The not-so-private party

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
C. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Private Party

Freedom

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-163
Author(s):  
Neil Richards
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Freedom ◽  
Power Dynamic ◽  
Private Party ◽  
Political Beliefs ◽  
Big Brother

Privacy can nurture our ability to develop political beliefs, identities, and expression, and is thus an essential source of political power for citizens against the state. Privacy enables political freedom, letting us act as self-governing citizens, and it is hard to envision a functioning democracy without privacy. Many discussions of privacy and political freedom rely on Orwell’s metaphor of Big Brother, but that image is incomplete because it fails to include private-party surveillance. Surveillance of any kind, whether government or private, raises two particular dangers. First, surveillance threatens the intellectual privacy we need to make up our minds about political and social issues; being watched when we think, read, and communicate can cause us not to experiment with new, controversial, or deviant ideas. Second, surveillance changes the power dynamic between the watcher and the watched; the power surveillance gives to watchers creates risks of blackmail, discrimination, and coercive persuasion.

SWAZILAND: Mswati’s Private Party

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 19557C-19558B
Keyword(s):  
Private Party

scholarly journals Effect on background checks of newly-enacted comprehensive background check policies in Oregon and Washington: a synthetic control approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Castillo-Carniglia ◽  
Daniel W. Webster ◽  
Garen J. Wintemute
Keyword(s):  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Private Party ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Background Checks ◽  
Background Check ◽  
Criminal Background ◽  
Check System

Abstract Background Comprehensive background check (CBC) laws extend background check requirements to private party firearm transfers to prevent firearm acquisitions by prohibited persons. The aim of our study was to estimate the association between CBC policies and changes in background check rates for firearm acquisition in two states (Oregon and Washington) that have newly-enacted CBC policies. Methods We used data on handgun background checks from January 1999 to December 2018 from the National Instant Criminal Background Check System. Observed trends in exposed states were contrasted with counterfactual trends estimated with the synthetic control group method. Findings CBC policies were associated with increases in background checks in Oregon (by 18.0%; p = 0.074), but not in Washington (4%; p = 0.321). A gradual increase in private party checks was seen following enactment in Washington; however, firearm transactions coded as “private” represent less than 5% of total background checks in that state. Conclusions Comprehensive background check policies appear to be effective in increasing pre-firearm-sale background checks in Oregon but not in Washington. Differences appear to be related to variations in the proportion of firearm sales that are private party transfers and to gradual adaptation to the new law by private gun sellers.

scholarly journals Comprehensive background check policy and firearm background checks in three US states

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Castillo-Carniglia ◽  
Rose M C Kagawa ◽  
Daniel W Webster ◽  
Jon S Vernick ◽  
Magdalena Cerdá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Private Party ◽  
Background Checks ◽  
Background Check ◽  
Consistent Increase ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data

BackgroundComprehensive background check (CBC) policies are hypothesised to reduce firearm-related violence because they extend background checks to private party firearm sales, but no study has determined whether these policies actually increase background checks, an expected intermediary outcome. We evaluate the association between CBC policies and the rates of firearm background checks in three states that recently implemented these policies: Delaware (July 2013), Colorado (July 2013) and Washington (December 2014).MethodsWe used the synthetic control group method to estimate the difference from estimated counterfactual postintervention trends in the monthly rate of background checks per 1 00 000 people for handguns, long guns and both types combined, using data for January 1999 through December 2016. Inference was based on results from permutation tests. We conducted multiple sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of our results.ResultsBackground check rates increased in Delaware, by 22%–34% depending on the type of firearm, following enactment of its CBC law. No overall changes were observed in Washington and Colorado. Our results were robust to changes in the comparison group and statistical methods.ConclusionsThe enactment of CBC policies was associated with an overall increase in firearm background checks only in Delaware. Data external to the study suggest that Washington experienced a modest, but consistent, increase in background checks for private party sales, and Colorado experienced a similar increase in checks for sales not at gun shows. Non-compliance may explain the lack of an overall increase in background checks in Washington and Colorado.

scholarly journals The Utilization of Caveat Emptor in CERCLA Private Party Cleanups

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Michael Andrew O'Hara
Keyword(s):  
Caveat Emptor ◽  
Private Party

What enables a private party to expropriate an individual from an estate in Korea?*

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
Jin-Sik Yoo ◽  
NooRi Se
Keyword(s):  
Private Party
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