FREQUENCY REGULATION IN ISLAND GRIDS WITH BATTERY STORAGE PARTICIPATING IN AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROL

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Papakonstantinou ◽  
G. N. Psarros ◽  
S. A. Papathanassiou
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Automatic Generation Control ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Battery Storage ◽  
Generation Control

scholarly journals On the Contribution of Wind Farms in Automatic Generation Control: Review and New Control Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arman Oshnoei ◽  
Rahmat Khezri ◽  
SM Muyeen ◽  
Frede Blaabjerg
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Automatic Generation Control ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Proportional Integral ◽  
Generation Control

Wind farms can contribute to ancillary services to the power system, by advancing and adopting new control techniques in existing, and also in new, wind turbine generator systems. One of the most important aspects of ancillary service related to wind farms is frequency regulation, which is partitioned into inertial response, primary control, and supplementary control or automatic generation control (AGC). The contribution of wind farms for the first two is well addressed in literature; however, the AGC and its associated controls require more attention. In this paper, in the first step, the contribution of wind farms in supplementary/load frequency control of AGC is overviewed. As second step, a fractional order proportional-integral-differential (FOPID) controller is proposed to control the governor speed of wind turbine to contribute to the AGC. The performance of FOPID controller is compared with classic proportional-integral-differential (PID) controller, to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed control method in the frequency regulation of a two-area power system. Furthermore, the effect of penetration level of wind farms on the load frequency control is analyzed.

scholarly journals Ancillary services from wind turbines: automatic generation control (AGC) from a single Type 4 turbine

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldrich Rebello ◽  
David Watson ◽  
Marianne Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Market Price ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Ancillary Services ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Automatic Generation Control ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
International Electrotechnical Commission ◽  
Generation Control

Abstract. Wind turbines possess the technical ability to provide various ancillary services to the electrical grid. Despite this, renewable generators such as wind and solar have traditionally not been allowed to provide significant amounts of ancillary services, in part due to the variable and uncertain nature of their electricity generation. Increasing levels of renewable generation, however, continue to displace existing synchronous generation and thus necessitate new sources of ancillary or system services. This work is part of an ongoing project that seeks to provide empirical evidence and an examination of how ancillary services can be provided from commercially available wind turbines. We focus specifically on providing secondary frequency response (automatic generation control or AGC) and demonstrate that wind turbines have the technical capability to provide this service. The algorithms used are intentionally simple so as to evaluate the capabilities and limitations of the turbine technology. This work presents results from a single, 800 kW, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Type 4 wind turbine. A total of 10 % of rated power is offered on the regulation market. We do not separate up- and downregulation into individual services. Upregulation is offered through a 5 % constant power curtailment. The AGC update interval is 4 s, to mimic real-world conditions. We use performance scoring methods from the Pennsylvania–Jersey–Maryland (PJM) operator and the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada to quantify the wind turbine's response. We use the calculated performance scores, annual site wind data, and 2017 PJM market price data to estimate income from providing secondary frequency regulation. In all cases presented, income from the regulation market is greater than the energy income lost due to curtailment.

A FO-PID Controlled Automatic Generation Control of Multi Area Power Systems Tuned by Harmony Search

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Aurobindo Behera ◽  
Tapas K. Panigrahi ◽  
Arun K. Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Harmony Search ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Automatic Generation Control ◽  
Similar System ◽  
Thermal Plant ◽  
Clear Idea ◽  
Generation Control ◽  
Fractional Controller

Background: Power system stability demands minimum variation in frequency, so that loadgeneration balance is maintained throughout the operation period. An Automatic Generation Control (AGC) monitors the frequency and varies the generation to maintain the balance. A system with multiple energy sources and use of a fractional controller for efficient control of stability is presented in the paper. At the outset a 2-area thermal system with governor dead band, generation rate constraint and boiler dynamics have been applied. Methods: A variation of load is deliberated for the study of the considered system with Harmony Search (HS) algorithm, applied for providing optimization of controller parameters. Integral Square Time Square Error (ISTSE) is chosen as objective function for handling the process of tuning controller parameters. : A study of similar system with various lately available techniques such as TLBO, hFA-PS and BFOA applied to PID, IDD and PIDD being compared to HS tuned fractional controller is presented under step and dynamic load change. The effort extended to a single area system with reheat thermal plant, hydel plant and a unit of wind plant is tested with the fractional controller scheme. Results: The simulation results provide a clear idea of the superiority of the combination of HS algorithm and FO-PID controller, under dynamically changing load. The variation of load is taken from 1% to 5% of the connected load. Conclusion: Finally, system robustness is shown by modifying essential factors by ± 30%.

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