Experimental Biology 2000 Symposium on Differential Control of Sympathetic Outflow DIFFERENTIAL PATTERNS OF SYMPATHETIC RESPONSES TO SELECTIVE STIMULATION OF NUCLEUS TRACTUS SOLITARIUS PURINERGIC RECEPTOR SUBTYPES

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz J Scislo ◽  
Amy M Kitchen ◽  
Robert A Augustyniak ◽  
Donal S O'Leary
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius ◽  
Purinergic Receptor ◽  
Experimental Biology ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Sympathetic Outflow ◽  
Selective Stimulation ◽  
Sympathetic Responses ◽  
Differential Control ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Functional Characterization of Muscarinic Receptors in Human Schwann Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6666
Author(s):  
Roberta Piovesana ◽  
Alessandro Faroni ◽  
Ada Maria Tata ◽  
Adam J. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Muscarinic Receptor ◽  
Muscarinic Receptors ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Muscarinic Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Selective Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Functional characterization of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in myelinating glial cells has been well described both in central and peripheral nervous system. Rat Schwann cells (SCs) express different muscarinic receptor subtypes with the prevalence of the M2 subtype. The selective stimulation of this receptor subtype inhibits SC proliferation, improving their differentiation towards myelinating phenotype. In this work, we describe for the first time that human SCs are cholinoceptive as they express several muscarinic receptor subtypes and, as for rat SCs, M2 receptor is one of the most abundant. Human SCs, isolated from adult nerves, were cultured in vitro and stimulated with M2 muscarinic agonist arecaidine propargyl ester (APE). Similarly to that observed in rat, M2 receptor activation causes a decreased cell proliferation and promotes SC differentiation as suggested by increased Egr2 expression with an improved spindle-like shape cell morphology. Conversely, the non-selective stimulation of muscarinic receptors appears to promote cell proliferation with a reduction of SC average cell diameter. The data obtained demonstrate that human SCs are cholinoceptive and that human cultured SCs may represent an interesting tool to understand their physiology and increase the knowledge on how the cholinergic stimulation may contribute to address human SC development in normal and pathological conditions.

Differential control of sympathetic outflow

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (3) ◽  
pp. R683-R698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun F. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Response ◽  
Sympathetic Outflow ◽  
Autonomic Activity ◽  
Premotor Neurons ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
The Many ◽  
Differential Control ◽  
Physiological Substrates ◽  
Stimulation Of

With advances in experimental techniques, the early views of the sympathetic nervous system as a monolithic effector activated globally in situations requiring a rapid and aggressive response to life-threatening danger have been eclipsed by an organizational model featuring an extensive array of functionally specific output channels that can be simultaneously activated or inhibited in combinations that result in the patterns of autonomic activity supporting behavior and mediating homeostatic reflexes. With this perspective, the defense response is but one of the many activational states of the central autonomic network. This review summarizes evidence for the existence of tissue-specific sympathetic output pathways, which are likely to include distinct populations of premotor neurons whose target specificity could be assessed using the functional fingerprints developed from characterizations of postganglionic efferents to known targets. The differential responses in sympathetic outflows to stimulation of reflex inputs suggest that the circuits regulating the activity of sympathetic premotor neurons must have parallel access to groups of premotor neurons controlling different functions but that these connections vary in their ability to influence different sympathetic outputs. Understanding the structural and physiological substrates antecedent to premotor neurons that mediate the differential control of sympathetic outflows, including those to noncardiovascular targets, represents a challenge to our current technical and analytic approaches.

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