Monetization and financial development in Southeast Asia before the Second World War

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Huff
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Second World

Nigerian Forces Comforts Fund, 1940–1947: “The Responsibility of the Nigerian Government to Provide Funds for the Welfare of Its Soldiers”

Itinerario ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-542
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Nwafor Mordi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
East And Southeast Asia ◽  
Nigerian Government ◽  
The Military ◽  
Second World

AbstractThis study seeks to make an original contribution to the historiography of Africa and the Second World War. It examines the efforts of the Nigerian government and the British Army towards the welfare and comforts of Nigerian soldiers during their overseas services from 1940 to 1947. Their deployments in East Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia had brought the issue of their morale maintenance, namely comforts and welfare, to the fore. Extant Nigerian studies of the Second World War have been concerned with Nigerian contributions to Allied victory in terms of diverse economic exertions and those guided by charity towards Europeans affected by the German blitzkrieg, particularly in Britain. Consequently, this paper explains the genesis, objectives, and policy directions of the Nigerian Forces Comforts Fund and its impact on Nigerian servicemen's comforts and welfare. The study posits the argument that constant disagreements and indeed struggles for supremacy between the military and the civil power adversely affected troops’ comforts and welfare. Delayed postwar repatriation of the idle and bored troops to West Africa, in breach of openly proclaimed wartime promises, bred anxiety and made them prone to mutiny. The end of demobilisation in 1947 left many disgruntled ex-servicemen applying for reenlistment.

Globalization, Immigration, and Lewisian Elastic Labor in Pre–World War II Southeast Asia

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg Huff ◽  
Giovanni Caggiano
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Southeastern China ◽  
European Immigration ◽  
Elastic Labor Supply ◽  
Second World ◽  
India And China

Between 1880 and 1939 Burma, Malaya, and Thailand received inflows of migrants from India and China comparable in size to European immigration in the New World. This article examines the forces that lay behind migration to Southeast Asia and asks if experience there bears out Lewis's unlimited labor supply hypothesis. We find that it does and, furthermore, that immigration created a highly integrated labor market stretching from South India to Southeastern China. Emigration from India and China and elastic labor supply are identified as important components of Asian globalization before the Second World War.

Spitfires Sprouting in the Burmese Spring: The Real-life Quest for Historic Fantasy Aircraft in Contemporary Myanmar

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-146
Author(s):  
Jane M. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Military History ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Holy Grail ◽  
Royal Air Force ◽  
Military Regimes ◽  
Second World

AbstractIn 2013, a group of British aviation archaeologists began excavating in Myanmar in search of some 140 mint-condition crated Royal Air Force (RAF) Spitfire Mk XIV aircraft. According to their story, at the end of the Second World War, Allied forces in Burma were left with these unassembled aircraft. Without the funds to send them home, but unwilling to let the planes fall into enemy hands, they buried the crated planes in Mingaladon, Meiktila and Myitkyina. Like legends of pirate treasure, the story of these buried Spitfires carries with it fantastic aura and intrigue. For aviation fans, the pirate's gold is an iconic aircraft, meaningful in patriotic narratives for its role in the Battle of Britain. This paper will discuss this story as a form of military history folklore which is stoked by the orientalist perception that Burma/Myanmar's decades of military regimes and purported isolation indirectly ‘“preserved” the crated aircraft in time. As this paper will demonstrate, Burmese and others in Southeast Asia have their own legends of buried war materiel and treasure. This point, though largely lost on British aviation enthusiasts in their quest for their Spitfire ‘holy grail’, nevertheless crucially enabled their quest to manifest itself.

The Kwik Hoo Tong Trading Society of Semarang, Java: A Chinese Business Network in Late Colonial Asia

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Post
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
World War ◽  
Business Network ◽  
Chinese Business ◽  
Second World

The main argument of this article is that the middlemen paradigm which since the Second World War has come to dominate academic writings and popular perceptions of Chinese business in late colonial Indonesia is generally flawed, and has hindered the development of a more nuanced picture of the nature of Chinese economic activity in pre-war Southeast Asia.

scholarly journals Forgotten Forced Migrants of War: Civilian Internment of Japanese in British India, 1941–6

2021 ◽  
pp. 002200942199791
Author(s):  
Christine de Matos ◽  
Rowena Ward
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Second World War ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
British India ◽  
World War ◽  
South And Southeast Asia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Forced Migrants ◽  
Second World

The Second World War saw extraordinary movements of people, before, during and afterwards. Civilian internees are rarely considered part of this, and especially not those in South and Southeast Asia. Between December 1941 and May 1946, nearly 2700 Japanese civilians and colonial subjects from across Japan’s empire were interned in camps in British India. Mainly residents of Singapore and Malaya, these civilians were arrested and transferred by ship and train to India, where they were interned for all or part of the war. Their first ‘temporary’ camp was in Purana Qila, the Old Fort in New Delhi, from where some were repatriated to Japan in August 1942 as part of the Anglo-Japanese Civilian Exchange. The remaining civilians were moved to a more permanent camp at Deoli (Ajmer) in 1943. The internees experienced several hardships, including inadequate accommodation and disease. To date, little has been written about these internees and their journeys, especially in English. Weaving together archival sources, internee memoirs and non-English publications, this article seeks to reveal the experience of incarceration on internees in British India as forced migrants of war, and to consider reasons why the history of these internees remains largely invisible.

Prisoners of the Tree: Lee Blessing's American Eden

Prospects ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 619-634
Author(s):  
Steven Dedalus Burch
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
American Culture ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Garden Of Eden ◽  
American Capitalism ◽  
Second World

American Culture has almost from its beginnings claimed what may be the Western world's primary Judeo-Christian metaphor — that of the Garden of Eden. The vastness of its wilderness, the newness of its culture, and the plasticity of its identity allowed both its citizens and many outsiders to embrace their vision of America as a manifestation of humanity's earliest boon from its deity. In the 20th and 21st centuries, this metaphor has continued to be called forth at moments when the country's soul was perceived as being tested by the failure of American capitalism in the Depression, the country's tentative stretches toward Empire in Southeast Asia and the Middle East, and the Faustian unleashing of the atom at the end of the Second World War.

Regional Organizations in Southeast Asia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kilian Spandler
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Second World

Research on regional organizations in Southeast Asia began to form during the Second World War. Although not always explicit, realist assumptions informed most of this early scholarship. From the organization’s foundation in 1967 until the end of the Cold War, research focused almost exclusively on the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). In the 1990s, new regional initiatives led to a broadened empirical scope and encouraged the adoption of new perspectives from broader debates in International Relations theory, such as liberalism and constructivism. However, this increasing pluralism was still highly Western-centric in terms of its theoretical underpinnings. Since the 2000s, there has been a conscious effort, driven by scholars from inside and outside the region, to draw on critical and indigenous traditions of political thought in accounting for the distinctive features of regionalism in Southeast Asia. Despite the diversity of research questions and approaches, researchers keep returning to three central, long-standing themes: ASEAN’s institutional features, its effects and relevance, and its relation to the broader regional and global context. By exploring these issues, scholars of regional organizations in Southeast Asia have not just passively adopted insights from broader International Relations research but also driven conceptual and theoretical innovation, most notably regarding the development of non-Western approaches in International Relations.

scholarly journals When Legions Thunder Past: The Second World War and India’s Northeastern Frontier

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bérénice Guyot-Réchard
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Northeastern India ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
Push And Pull ◽  
Second World ◽  
National Borders

Between 1942 and 1945, the Patkai mountains of Assam and Manipur became India’s front line against Japan. This article charts the concatenation of political, cultural, and socio-economic transformations that the Second World War caused in a region that colonial authorities had tried to cordon off. The conflict had push-and-pull effects on the Patkai, intensifying direct state penetration yet reviving long-standing transregional ties with Tibet, China, and Southeast Asia. When ‘national’ borders appeared with Burma and India’s independence two years later, the effect was jarring. As such, the war was a watershed in the postcolonial evolution of northeastern India and northwestern Burma.

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