scholarly journals The caligid life cycle: new evidence fromLepeophtheirus elegansreconciles the cycles ofCaligusandLepeophtheirus(Copepoda: Caligidae)

Parasite ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balu Alagar Venmathi Maran ◽  
Seong Yong Moon ◽  
Susumu Ohtsuka ◽  
Sung-Yong Oh ◽  
Ho Young Soh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Evidence

scholarly journals Trypanosoma brucei brucei: differences in the nuclear chromatin of bloodstream forms and procyclic culture forms

Parasitology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Schlimme ◽  
M. Burri ◽  
K. Bender ◽  
B. Betschart ◽  
H. Hecker
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Dna Interaction ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei ◽  
The Core ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Core Histones ◽  
Liver Chromatin ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
New Evidence

SummaryNucleosome filaments of two stages of the life-cycle of Trypanosoma brucei brucei, namely bloodstream forms and procyclic culture forms, were investigated by electron microscopy. Chromatin of bloodstream forms showed a salt-dependent condensation. The level of condensation was higher than that shown by chromatin from procyclic culture forms, but 30 nm fibres as formed in rat liver chromatin preparations were not found. Analysis of histones provided new evidence for the existence of H1-like proteins, which comigrated in the region of the core histones in SDS–PAGE and in front of the core histones in Triton acid urea gels. Differences were found between the H1-like proteins of the two trypanosome stages as well as between the core histones in their amount, number of bands and banding pattern. It can be concluded that T. b. brucei contains a full set of histones, including H1-like proteins, and that the poor condensation of its chromatin is not due to the absence of H1, but most probably due to histone–DNA interaction being weak. It is obvious that structural and functional differences of the chromatin exist not only between T. b. brucei and higher eukaryotes, but also between various stages of the life-cycle of the parasite. It is therefore not adequate to investigate the chromatin only of the procyclic culture forms as a model for all stages of the life-cycle of T. b. brucei.

scholarly journals Life-Cycle Consumption and the Age-Adjusted Value of Life

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J Kniesner ◽  
W. Kip Viscusi ◽  
James P Ziliak
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
A Priori ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Value Of Life ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Accidental Death ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Job Safety ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Statistical Lives

AbstractOur research presents new evidence on the age pattern of the implicit value of life revealed from workers' differential wages and job safety pairings. Although aging reduces the number of years of life expectancy, aging can affect the value of life through an effect on planned life-cycle consumption. The elderly could, a priori, have the highest implicit value of life if there is a life-cycle plan to defer consumption until old age. We find that largely due to the age pattern of consumption, which is non-constant, the implicit value of life rises and falls over the lifetime in a way that the value for the elderly is higher than the average over all ages or for the young. There are important health policy implications of our empirical results. Because there may be age-specific benefits of programs to save statistical lives, instead of valuing the lives of the elderly at less than the young, health policymakers should more correctly value the lives of the elderly at as much as twice the young because of relatively greater consumption lost when accidental death occurs.

scholarly journals Leisure and housing consumption after retirement: new evidence on the life-cycle hypothesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Beblo ◽  
Sven Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
Housing Consumption ◽  
Aggregate Consumption ◽  
Life Cycle Theory ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Lock In ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Retirement Status

AbstractForeseeable income reductions around retirement should not affect aggregate consumption. However, given higher leisure endowments after retirement, theory also predicts lower consumption of leisure substitutes. To avoid misinterpreting this predicted drop as a puzzle, our novel approach focuses on housing consumption (complementary to leisure in utility) and controls for leisure changes. In Germany tenants represent roughly half of all households, making many housing expenditures directly observable in micro data. We find significant negative impacts of the retirement status on housing consumption, which is hard to reconcile with life-cycle theory. Despite the lock-in nature of past housing decisions, income reductions at retirement have additional – though small – effects on housing.

scholarly journals Consumer Expenditures and Home Production at Retirement – New Evidence from Germany

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Lührmann
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Marginal Utility ◽  
Home Production ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Life Cycle Theory ◽  
Consumer Expenditures ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This paper investigates consumer expenditures of German households pre- and post-retirement. The widely observed distinct drop in spending upon retirement entry poses an empirical puzzle since life cycle theory predicts smoothing of the marginal utility of consumption over time. As one explanation, I explore the role of home production as a substitute for consumer expenses. Taking a combined look at consumer expenditures and time use pre- and post-retirement, I find a significant drop of about 17% of pre-retirement expenses at retirement which coincides with an increase in time spent on home production of an additional 89 minutes per day, accounting for 21% of average home production.

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