Exchange reactions and electrolytic dissociation

The paper presents an example of the linear splines use to describe the photosynthesis light curves for microalgae culture. The main mathematical models of the relationship between photosynthesis rate and light are listed. Based on the previously formulated basic principles of modeling microalgae photobiosynthesis, a mathematical model is proposed that describes the dependence of the assimilation number of chlorophyll a on the value of the light flux by linear splines. The advantage of the proposed approach is a clear definition of the point of change of the limiting factor. It is shown that light-limited photosynthesis rate is determined not only by external irradiation, but also by the concentration of chlorophyll a. The light-saturated rate depends on the amount of a key enzyme complex, which limits the rate of energy exchange reactions in the cell. Verification of the proposed model on the example of the diatom microalgae Skeletonema costatum was carried out. It is shown that the higher the degree of cell adaptation to high irradiation, the better the photosynthesis curve is described by linear splines. If S. costatum cells are adapted to low irradiation, deviations of experimental data from the idealized broken line are observed, which are caused by changes in the pigment composition. When the experimental data are normalized, the cell adaptation factor is reduced, all points are described by a single broken line, which indicates the universality of the proposed approach.

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The Importance of Exchange Reactions in Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization in the Presence of Alkoxyamines and Transition Metals.

10.21236/ada309796 ◽

1996 ◽

Author(s):

Krzysztof Matyjaszewski

Keyword(s):

Transition Metals ◽

Radical Polymerization ◽

Living Radical Polymerization ◽

Exchange Reactions ◽

Controlled Living Radical Polymerization

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Use of the overhead projector to illustrate ion exchange reactions

Journal of Agronomic Education ◽

10.2134/jae.1976.0033 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 33-34

Author(s):

F. L. Himes

Keyword(s):

Ion Exchange ◽

Overhead Projector ◽

Exchange Reactions

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Organocatalyzed Selective C-D/C-H Exchange Reactions in Conjugated Triene

Letters in Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1570178612666141230234619 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 181-186

Author(s):

Isao Yamaguchi ◽

Mikihiko Minamitani

Keyword(s):

Exchange Reactions ◽

Conjugated Triene

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β-Diketone chelates of bis(ethylene)rhodium and products of exchange reactions with chloro-substituted dienes

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19723081 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 37 (9) ◽

pp. 3081-3089 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

K. Bouchal ◽

J. Škramovská ◽

P. Schmidt ◽

F. Hrabák

Keyword(s):

Exchange Reactions

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Voltammetric Studies of Some Novel Fe(III) Complexes with Quadridentate Ligands. The Axial Ligand-Exchange Reactions in DMF and DMSO

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19951140 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 60 (7) ◽

pp. 1140-1157 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ljiljana S. Jovanovic ◽

Luka J. Bjelica

Keyword(s):

Oxidation State ◽

Chemical Reactions ◽

Ligand Exchange ◽

Kinetic Data ◽

Central Atom ◽

Axial Ligand ◽

Exchange Reactions ◽

Ligand Effect ◽

Condensation Products ◽

Voltammetric Studies

The electrochemistry of four novel Fe(III) complexes of the type [Fe(L)Cl], involving quadridentate ligands based on the condensation products of benzoylacetone-S-methylisothiosemicarbazone with salicylaldehyde, 5-chlorosalicylaldehyde, 3,5-dichlorosalicylaldehyde or 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde, was studied in DMF and DMSO at a GC electrode. All complexes undergo a two-step one-electron reductions, usually complicated by chemical reactions. In solutions containing Cl-, the ligand-exchange reactions Cl--DMF and Cl--DMSO take place. Stability of the chloride-containing complexes was discussed in terms of the coordinated ligand effect, oxidation state of the central atom and, in particular, of the donor effect of the solvent. Some relevant kinetic data were calculated.

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Transalkylierung und protonenkatalysierte C-C-Spaltung bei n-Butyl-und n-Pentylbenzol in der Gasphase / Transalkylation and Proton Catalyzed C-C-Cleavage of Gaseous n-Butyl and w-Pentyl Benzenes

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B ◽

10.1515/znb-1979-0325 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 495-501 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

C. Wesdemiotis ◽

H. Schwarz ◽

C. C. Van de Sande ◽

F. Van Gaever

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Exchange ◽

Closed Shell ◽

Open Shell ◽

Molecular Ions ◽

Exchange Reactions ◽

Intramolecular Exchange ◽

Carbon Carbon Bond ◽

Exchange Processes ◽

Reaction Channels ◽

Alkyl Benzenes

Abstract The investigation of several 13carbon and deuterium labelled n-butyl and n-pentyl benzenes demonstrate that chemical ionization (reagent gas: methane) induces specific carbon-carbon bond cleavages of the alkyl group. The extent of competing reaction channels as for instance direct alkene elimination versus dealkylation/reprotonation is analyzed. Partial hydrogen exchange processes between reagent ions and substrate molecules are restricted to the phenyl ring. Intramolecular exchange reactions between the side chain and the aromatic ring which are typical for the open shell molecular ions of alkyl benzenes are not observed for analogous closed shell cations.

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