Polyaniline Thin Film Prepared by Electrochemical Polymerization Method

Polyaniline (PANI) slim film was set up by electrochemical polymerization strategy at room temperature in a standard three-electrode cell from (0.1M) aniline monomer and (0,5M) from Sulfuric acid in the presence of distilled water. The development of PANI film was portrayed by Voltammetric studies, SEM, XRD, and FTIR. Voltammetric studies were performed in 0.5 M acidic aqueous solutions using H2SO4. The XRD design demonstrated that the diffraction top at 2θ = (30˚). The FTIR spectroscopy spectra give particular and unmistakable bonds at 3500, 1572.52, 1302.53, 831.98, and 592.85 cm-1.

Electrodeposition of Cu-Mn Films as Precursor Alloys for the Synthesis of Nanoporous Cu

Cu-Mn alloy films are electrodeposited on Au substrates as precursor alloys for the synthesis of fine-structured nanoporous Cu structures. The alloys are deposited galvanostatically in a solution containing ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4, which serves as a source of the ammine ligand that complexes with Cu, thereby decreasing the inherent standard reduction potential difference between Cu and Mn. The formation of the [Cu(NH3)n]2+ complex was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopic and voltammetric studies. Galvanostatic deposition at current densities ranging from 100 to 200 mA⋅cm−2 generally resulted in the formation of type I, crystalline coatings as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. Although the deposition current efficiency is (<30%) generally low, the atomic composition (determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) of the deposited alloys range from 70–85 at% Mn, which is controlled by simply adjusting the ratio of the metal ion concentrations in the deposition bath. Anodic stripping characterization revealed a three-stage dissolution of the deposited alloys, which suggests control over the selective removal of Mn. The composition of the alloys obtained in the studies are ideal for electrochemical dealloying to form nanoporous Cu.

Presynaptic Gq-coupled receptors drive biphasic dopamine transporter trafficking that modulates dopamine clearance and motor function

Extracellular dopamine (DA) levels are tightly constrained by presynaptic reuptake mediated by the DA transporter (DAT). Despite its necessity for DA neurotransmission, DAT regulation in situ is poorly understood, and it is unknown whether DAT regulation impacts dopaminergic signaling and/or behaviors. Here, we leveraged chemogenetics and conditional gene silencing and found that presynaptic Gq-coupled receptor activation, induced by either hM3Dq or mGluR5 activation, drives biphasic DAT trafficking in striatum. Two PD risk alleles, Vps35 and Rit2, were required for mGluR5-stimulated DAT insertion and retrieval, respectively. Conditional dopaminergic mGluR5 silencing abolished DAT trafficking and resulted in motor dysfunction. Moreover, ex vivo voltammetric studies demonstrate that DAT trafficking significantly impacts DA clearance. These studies reveal that presynaptic DAT trafficking is complex, multimodal, and region-specific, and identify cell autonomous mechanisms required for DAT trafficking. Importantly, the findings suggest that regulated DAT trafficking likely impacts both DA clearance and motor function.