scholarly journals Explosion prevention and mitigation in plants which process, generate and store combustible dusts

2022 ◽  
Vol 354 ◽  
pp. 00041
Author(s):  
Adrian Marius Jurca ◽  
Mihaela Părăian ◽  
Niculina Vătavu
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Process Industries ◽  
Explosion Pressure ◽  
Dust Clouds ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Burning Rates ◽  
Explosion Protection ◽  
Pressure Maximum ◽  
Protective Systems

Combustible dusts which are present in workplaces are a significant hazard which cannot be ignored by the plant owners, managers and workers. Combustible dust deflagrations and explosions have caused large numbers of deaths and catastrophic property damages in various industries, ranging from pharmaceutical plants to sugar factories. One may say that dust explosions in process industries always start inside process equipment such as mills, dryers, filters. Such events may occur in any process in which a combustible dust is handled, produced or stored, and can be triggered by any energy source, including static electricity, friction and hot surfaces. For any combustible dust type, several important parameters have to be taken into account when designing and using protective systems: i.e. the ease with which dust clouds ignite and their burning rates, maximum explosion pressure, maximum rate of explosion pressure rise. These parameters vary considerably depending on the dust type, their knowledge being a first step for carrying out a proper explosion risk assessment in installations which circulate combustible dusts. The paper presents the main aspects concerning explosion protection which have to be taken into account when designing protective systems intended to be used in explosive atmospheres generated by combustible dusts and the importance of selecting the proper explosion protection technique.

An Overview Of Explosion Severity On Dust Explosion

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Z Wan Sulaiman ◽  
R. M. Kasmani
Keyword(s):  
Dust Cloud ◽  
Dust Explosion ◽  
Process Industries ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dust Clouds ◽  
Explosion Protection ◽  
Dust Explosions ◽  
Influent Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Advanced Development

In spite of extensive research and development to prevent and mitigate dust explosions in the process industries, this phenomenon continues to represent a constant hazard to industries including manufacturing, using and handling of combustible dust material. Lack of fundamental methods in predicting the explosion severity characteristics and real dust cloud structure are recognized as a major obstacle in predicting the course and consequences of dust explosion in practice. This present paper discusses the influent factors affecting the explosion severity of the dust clouds in order to promote the advanced development for dust explosion. In addition, the impact of inerting on dust properties by using nitrogen or carbon dioxide to a level which the dust cloud can no longer propagate a self–sustained flame would also be explored. Key words: Dust explosion protection and mitigation; explosion severity; inerting

scholarly journals Determination of the Explosion Characteristics of Wheat Flour

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (40) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Richard Kuracina ◽  
Zuzana Szabová ◽  
Denisa Pangrácová ◽  
Karol Balog
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Explosion Pressure ◽  
Maximum Explosion Pressure ◽  
Dust Clouds ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Flour Dust ◽  
Explosion Limit

Abstract The article deals with the measurement of explosion characteristics of wheat flour. The measurements were carried out according to STN EN 14034-1+A1:2011 Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds. Part 1: Determination of the maximum explosion pressure pmax of dust clouds, the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise according to STN EN 14034-2+A1:2012 Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds - Part 2: Determination of the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise (dp/dt)max of dust clouds and LEL according to STN EN 14034-3+A1:2011 Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds: Determination of the lower explosion limit LEL of dust clouds. The testing of explosions of wheat flour dust clouds showed that the maximum value of the pressure was reached at the concentrations of 600 g/m3 and its value is 8.32 bar/s. The fastest increase of pressure was observed at the concentration of 750 g/m3 and its value was 54.2 bar/s.

scholarly journals Comparative study of the explosion pressure characteristics of micro- and nano-sized coal dust and methane–coal dust mixtures in a pipe

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Tan ◽  
Huilin Liu ◽  
Bin Xu ◽  
Tian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Coal Dust ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Dust Explosion ◽  
Nano Particle ◽  
Explosion Pressure ◽  
Deflagration Index ◽  
Pressure Maximum ◽  
Explosion Accidents ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pressure Characteristics

AbstractCoal dust explosion accidents often cause substantial property damage and casualties and frequently involve nano-sized coal dust. In order to study the impact of nano-sized coal on coal dust and methane–coal dust explosions, a pipe test apparatus was used to analyze the explosion pressure characteristics of five types of micro-nano particle dusts (800 nm, 1200 nm, 45 μm, 60 μm, and 75 μm) at five concentrations (100 g/m3, 250 g/m3, 500 g/m3, 750 g/m3, and 1000 g/m3). The explosion pressure characteristics were closely related to the coal dust particle size and concentration. The maximum explosion pressure, maximum rate of pressure rise, and deflagration index for nano-sized coal dust were larger than for its micro-sized counterpart, indicating that a nano-sized coal dust explosion is more dangerous. The highest deflagration index Kst for coal dust was 13.97 MPa/(m·s), indicating weak explosibility. When 7% methane was added to the air, the maximum deflagration index Kst for methane–coal dust was 42.62  MPa/(m·s), indicating very strong explosibility. This indicates that adding methane to the coal dust mixture substantially increased the hazard grade.

scholarly journals Determination of Explosion Characteristics of Sugar Dust Clouds

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Richard Kuracina ◽  
Zuzana Szabová ◽  
Matej Menčík
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Dust Cloud ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Dust Explosion ◽  
Explosion Pressure ◽  
Maximum Explosion Pressure ◽  
Dust Clouds ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Explosion Limit

Abstract A dust explosion occurs when an airborne combustible dust cloud encounters an effective ignition source. The resulting pressure and temperature increase can severely injure people and damage surrounding equipment and buildings, and therefore needs to be prevented or controlled (Taveau, 2016). The article deals with the measurement of maximum explosion pressure and maximum rate of explosion pressure rise of sugar dust cloud. The measurements were carried out according to STN EN 14034-1+A1:2011 Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds. Part 1: Determination of the maximum explosion pressure pmax of dust clouds, the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise according to STN EN 14034-2+A1:2012 Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds - Part 2: Determination of the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise (dp/dt)max of dust clouds and Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds. Part 3: Determination of the lower explosion limit LEL of dust clouds. The sugar dust cloud in the chamber is achieved mechanically. The testing of explosions of sugar dust clouds showed that the maximum value of the pressure was reached at concentrations of 1000 g/m3 and its value is 6,89 bars.

scholarly journals Study of Explosion Characteristics of the Wheat Flour Dust Clouds in Dependence of the Particle Size Distribution

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (44) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Richard Kuracina ◽  
Zuzana Szabová ◽  
Eva Buranská
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Median Particle Size ◽  
Explosion Pressure ◽  
Maximum Explosion Pressure ◽  
Dust Clouds ◽  
Median Particle ◽  
Flour Dust

Abstract Fire protection is an important part of the industry where flammable and explosive dusts are found. Production, storage and transport of food powders such as flour can be very dangerous in terms of explosiveness. The article deals with the measurement of explosion characteristics of wheat flour dust. The measurements were carried out according to EN 14034-1+A1:2011 Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds. Part 1: Determination of the maximum explosion pressure pmax of dust clouds and the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise according to EN 14034-2+A1:2012 Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds - Part 2: Determination of the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise (dp/dt)max of dust clouds. A sample of wheat flour with a median particle size 84 μm exhibits the maximum explosion pressure 7.00 bar at the concentration of 600 g.m−3 and then explosion constant is 16.9 bar.s−1.m. A sample of wheat flour with a median particle size 50 μm exhibits the maximum explosion pressure 7.97 bar at the concentration of 1000 g.m−3 and the explosion constant 54.9 bar.s−1.m.Based on the results of the measurements, we found that the particle size distribution has a significant influence on the explosion parameters of the wheat flour samples.

scholarly journals Study of Explosion Characteristics of Wood Dust Clouds in Dependence of the Particle Size Distribution

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (40) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Kuracina ◽  
Zuzana Szabová ◽  
Matej Menčík
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Wood Dust ◽  
Explosion Pressure ◽  
Maximum Explosion Pressure ◽  
Dust Clouds

Abstract The article deals with the measurement of explosion characteristics of wood dust. The measurements were carried out according to STN EN 14034-1+A1:2011 Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds. Part 1: Determination of the maximum explosion pressure pmax of dust clouds and the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise according to STN EN 14034-2+A1:2012 Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds - Part 2: Determination of the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise (dp/dt)max of dust clouds. On the basis of measurements, we found that the distribution of the particles has a significant impact on the parameters of wood dust samples.

scholarly journals Determination Of The Maximum Explosion Pressure And The Maximum Rate Of Pressure Rise During Explosion Of Wood Dust Clouds

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (36) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Kuracina ◽  
Zuzana Szabová ◽  
Pavol Čekan
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Dust Cloud ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Wood Dust ◽  
Explosion Pressure ◽  
Maximum Explosion Pressure ◽  
Dust Clouds ◽  
Maximum Value

Abstract The article deals with the measurement of maximum explosion pressure and the maximum rate of exposure pressure rise of wood dust cloud. The measurements were carried out according to STN EN 14034-1+A1:2011 Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds. Part 1: Determination of the maximum explosion pressure pmax of dust clouds and the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise according to STN EN 14034-2+A1:2012 Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds - Part 2: Determination of the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise (dp/dt)max of dust clouds. The wood dust cloud in the chamber is achieved mechanically. The testing of explosions of wood dust clouds showed that the maximum value of the pressure was reached at the concentrations of 450 g / m3 and its value is 7.95 bar. The fastest increase of pressure was observed at the concentrations of 450 g / m3 and its value was 68 bar / s.

scholarly journals Explosion Characteristics of Propanol Isomer–Air Mixtures

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Skřínský ◽  
Tadeáš Ochodek
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Spherical Vessel ◽  
Explosion Pressure ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Vessel Volume ◽  
Deflagration Index ◽  
Pressure Maximum ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

This paper describes a series of experiments performed to study the explosion characteristics of propanol isomer (1-propanol and 2-propanol)–air binary mixtures. The experiments were conducted in two different experimental arrangements—a 0.02 m3 oil-heated spherical vessel and a 1.00 m3 electro-heated spherical vessel—for different equivalence ratios between 0.3 and 1.7, and initial temperatures of 50, 100, and 150 °C. More than 150 pressure–time curves were recorded. The effects of temperature and test vessel volume on various explosion characteristics, such as the maximum explosion pressure, maximum rate of pressure rise, deflagration index, and the lower and upper explosion limits were investigated and the results were further compared with the results available in literature for other alcohols, namely methanol, ethanol, 1-butanol, and 1-pentanol. The most important results from evaluated experiments are the values of deflagration index 89–98 bar·m/s for 2-propanol and 105–108 bar·m/s for 1-propanol/2-propanol–air mixtures. These values are used to describe the effect of isomer blends on a deflagration process and to rate the effects of an explosion.

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