scholarly journals Features of methane emission into the atmosphere over buried landfill bodies in urbanized ecosystems of Moscow

2021 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 03008
Author(s):  
Klim Mashentsev ◽  
Viktor Glebov ◽  
Viktoriya Erofeeva ◽  
Sergey Yablochnikov ◽  
Olga Mareeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Methane Oxidation ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Urban Atmosphere ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Methane Formation ◽  
Very High ◽  
Humus Horizons

On the outskirts of cities landfill bodies are formed, the territories of which are later used in urban planning. Over the buried landfill soils which represent construction and household garbage, methane flows are formed, which worsen the environmental conditions of the territories and negatively affect the psychosomatic health of residents. The goal was to study methane emissions from various buried landfills in Moscow. Our study on urbanized ecosystems in Moscow revealed different methane emissions in the soils. Thus, over young landfill bodies, the concentration of methane in the soils was 8 -16 ppm. This led to the release of methane into the atmosphere of the capital city. In the old landfill bodies, the concentration of methane in the soil was 1-2 ppm and did not cause methane emissions into the urban atmosphere. The analysis of the obtained data revealed the absorption of methane by soils on old landfill bodies at high and very high methane oxidation (Lobochevsky, Zyuzinskaya, Brateevskaya, Kashirskoe Highway and Ochakovka Streets). For organomineral horizons of replantozems with an increased content of organic matter and a loamy granulometric composition, increased methane formation and oxidation of autochthonous gas with undetected emission were detected.In technogenic and gray-humus horizons of urbanozems, methane formation and methane oxidation were reduced.

scholarly journals Rice plants reduce methane emissions in high-emitting paddies

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Oda ◽  
Nguyen Huu Chiem
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Oxygen Pathways

Background: Rice is understood to enhance methane emissions from paddy fields in IPCC guidelines. However, rice actually has two opposite functions related to methane: i) emission enhancement, such as by providing emission pathways (aerenchyma) and methanogenetic substrates; and ii) emission suppression by providing oxygen pathways, which suppress methanogenesis or enhance methane oxidation. The overall role of rice is thus determined by the balance between its enhancing and suppressing functions. Although previous studies have suggested that rice enhances total methane emissions, we aimed to demonstrate in high-emitting paddy fields that the overall methane emission is decreased by rice plants. Methods: We compared methane emissions with and without rice plants in triple cropping rice paddy fields in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The gas samples are collected using chamber method and ware analyzed by gas chromatography. Results: We found that rice, in fact, suppressed overall methane emissions in high-emitting paddies. The emission reductions increased with the growth of rice to the maximum tillering stage, then decreased after the heading stage, and finally recovered.  Discussion:  Our result indicates that the overall methane emission is larger than that of rice planted area. In addition, although many studies in standard-emitting paddies have found that the contribution of soil organic matter to methanogenesis is small, prior studies in high-emitting paddies suggest that methanogenesis depended mainly on soil organic matter accumulated from past crops. The higher the methane emission level, the lower the contribution of the rice-derived substrate; conversely, the higher the contribution of the rice providing oxygen. Finally, rice plants reduce methane emissions in high-emitting paddies. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that during the growing season, rice is suppressing methane emissions in high-emitting paddies. This means the significance of using the rice variety which has high suppressing performance in high-emitting paddies.

Soils as sources and sinks for atmospheric methane

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Topp ◽  
Elizabeth Pattey
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Methane Oxidation ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Flux Measurement ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Atmospheric Methane ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Methane Fluxes

Methane is considered to be a significant greenhouse gas. Methane is produced in soils as the end product of the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter. In the absence of oxygen, methane is very stable, but under aerobic conditions it is mineralized to carbon dioxide by methanotrophic bacteria. Soil methane emissions, primarily from natural wetlands, landfills and rice paddies, are estimated to represent about half of the annual global methane production. Oxidation of atmospheric methane by well-drained soils accounts for about 10% of the global methane sink. Whether a soil is a net source or sink for methane depends on the relative rates of methanogenic and methanotrophic activity. A number of factors including pH, Eh, temperature and moisture content influence methane transforming bacterial populations and soil fluxes. Several techniques are available for measuring methane fluxes. Flux estimation is complicated by spatial and temporal variability. Soil management can impact methane transformations. For example, landfilling of organic matter can result in significant methane emissions, whereas some cultural practices such as nitrogen fertilization inhibit methane oxidation by agricultural soils. Key words: Methane, methanogenesis, methane oxidation, soil, flux measurement

scholarly journals Rice cultivation reduces methane emissions in high-emitting paddies

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1349
Author(s):  
Masato Oda ◽  
Nguyen Huu Chiem
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Emission Level ◽  
High Emission

Background: Rice is typically understood to enhance methane emissions from paddy fields. However, rice actually has two separate functions related to methane: i) emission enhancement, such as by providing emission pathways (aerenchyma) and methanogenetic substrates; and ii) emission suppression by providing oxygen pathways, which suppress methanogenesis or enhance methane oxidation. The overall role of rice is thus determined by the balance between its enhancing and suppressing functions. Although existing studies have suggested that rice enhances total methane emissions, we aimed to demonstrate that the balance between rice’s emitting and suppressing functions changes according to overall methane emission levels, which have quite a large range (16‍–500 kg methane ha−1 crop−1). Methods: Using PVC chambers, we compared methane emissions emitted by rice paddy fields with and without rice plants in rice fields in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Samples were analyzed by gas chromatograph. Results: We found high overall methane emission levels and our results indicated that rice in fact suppressed methane emissions under these conditions. Emission reductions increased with the growth of rice, up to 60% of emission rate at the maximum tillering stage, then decreased to 20% after the heading stage, and finally recovering back to 60%.  Discussion: It is known that methane is emitted by ebullition when the emission level is high, and methane emission reductions in rice-planted fields are thought to be due to oxidation and methanogenesis suppression. However, although many studies have found that the contribution of soil organic matter to methanogenesis is small, our results suggested that methanogenesis depended mainly on soil organic matter accumulated from past crops. The higher the methane emission level, the lower the contribution of rice-providing substrate. Conclusion: As a result, during the growing season, rice enhanced methane emissions in low-emission paddy fields but suppressed methane emissions in high-emission paddy fields.

scholarly journals Rice plants reduce methane emissions in high-emitting paddies

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1349
Author(s):  
Masato Oda ◽  
Nguyen Huu Chiem
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Oxygen Pathways

Background: Rice is understood to enhance methane emissions from paddy fields in IPCC guidelines. However, rice actually has two separate functions related to methane: i) emission enhancement, such as by providing emission pathways (aerenchyma) and methanogenetic substrates; and ii) emission suppression by providing oxygen pathways, which suppress methanogenesis or enhance methane oxidation. The overall role of rice is thus determined by the balance between its enhancing and suppressing functions. Although previous studies have suggested that rice enhances total methane emissions, we aimed to demonstrate in high-emitting paddy fields that the overall methane emission is decreased by rice plants. Methods: We compared methane emissions of with and without rice plants in triple cropping rice paddies in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The gas samples are collected using chamber method and ware analyzed by gas chromatography. Results: We found that rice, in fact, suppressed overall methane emissions in high-emitting paddies. The emission reductions increased with the growth of rice to the maximum tillering stage, then decreased after the heading stage, and finally recovered.  Discussion:  Our result indicates that the overall methane emission by ebullition is larger than the overall emission of rice planted area. In addition, although many studies in standard-emitting paddies have found that the contribution of soil organic matter to methanogenesis is small, our results in high-emitting paddies suggest that methanogenesis depended mainly on soil organic matter accumulated from past crops. The higher the methane emission level, the lower the contribution of the rice-derived substrate; therefore, the role of rice in high-emitting paddies is the opposite to in that of standard-emitting paddies. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that during the growing season, rice is suppressing methane emissions in high-emitting paddies. This means the significance of using the rice variety which has high suppressing performance in high-emitting paddies.

Forms of Lead in Profiles of Differently Use Soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Makuch
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Lead Content ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Allotment Gardens ◽  
Arable Field ◽  
Fraction I ◽  
The Town ◽  
House Gardens ◽  
Humus Horizons

Abstract In order to determine the influence of intensive horticulture on the amount of lead and its fraction contents, there were selected soil profiles from following objects to be researched: house gardens and allotment gardens from town areas and arable field on the outskirts of the town. It has not been determined that there is any influence of manner usage on total lead content as well as its distribution in soil profiles. The fractionation composition has created the following series: fraction IV > fraction III > fraction II > fraction I. The manner of usage has influenced the content and distribution the III fraction of lead connected with organic matter. Humus horizons of garden soils is characterized as the highest in its content.

Methane emissions from rice across a soil organic matter gradient in Alfisols of Arkansas, USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. e00200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Humphreys ◽  
Kristofor R. Brye ◽  
Casey Rector ◽  
Edward E. Gbur
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Methane Emissions

scholarly journals Biofiltration of Methane Fugitive Emissions from Landfills Using Scum from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants (Wwtp) as Alternative Substrate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldir Nagel Schirmer ◽  
Erivelton César Stroparo ◽  
Marlon André Capanema ◽  
Douglas Luiz Mazur ◽  
José Fernando Thomé Jucá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Methane Oxidation ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Packing Materials ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
And Control

Abstract Biofilters have been recognized as key technology in the mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted by landfills. This study aimed to evaluate the methane (an important GHG) oxidation efficiencies of two experimental biofilters at the municipal landfill of Guarapuava (Brazil) under normal conditions (control column), just using landfill cover soil with low organic matter content, and improved, exploiting dried scum from municipal wastewater treatment plant (SWWTP) mixed with the cover soil (enriched column, with a high organic matter content). The influence of parameters such as the methane inlet loading rates (22 and 44 gCH4.m− 2.d− 1), temperatures, methane concentration in the raw biogas, carbon/nitrogen ratio and moisture content of the packing materials on the oxidation of methane was also evaluated during 25 campaigns. The campaigns with the lowest methane loading rates applied to the biofilters showed the best methane oxidation efficiencies (98.4% and 89.5% in the enriched and control columns, respectively) as compared to campaigns with a higher load (92.6% and 82.6% in the enriched and control columns, respectively). In addition to the loading rates, the methane oxidation efficiencies were highly influenced by the organic matter content and C/N ratio of the packing materials evaluated.

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