scholarly journals Summary of the main results of the KASCADE and KASCADE-Grande experiments

2019 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 03002 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Chiavassa ◽  
W.D. Apel ◽  
J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez ◽  
K. Bekk ◽  
M. Bertaina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hadronic Interaction ◽  
Primary Spectrum ◽  
Interaction Models ◽  
Primary Cosmic Rays

The KASCADE and KASCADE-Grande experiments operated in KIT-Campus North, Karlsruhe (Germany) from 1993 to 2012. The two experiments studied primary cosmic rays in the energy range from 1014 eV to 1018 eV, investigating the change of slope of the spectrum detected at 2 - 4 × 1015 eV, the so called knee. We briefly review the performance of the experiments and then the main results obtained in the operation of both experiments: the test of hadronic interaction models, the all particle primary spectrum, the elemental composition of primary cosmic rays (with the first claim of a knee-like feature of the heavy primaries spectrum) and the search for large scale anisotropies.

scholarly journals The KASCADE-Grande energy spectrum of cosmic rays and the role of hadronic interaction models

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1456-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.D. Apel ◽  
J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez ◽  
K. Bekk ◽  
M. Bertaina ◽  
J. Blümer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Hadronic Interaction ◽  
Interaction Models

scholarly journals Puzzle of muons in extensive air showers

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (08) ◽  
pp. 1950097
Author(s):  
Maciej Rybczyński ◽  
Zbigniew Włodarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulations ◽  
Quark Matter ◽  
Strange Quark ◽  
Strange Quark Matter ◽  
Pierre Auger Observatory ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Hadronic Interaction ◽  
Interaction Models

In order to examine a muon excess observed by the Pierre Auger Observatory, detailed Monte Carlo simulations were carried out for primary protons, iron nuclei and strangelets (hypothetical stable lumps of strange quark matter). We obtained a rough agreement between the simulations and the data for ordinary nuclei without any contribution of strangelets in primary flux of cosmic rays. Our simulations suggest that the shower observables are dominated by details of hadronic interaction models.

scholarly journals Investigation of the energy spectrum and chemical composition of primary cosmic rays in 1–100 PeV energy range with a UAV-borne detector

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (09) ◽  
pp. C09061-C09061
Author(s):  
D. Chernov ◽  
E. Bonvech ◽  
M. Finger Jr. ◽  
M. Finger ◽  
V. Galkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Primary Cosmic Rays

scholarly journals Applications of Hadronic Interaction Models to Cosmic Rays, RHIC, and LHC

2011 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Klaus Werner ◽  
Iurii Karpenko ◽  
Tanguy Pierog
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Hadronic Interaction ◽  
Interaction Models

scholarly journals Study of muons in extensive air showers from ultra-high energy cosmic rays measured with the Telescope Array experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 08004
Author(s):  
R. Takeishi
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Hadronic Interaction ◽  
Telescope Array ◽  
Interaction Models ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays

The origin of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) has been a long-standing mystery. One of the uncertainties in UHECR observation derives from the hadronic interaction model used for air shower Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations. The number of muons observed at ground level from UHECR induced air showers is expected to depend upon the composition of primary cosmic rays. The MC prediction also depends on hadronic interaction models. One may test the hadronic interaction models by comparing the measured number of muons with the MC prediction. The Telescope Array (TA) is the largest experiment in the northern hemisphere observing UHECR in Utah, USA. It aims to reveal the origin of UHECR by studying the energy spectrum, mass composition and anisotropy of cosmic rays by utilizing an array of surface detectors (SDs) and fluorescence detectors. We studied muon densities in the UHE extensive air showers by analyzing the signal of TA SD stations for highly inclined showers which should have high muon purity. A high muon purity condition is imposed that requires the geometry of the shower and relative position of the given station and implies that muons dominate the signal. On condition that the muons contribute about 65% of the total signal, the number of particles from air showers is typically 1.88 ± 0.08(stat:) ± 0.42(syst:) times larger than the MC prediction with the QGSJET II-03 model for protons. The same feature was also obtained for other hadronic models, such as QGSJET II-04.

The study of primary cosmic rays energy spectrum and mass composition in the energy range 0.5 – 50 PeV with TUNKA Eas Cherenkov array

1999 ◽  
Vol 75 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 299-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.A. Gress ◽  
T.I. Gress ◽  
E.E. Korosteleva ◽  
L.A. Kuzmichev ◽  
B.K. Lubsandorzhiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Primary Cosmic Rays
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