scholarly journals Phylogenetic and Phylogeographic Analysis of DENV-1 Genotype Ⅰ in Asian-Pacific Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 01012
Author(s):  
Deyan Yang ◽  
Haiqi Wang ◽  
Bin Yan
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Phylogeographic Analysis ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor

Objective: To clarify the evolutionary characteristics and transmission mode of DENV-1 genotype I dengue virus in the Asia-Pacific region. Methods: 200 DENV-1 genotype I dengue viruses in the Asia-Pacific region from 2010 to 2014 and 2015 to 2019 were used for phylogenetic analysis and bayesian phylogeographic analysis using a series of molecular biology software. Results: DENV-1 genotype I dengue virus spread frequently between coastal cities in China and Southeast Asian countries. The evolution rate of DENV-1 genotype I dengue virus during 2010-2014 was 5.73×104 (/site/year,95%CI) , and the time to the most recent common ancestor was 1970-09-14.And the evolution rate of virus during 2015-2019 was 5.25×104 (/site/year,95%CI) , and the time to the most recent common ancestor was 1978-10-30.The virus spatial diffusion pathways shows the phenomenon that the dengue virus of this genotype is widespread in the Asia-Pacific region, the spread of the dengue virus between the coastal provinces and some inland provinces of China, and Southeast Asian countries. The study results indicated that the monitoring and preventive measures should be strengthened to avoid the threat of personal safety caused by large-scale spread of DENV-1 in China.

scholarly journals Molecular evolution of dengue virus types 1 and 4 in Korean travelers

2021 ◽  
Vol 166 (4) ◽  
pp. 1103-1112
Author(s):  
Eun-Ha Hwang ◽  
Green Kim ◽  
Hoyin Chung ◽  
Hanseul Oh ◽  
Jong-Hwan Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Positive Selection ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Evolutionary Features ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
First Time ◽  
Global Travel

AbstractDengue virus (DV) is a mosquito-borne virus that is endemic to many tropical and subtropical areas. Recently, the annual incidence of DV infection has increased worldwide, including in Korea, due to global warming and increased global travel. We therefore sought to characterize the molecular and evolutionary features of DV-1 and DV-4 isolated from Korean overseas travelers. We used phylogenetic analysis based on the full coding region to classify isolates of DV-1 in Korea into genotype I (43251, KP406802), genotype IV (KP406803), and genotype V (KP406801). In addition, we found that strains of DV-4 belonged to genotype I (KP406806) and genotype II (43257). Evidence of positive selection in DV-1 strains was identified in the C, prM, NS2A, and NS5 proteins, whereas DV-4 showed positive selection only in the non-structural proteins NS2A, NS3, and NS5. The substitution rates per site per year were 5.58 × 10-4 and 6.72 × 10-4 for DV-1 and DV-4, respectively, and the time of the most recent common ancestor was determined using the Bayesian skyline coalescent method. In this study, the molecular, phylogenetic, and evolutionary characteristics of Korean DV-1 and DV-4 isolates were evaluated for the first time.

3. Neoliberalism in the Asia-Pacific region

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-78
Author(s):  
Manfred B. Steger ◽  
Ravi K. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Developmental State ◽  
State Model ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
China And India ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
Political Economic

‘Neoliberalism in the Asia-Pacific region’ traces the evolution of neoliberalism in the Asia-Pacific Region, looking at the economic developments of Japan, China, and India. It should be noted that in Asian countries, the market-oriented ideas of liberalization, deregulation, and privatization had to contend with an opposing dynamic of state interventionism and economic centralism. Ultimately, neoliberalism in the Asia-Pacific Region evolved within highly differentiated political-economic systems that were rooted in a regional developmental state model. Different nations have found unique ways of entering an increasingly globalized marketplace. Once these Asian governments adapted neoliberalism to meet their specific needs, they scarcely hesitated to incorporate suitable portions of an economic nationalist programme.

Empirical Analysis of Software Piracy in Asia (Japan VS. Vietnam)

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-54
Author(s):  
Xiang Fang ◽  
Sooun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Software Piracy ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender

The piracy rate in Asia Pacific region has been historically higher than the world average since the BSA global piracy study was first conducted in 2004 (BSA/IDC Global Software Piracy Study 2013). This study aims to identify which demographic factors affect software piracy in two Asian countries, Japan and Vietnam, which have drastically different piracy rates, economic development stages, income levels, and national cultures. The statistical analysis of data reveals that among various factors, country difference, education, and gender most significantly influence software piracy. In addition, this study offers recommendations on how to curb software piracy effectively.

scholarly journals A Review of IPO Under-pricing Phenomenon in Asia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Albada ◽  
Othman Yong
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Regulatory Environment ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Asia Pacific Region

This paper reviews the current status of IPO research in Asia, especially when it comes to the issue of the under-pricing phenomenon. This interest stems from the increasing attention that some of the Asia Pacific region countries have, due to their higher average initial returns in comparison to other developed and developing countries. In this review, we identify the determinants for the high levels of under-pricing as reported in the literature. We find that the regulatory environment of these Asian countries is the most reasonable source for such under-pricing, as it sets it apart from other developed and developing countries.  

scholarly journals Major Policy Challenges in Trade and Finance in the Asia-Pacific Region

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kihwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Financial Assets ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Financial Cooperation ◽  
Policy Suggestions ◽  
The World

By every measure, the Asia-Pacific region is extremely important not only for the world economy, but for Korea as well. Given this importance, the paper identifies two major policy issues to be addressed by countries in this region. In trade, the recent proliferation of regional trading arrangements poses a serious threat to the continuation of economic growth in the region. In finance, the lack of capaciry of the financial system in East Asia in particular has given rise to an unhealthy portfolio of financial assets held by East Asian countries. The policy suggestions by the author include the strengthening of the WfO discipline on regional trading arrangements and closer financial cooperation among countries in the Asia-Pacific.

Introduction: positions of Asian donors in the aid discourse toward post-2015

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoko Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Meaning Making ◽  
Educational Development ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Educational Development ◽  
The Usa

Purpose – This purpose of this paper is to provide the context in which this special issue is published. This special issue highlights the matters related to the Asian countries which provide assistance to developing countries for their advancement of education. There are an increasing number of donor countries which are formerly recipients of development assistance. Their emergence as donors is changing the landscape of international educational development. Being outside of the self-regulating community of traditional donors, they bring different logics and motivations to this field that often go beyond the frame of meaning making among traditional donors. Asia-Pacific region is unique in the sense that it has both traditional and new types of donors. The former group includes Japan and the USA, while the latter has Korea, China, India, and many others. Design/methodology/approach – As the introduction to the collection of articles which introduce characteristics of diverse donors (traditional and nontraditional) in the Asia-Pacific region, this paper discusses first, changing the normative framework toward the target year of achieving Education for All goals, which is 2015; second, the background for the nontraditional donors to increase their presence and the changed landscape of international educational development; and third, commonalities and differences among Asian donors in terms of their philosophies, structures, and histories. Findings – This paper maps out the locations of each Asian donors discussed in the respective country cases to follow and highlights some Asian characteristics. Originality/value – The findings would hint at the presence of principles and logics of educational cooperation which cannot be fully grasped by applying widely diffused western notions of educational development.

Review of Counseling in the Asia-Pacific Region.

1995 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-384
Author(s):  
Terri Gullickson
Keyword(s):  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region
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