Medical imaging, navigation, and robotics - technical solutions for clinical problems

A note on robotics and artificial intelligence in pharmacy

Applied Drug Research, Clinical Trials and Regulatory Affairs ◽

10.2174/2667337108666211206151551 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 08 ◽

Author(s):

Sankha Bhattacharya

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Development Process ◽

Pharmaceutical Companies ◽

Drug Products ◽

Drug Molecules ◽

Wide Range ◽

Organ Tissue ◽

Technical Solutions ◽

And Robotics

: Artificial intelligence and robotics are two of the hottest and most recent technologies to emerge from the world of science. There is tremendous potential for these technologies to solve a wide range of pharmaceutical problems, including the reduction of the enormous amounts of money and time invested in the drug discovery and development process, technical solutions related to the quality of drug products, and an increase in the demand for pharmaceuticals. Nanorobotics is a new subfield that has emerged from the field of robotics itself. This technique makes use of robots that are as small as nano- or micron-sized to diagnose diseases and deliver drugs to the targeted organ, tissue, or cell. These techniques, as well as their various applications in the pharmacy sector, are extensively discussed throughout this article. Internationally renowned pharmaceutical companies are collaborating with Artificial Intelligence behemoths in order to revolutionise the discovery and development process of potential drug molecules and to ensure the highest possible quality in their products.

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Artificial Intelligence And Robotics : A Changing And Challenging Future Of Pharmacy

The Chinese Journal of Artificial Intelligence ◽

10.2174/2666782701666210709105000 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 01 ◽

Author(s):

Saranjit Singh ◽

Geeta Rajput ◽

R. K. Narang ◽

Balak Das Kurmi

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Target Organ ◽

Pharmaceutical Companies ◽

Medicinal Products ◽

New Science ◽

Drug Molecules ◽

Working Together ◽

Organ Tissue ◽

Technical Solutions ◽

And Robotics

: Artificial intelligence and robotics are both trendy and new science word technologies. These advances can address many pharmaceutical problems, including reducing the vast amount of money and time spent on drug development and manufacturing, technical solutions related to the protection of medicinal products, and the medication demand. The new subfield of nanorobotics comes from robotics itself. In the diagnosis and supply of drugs to the target organ, tissue, and cell, robots' nano or micron-scale is used. All these strategies are extensively discussed in this review for each of their pharmacy applications. Renowned pharmaceutical companies are working together with giant Artificial Intelligence to revolutionize potential drug molecules' discovery, production, and efficiency.

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Specimen Preparation for Clinical Applications of X-Ray Microanalysis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100135241 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 328-329

Author(s):

J.D. Shelburne ◽

G.M. Roomans

Keyword(s):

Carbon Coating ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Point Of View ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Sweat Test ◽

Specimen Preparation ◽

Tissue Preparation ◽

X Ray ◽

Gallbladder Stones ◽

Clinical Problems

Proper preparative procedures are a prerequisite for the validity of the results of x-ray microanalysis of biological tissue. Clinical applications of x-ray microanalysis are often concerned with diagnostic problems and the results may have profound practical significance for the patient. From this point of view it is especially important that specimen preparation for clinical applications is carried out correctly.Some clinical problems require very little tissue preparation. Hair, nails, and kidney and gallbladder stones may be examined and analyzed after carbon coating. High levels of zinc or copper in hair may be indicative of dermatological or systemic diseases. Nail clippings may be analyzed (as an alternative to the more conventional sweat test) to confirm a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. X-ray microanalysis in combination with scanning electron microscopy has been shown to be the most reliable method for the identification of the components of kidney or gallbladder stones.A quantitatively very important clinical application of x-ray microanalysis is the identification and quantification of asbestos and other exogenous particles in lung.

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On-line image readout in CTEM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100169730 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 400-401

Author(s):

K.-H. Herrmann ◽

W. D. Rau ◽

R. Sikeler

Keyword(s):

Primary Electron ◽

Digital Information ◽

Electron Hole ◽

Detection Technology ◽

Long Time ◽

On Line ◽

Electron Image ◽

Optical Transfer ◽

Detection Quantum Efficiency ◽

Technical Solutions

Quantitative recording of electron patterns and their rapid conversion into digital information is an outstanding goal which the photoplate fails to solve satisfactorily. For a long time, LLL-TV cameras have been used for EM adjustment but due to their inferior pixel number they were never a real alternative to the photoplate. This situation has changed with the availability of scientific grade slow-scan charged coupled devices (CCD) with pixel numbers exceeding 106, photometric accuracy and, by Peltier cooling, both excellent storage and noise figures previously inaccessible in image detection technology. Again the electron image is converted into a photon image fed to the CCD by some light optical transfer link. Subsequently, some technical solutions are discussed using the detection quantum efficiency (DQE), resolution, pixel number and exposure range as figures of merit.A key quantity is the number of electron-hole pairs released in the CCD sensor by a single primary electron (PE) which can be estimated from the energy deposit ΔE in the scintillator,

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