scholarly journals Feasibility analysis of a hybrid auxiliary power unit for pleasure boats

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 05005
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Ferrari ◽  
Guido Francesco Frate ◽  
Romano Giglioli ◽  
Alessia Girolami ◽  
Gianluca Pasini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Unit ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Power Generator ◽  
Auxiliary Power Unit ◽  
Auxiliary Power ◽  
Hybrid Solution ◽  
Points Of View

To reduce the pollutant emissions in the naval sector, the use of alternative fuels and new power generator systems are both promising solutions. In this study, the feasibility of replacing a pleasure boat Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) with a hybrid solution is studied from the economic and technical points of view. Several power generation technologies and layouts are considered. Many configurations were investigated, from hybrid battery/diesel generator to innovative layouts including fuel cell with onboard Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) reforming for hydrogen production. Since hybrid APUs may yield significant advantages in terms of both environmental and noise pollution, the opportunity of operating the system for several hours without powering up the traditional generators is also considered. For each configuration, CO2 and NOx emissions, purchasing and operating costs, as well as weight and volume, are estimated. Emissions may be reduced up to 20 % and 60 % for CO2 and NOx, respectively, and fuel cost reductions up to 35 % may be achieved.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Cycle Properties, Noise, and Air Pollutant Emissions of an APS3200 Auxiliary Power Unit

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Siebel ◽  
Jan Zanger ◽  
Andreas Huber ◽  
Manfred Aigner ◽  
Karsten Knobloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Unit ◽  
Acoustic Noise ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Noise Emission ◽  
Auxiliary Power Unit ◽  
Auxiliary Power ◽  
Power Load

Auxiliary power unit (APU) operators face increasingly stricter airport requirements concerning exhaust gas and noise emission levels. To simultaneously reduce exhaust gas and noise emissions and to satisfy the increasing demand of electric power on board, optimization of the current technology is necessary. Prior to any possible demonstration of optimization potential, detailed data of thermodynamic properties and emissions have to be determined. Therefore, the investigations presented in this paper were conducted at a full-scale APU of an operational aircraft. A Pratt & Whitney (East Hartford, CT) APS3200, commonly installed in the Airbus A320 aircraft family, was used for measurements of the reference data. In order to describe the APS3200, the full spectrum of feasible power load and bleed air mass flow combinations were adjusted during the study. Their effect on different thermodynamic and performance properties, such as exhaust gas temperature, pressure as well as electric and overall efficiency is described. Furthermore, the mass flows of the inlet air, exhaust gas, and fuel input were determined. Additionally, the work reports the exhaust gas emissions regarding the species CO2, CO, and NOx as a function of load point. Moreover, the acoustic noise emissions are presented and discussed. With the provided data, the paper serves as a database for validating numerical simulations and provides a baseline for current APU technology.

Experimental Investigation of Cycle Properties, Noise and Air Pollutant Emissions of an APS3200 Auxiliary Power Unit

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Siebel ◽  
Jan Zanger ◽  
Andreas Huber ◽  
Manfred Aigner ◽  
Karsten Knobloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Unit ◽  
Acoustic Noise ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Noise Emission ◽  
Auxiliary Power Unit ◽  
Auxiliary Power ◽  
Power Load

Auxiliary power unit (APU) operators face increasingly stricter airport requirements concerning exhaust gas and noise emission levels. To simultaneously reduce exhaust gas and noise emissions and to satisfy the increasing demand of electric power on board, optimization of the current technology is necessary. Prior to any possible demonstration of optimization potential, detailed data of thermodynamic properties and emissions have to be determined. Therefore, the investigations presented in this paper were conducted at a full-scale APU of an operational aircraft. A Pratt & Whitney APS3200, commonly installed in the Airbus A320 aircraft family, was used for measurements of the reference data. In order to describe the APS3200, the full spectrum of feasible power load and bleed air mass flow combinations were adjusted during the study. Their effect on different thermodynamic and performance properties, such as exhaust gas temperature, pressure as well as electric and overall efficiency is described. Furthermore, the mass flows of the inlet air, exhaust gas and fuel input were determined. Additionally, the work reports the exhaust gas emissions regarding the species CO2, CO and NOx as a function of load point. Moreover the acoustic noise emissions are presented and discussed. With the provided data the paper serves as a database for validating numerical simulations and provides a baseline for current APU technology.

scholarly journals The effect of alternative fuels on gaseous and particulate matter (PM) emission performance in an auxiliary power unit (APU)

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (1263) ◽  
pp. 617-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Khandelwal ◽  
J. Cronly ◽  
I.S. Ahmed ◽  
C.J. Wijesinghe ◽  
C. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Unit ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Auxiliary Power Unit ◽  
Auxiliary Power ◽  
Reduce Emissions

ABSTRACTThere is a growing interest in the use of alternative fuels in gas turbine engines to reduce emissions. Testing of alternative fuels is expensive when done on a large-scale gas turbine engine. In this study, a re-commissioned small gas turbine auxiliary power unit (APU) has been used to test various blends of Jet A-1, synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK) and diesel with as well as eight other novel fuels. A detailed analysis of performance, gaseous emissions and particulate emissions has been presented in this study. It is observed that aromatic content in general as well as the particular chemical composition of the aromatic compound plays a vital role in particulate emissions generation. SPK fuel shows substantially lower particulate emissions with respect to Jet A. However, not all the species of aromatics negatively impact particulate emissions. Gaseous emissions measured are comparable for all the fuels tested in this study.

Gaseous and Particulate Emissions Results of the NASA Alternative Aviation Fuel Experiment (AAFEX)

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Bulzan ◽  
Bruce Anderson ◽  
Changlie Wey ◽  
Robert Howard ◽  
Edward Winstead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Auxiliary Power Unit ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Auxiliary Power ◽  
Engine Power

The Aircraft Alternative Fuels Emissions experiment (AAFEX) was conducted at National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) Dryden Flight Research Center (DFRC) Aircraft Operations Facility (DAOF) in Palmdale, California, during January and February 2009. The purpose was to systematically investigate the effect of alternative fuels on both gas-phase and particle emissions from a CFM56-2C1 engine on NASA’s DC-8 aircraft parked on the ground as functions of engine power, fuel composition, and exhaust plume age. Emissions parameters were measured at 6 engine power settings, ranging from idle to maximum thrust, in samples collected at 1, 30, and 145 meters (m) downstream of the exhaust plane as the aircraft burned three pure fuels and two fuel blends. The fuels included JP-8, two fuels produced using the Fischer-Tropsch process and 50/50 blends by volume of the F-T fuels with JP-8. The 1 m sampling rakes contained multiple gas and particle inlet probes and could also be traversed in order to measure the spatial variation of emissions across the engine exhaust plane. The #2 inboard engine on the left side always burned JP-8 while the #3 inboard right side engine was fueled with the various fuels and fuel blends. In addition, emissions from the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) were also evaluated with both JP-8 and one pure F-T fuel. Both gaseous and particulate emissions are presented. Results show that the synthetic fuels reduced pollutant emissions while having relatively little effect on engine operation or performance.

Approximation of Payback Period of Fuel Cell Auxiliary Power Unit for Large Trucks

2009 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-229
Author(s):  
Noboru Katayama ◽  
Hideyuki Kamiyama ◽  
Yusuke Kudo ◽  
Sumio Kogoshi ◽  
Takafumi Fukada
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Unit ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Auxiliary Power Unit ◽  
Auxiliary Power

Electric auxiliary power unit for Shuttle evolution

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOUG MEYER ◽  
KENT WEBER ◽  
WALTER SCOTT
Keyword(s):  
Power Unit ◽  
Auxiliary Power Unit ◽  
Auxiliary Power

scholarly journals Improving EGT sensing data anomaly detection of aircraft auxiliary power unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 448-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liansheng LIU ◽  
Yu PENG ◽  
Lulu WANG ◽  
Yu DONG ◽  
Datong LIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
Power Unit ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Auxiliary Power Unit ◽  
Auxiliary Power

Low-Emissions Technology Development for Auxiliary Power Unit Combustion Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bronson ◽  
Rudy Dudebout ◽  
Nagaraja Rudrapatna
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Unit ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Auxiliary Power Unit ◽  
Criteria Pollutants ◽  
Auxiliary Power ◽  
Combustion Systems ◽  
Aircraft Application

Abstract The aircraft Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) is required to provide power to start the main engines, conditioned air and power when there are no facilities available and, most importantly, emergency power during flight operation. Given the primary purpose of providing backup power, APUs have historically been designed to be extremely reliable while minimizing weight and fabrication cost. Since APUs are operated at airports especially during taxi operations, the emissions from the APUs contribute to local air quality. There is clearly significant regulatory and public interest in reducing emissions from all sources at airports, including from APUs. As such, there is a need to develop technologies that reduce criteria pollutants, namely oxides of nitrogen (NOx), unburned hydrocarbons (UHC), carbon monoxide (CO) and smoke (SN) from aircraft APUs. Honeywell has developed a Low-Emissions (Low-E) combustion system technology for the 131-9 and HGT750 family of APUs to provide significant reduction in pollutants for narrow-body aircraft application. This article focuses on the combustor technology and processes that have been successfully utilized in this endeavor, with an emphasis on abating NOx. This paper describes the 131-9/HGT750 APU, the requirements and challenges for small gas turbine engines, and the selected strategy of Rich-Quench-Lean (RQL) combustion. Analytical and experimental results are presented for the current generation of APU combustion systems as well as the Low-E system. The implementation of RQL aerodynamics is well understood within the aero-gas turbine engine industry, but the application of RQL technology in a configuration with tangential liquid fuel injection which is also required to meet altitude ignition at 41,000 ft is the novelty of this development. The Low-E combustion system has demonstrated more than 25% reduction in NOx (dependent on the cycle of operation) vs. the conventional 131-9 combustion system while meeting significant margins in other criteria pollutants. In addition, the Low-E combustion system achieved these successes as a “drop-in” configuration within the existing envelope, and without significantly impacting combustor/turbine durability, combustor pressure drop, or lean stability.

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