scholarly journals KASCADE-Grande energy spectrum of cosmic rays interpreted with post-LHC hadronic interaction models

Author(s):  
Mario E. Bertaina
2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1456-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.D. Apel ◽  
J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez ◽  
K. Bekk ◽  
M. Bertaina ◽  
J. Blümer ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (08) ◽  
pp. 1950097
Author(s):  
Maciej Rybczyński ◽  
Zbigniew Włodarczyk

In order to examine a muon excess observed by the Pierre Auger Observatory, detailed Monte Carlo simulations were carried out for primary protons, iron nuclei and strangelets (hypothetical stable lumps of strange quark matter). We obtained a rough agreement between the simulations and the data for ordinary nuclei without any contribution of strangelets in primary flux of cosmic rays. Our simulations suggest that the shower observables are dominated by details of hadronic interaction models.


2019 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 03002 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Chiavassa ◽  
W.D. Apel ◽  
J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez ◽  
K. Bekk ◽  
M. Bertaina ◽  
...  

The KASCADE and KASCADE-Grande experiments operated in KIT-Campus North, Karlsruhe (Germany) from 1993 to 2012. The two experiments studied primary cosmic rays in the energy range from 1014 eV to 1018 eV, investigating the change of slope of the spectrum detected at 2 - 4 × 1015 eV, the so called knee. We briefly review the performance of the experiments and then the main results obtained in the operation of both experiments: the test of hadronic interaction models, the all particle primary spectrum, the elemental composition of primary cosmic rays (with the first claim of a knee-like feature of the heavy primaries spectrum) and the search for large scale anisotropies.


2011 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Klaus Werner ◽  
Iurii Karpenko ◽  
Tanguy Pierog

2013 ◽  
Vol 409 ◽  
pp. 012101 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Kang ◽  
W D Apel ◽  
J C Arteaga-Velazquez ◽  
K Bekk ◽  
M Bertaina ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 08004
Author(s):  
R. Takeishi

The origin of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) has been a long-standing mystery. One of the uncertainties in UHECR observation derives from the hadronic interaction model used for air shower Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations. The number of muons observed at ground level from UHECR induced air showers is expected to depend upon the composition of primary cosmic rays. The MC prediction also depends on hadronic interaction models. One may test the hadronic interaction models by comparing the measured number of muons with the MC prediction. The Telescope Array (TA) is the largest experiment in the northern hemisphere observing UHECR in Utah, USA. It aims to reveal the origin of UHECR by studying the energy spectrum, mass composition and anisotropy of cosmic rays by utilizing an array of surface detectors (SDs) and fluorescence detectors. We studied muon densities in the UHE extensive air showers by analyzing the signal of TA SD stations for highly inclined showers which should have high muon purity. A high muon purity condition is imposed that requires the geometry of the shower and relative position of the given station and implies that muons dominate the signal. On condition that the muons contribute about 65% of the total signal, the number of particles from air showers is typically 1.88 ± 0.08(stat:) ± 0.42(syst:) times larger than the MC prediction with the QGSJET II-03 model for protons. The same feature was also obtained for other hadronic models, such as QGSJET II-04.


Both the penetrating power of the cosmic rays through material ab­sorbers and their ability to reach the earth in spite of its magnetic field, make it certain that the energy of many of the primary particles must reach at least 10 11 e-volts. However, the energy measurements by Kunze, and by Anderson, using cloud chambers in strong magnetic fields, have extended only to about 5 x 10 9 e-volts. Particles of greater energy were reported, but the curvature of their tracks was too small to be measured with certainty. We have extended these energy measurements to somewhat higher energies, using a large electro-magnet specially built for the purpose and described in Part I. As used in these experiments, the magnet allowed the photography of tracks 17 cm long in a field of about 14,000 gauss. The magnet weighed about 11,000 kilos and used a power of 25 kilowatts.


2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1145-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Haungs ◽  
Heinigerd Rebel ◽  
Markus Roth

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