽  
M.V. Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
National University ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Shoulder Girdle Muscles ◽  
Fixation Points

Biomorphological features of muscles that act on the shoulder joint of some representatives of orderPasseriformes are represented in the article. As shoulder joint of birds has many axes, not only the muscles of the shoulder joint provide the movements in it, but some of the muscles of the shoulder girdle and elbow joint. It should be noted that the main flight muscles of birds are the shoulder girdle muscles, including the chest (m. pectoralis) and supra-coracoid muscles. Some muscles of an elbow joint, including m. coracoradialis and m. scapuli triceps, are equally important. However, the amount of muscles that somehow act on the shoulder joint of the investigated birds' species is different, the degree of muscle development in these species is also different. In order to understand the degree of development, particularly mechanisms of differentiation and development of muscle structures, a comprehensive study of the muscles of the shoulder girdle, shoulder and elbow joints was conducted. The material for the research was obtained from the funds of the Department of animal anatomy named after acad. V.G. Kasyanenko of National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, where the studies of muscular structures of the shoulder joint of some representatives of order Passeriformes, including raven (Corvus corax), rook (Corvus fragilegus), waxwings (Bombycilla garrulous), were conducted. Research of muscles of the shoulder joint, shoulder girdle and elbow joint of birds was performed on fresh or fixed in 10% formalin solution cadavers. After describing and defining of fixation points of the muscles, they were dissected to determine the location of the muscle fibers. In addition, in order to determine the degree of development of muscles and muscle groups, each muscle was weighed. During the research, muscles were drawn or pictured to complement the work with illustrative material. There was no larger or smaller muscle neither in muscle group of shoulder, nor elbow joint that should be significantly for each case. There is no clear stability in the development of muscle groups of these joints. At the same time, muscle group of elbow joint is more developed than the muscle group of shoulder joint. All these mentioned features of structure and differentiation of muscles, which act on the shoulder joint of birds, are caused by physical exertion, posed by adaptation to a different type, speed and duration of flight.

scholarly journals Kinematic instrumental analysis of the shoulder and elbow joint in normal conditions and with hypermobility of the joint in the gait cycle

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Olga I. Vorontcova ◽  
Larisa A. Udochkina ◽  
Marina S. Baranec ◽  
Marina V. Grechitaeva ◽  
Ludmila A. Goncharova
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Joint Hypermobility ◽  
Instrumental Method ◽  
Joint Hypermobility Syndrome ◽  
Arm Swing ◽  
Common Sign ◽  
Analysis System

Background. There is evidence for violation or a complete change in the arm swing cycle during walking in a number of pathologic conditions. Aim. We assess the functional state of the shoulder and elbow joints in normal conditions and with joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) using the kinematic instrumental method of analyzing gait. Material and methods. We studied 27 adolescent girls 1215 years old with JHS and healthy subjects. A Vicon motion capture analysis system (Vicon, Oxford, Great Britain) was used to record biomechanical parameters. Results. A decrease in limb movement amplitudes was noted in the shoulder joint around the frontal and sagittal axes in patients with JHS compared to the norm. During the arm swing cycle in the normal state, the shoulder is in a state of internal rotation, whereas in the girls with JHS, the shoulder is in a state of external rotation for most of the arm swing cycle. The elbow joint in the JHS subjects showed a significant increase in flexion angle of the forearm in the swing phase of 41.5 0.90 and a decrease in this angle in the stance phase. The JHS group also showed a decrease in power of the muscles acting on the shoulder joint. Conclusions. A common sign of changes in the range of motion of the links of the upper limb in the shoulder and elbow joints in subjects with JHS was decreased amplitude of their flexion and decreased power of the joints. In the adolescents with JHS in the shoulder joint, a significant decrease in the internal rotation angles and reduction of the limb was found.

Design and Modelling 4 DOFs Upper Limb Exoskeleton

2016 ◽  
Vol 823 ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Dan Mândru ◽  
Olimpiu Tǎtar ◽  
Simona Noveanu ◽  
Alexandru Ianoşi-Andreeva-Dimitrova
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Robotic Rehabilitation ◽  
Upper Limb Exoskeleton ◽  
Rehabilitation System ◽  
Wearable Exoskeleton

Based on upper limb’s biomechanisms, in this paper, a robotic rehabilitation system is presented. It is designed as a 4 DOFs wearable exoskeleton applicable for repetitive practice of passive or active movements of the arm in shoulder joint and forearm in elbow joint. The kinematic analysis of the proposed system is followed by the 3D model and a description of the developed prototype.

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