The Maniac as the Apocryphal Intervento: How Form Determines Substance in Fo’s Accidental Death of an Anarchist

The Accidental Death of an Anarchist (1970) is one of famed Italian play-wright Dario Fo, written as a response the neo-fascist tension that reached a boiling point in during the ‘Hot Autumn.’ A period of immense turmoil in late 20th -cemtury Italy. The play draws from the conventions of the Brechtian form and commedia dell’arte, aptly transforming them into mechanisms that can help both the play and spectators subvert the high cultures of Gramscian cultural hegemony, absorbed into ADA’s comic microcosm. This essay explores how political and theatrical realms are immortalised and then pit against each other through the course of the play, with the character of the Maniac acting as a rhetorical device acting as the connection between the two. In essence, this paper believes that Style is considered over substance in many of the styles of theatre Accidental Death operates within; the stylistic elements that quantitatively constitute the Brechtian form, commedia dell’arte, and farce allow them to subvert the ‘high cultures’ that are held culpable in Gramscian cultural hegemony, all of which ADA absorbs into its comic microcosm. This leads to a sustained paradox between the political and theatrical dimensions of the play, where the theatrical lends credence to the political though the use of fictional formal elements.

The experience of drowning

Internationally, drowning is a leading cause of accidental death that features in many legal cases. In these cases, possible mitigations and the ‘pain and suffering’ in terms of the duration and subjective experience of drowning are often pivotal in determining levels of compensation and outcome. As a result, there is a requirement to understand the stages of the drowning process, and the duration and physiological and subjective responses associated with each stage. In this short review we focus on these issues.

Case Report: Accidental firearm fatality during trophy hunting in Nepal

Possession of a firearm without a certified valid license is against Nepalese law. After the civil war, the government issued a stringent rule of not allowing the public to keep firearms without a valid reason, despite having a license. However, there are still people who keep firearms in their homes. The present case reports the accidental death of a teenage boy who used a musket for hunting a wild animal. The present case highlights the fact that despite the stringent law, illegal possession of arms for trophy hunting is still prevalent in rural Nepal. Furthermore, this study aims to highlight the importance of paramedics in early intervention, stabilization and transport of the sick and injured to the hospital in emergency situations. Recruitment of paramedics in the ambulance service might prevent untimely death in many patients while being transported to the hospital which was lacking in the present case.

Accidental death during pregnancy and puerperium from 2009 to 2019 in Hunan, China: a cross-sectional study

ObjectiveFew studies have analysed accidental maternal deaths. This study analysed the basic situation and classification of maternal accidental deaths and compared the differences between urban and rural areas.DesignA cross-sectional study on accidental deaths during pregnancy and puerperium from 2009 to 2019 in Hunan Province.SettingHunan Province, with a population of 74 million, has an area of 210 000 km2 and 123 counties/districts.ParticipantsA collection of 239 cases of accidental death during pregnancy and puerperium in Hunan Province from 2009 to 2019, including 181 cases of rural pregnancy and puerperium and 58 cases of urban pregnancy and puerperium.Main outcome measureClassification of accidental mortality of pregnant women.ResultsA total of 239 accidental deaths occurred in Hunan Province, with an accidental mortality rate of 2.8 per 100 000 live births. The accidental mortality rate in rural areas (3.2 per 100 000 live births) was higher than in urban areas (2.0 per 100 000 live births). The proportion of accidental deaths among pregnancy-related deaths showed an upward trend. The main types of accidental deaths were suicide (1.0 per 100 000 live births), traffic accidents (0.8 per 100 000 live births), accidental poisoning/overdose and assault/homicide (0.2 per 100 000 live births), and other accidents (0.6 per 100 000 live births). Maternal accidental deaths were mainly concentrated in low-income families, in rural areas and in those with low level of education. 74.5% of accidental deaths occurred before childbirth. 49.2% of pregnant women gave birth by caesarean section.ConclusionIn response to the different causes of accidental maternal death, public health programmes and policy interventions should pay special attention to maternal suicide and traffic injuries.

Experiences with management of foreign body airway presenting as dire emergency

<p class="abstract">Aspiration of foreign bodies by children is a common problem around the world. Foreign body aspiration is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children, especially between ages 18 months to 3 years. Laryngeal foreign bodies pose as a dire emergency lead to choking and accidental deaths. This is a case series of five cases of laryngeal foreign bodies presenting as a dire emergency to our casualty. Detailed history and examination was done. Radiological investigations were done. Rigid bronchoscopy was performed and the foreign body was extracted restoring the airway, preventing the accidental death of the patient. Foreign bodies of the airway are the most common causes of preventable deaths among children. Quick detailed history, examination and radiological investigations are required to come to the diagnosis and prompt management. This case series throws light on how to manage laryngeal foreign bodies.</p>

Presentation and Comparison of Unnatural Deaths Due to Different Types of Accidents in the Rajshahi District of Bangladesh

Background: Accidental deaths are the object of public health issues. This study was designed to explore and compare the statistics of all types of accidental deaths that occurred in the Rajshahi district in 2019 and 2020. Materials and methods: The data presented here were accumulated from the forensic examination of the corresponding dead bodies, which were submitted by police from the different police stations in the Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology (DFMT) at RMC for postmortem examination. This study confirms and explores the number of accidental deaths based on the observation, which were analogous with corresponding signs of studied accidental events. Results: According to the data, road traffic accident (RTA) was the most prevalent cause of unnatural accidental death in both years. In 2019, the number of deaths due to unwanted bomb explosions was the lowest. But, in 2020, the lowest number of deaths were observed due to alcohol overdose. The numbers of deaths due to other accidents were almost equal. Conclusion: This study suggests taking preventive measures that may reduce accidental deaths. TAJ 2021; 34: No-1: 70-74

Knowledge, Attitude, and Awareness of Health Insurance in Travel during the Covid-19 Pandemics

Background Travel has become one of the most popular leisure activities in the world, especially international traveling. The risk of accident and travel related illness including infectious and non-communicable diseases should not be neglected. To provide more comprehensive pre-travel consultation to the international travelers, we aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and awareness of travel health insurance for travelers. Methods Anonymous structured questionnaires were distributed to 1,000 visitors of the Taiwan International Travel Fair in May 2019. Results The top three kinds of travel health insurance were accidental death and disablement insurance (92%), accidental medical reimbursement (90.4%) and 24 hours of emergency assistance (89%). In addition to education level, travel-associated illness, and special activities during travel, a significant association was observed between the willingness to buy various travel insurance and willingness of pre-travel consultation. Conclusions Although most travelers would buy travel health insurance, disproportional respondents understood the content of travel insurance. Most travelers considered travel clinics to be the most reliable information resources of travel insurance. Therefore, travel specialists are encouraged to offer more information about travel insurance during pre-travel consultation, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Suicide and Accidental Death Among Women with Primary Ovarian Cancer: A population-based study

Objective To determine the relative risk of suicide and accidental death among patients with ovarian cancer to that of the general population, and to identify risk factors associated with suicide and accidental death. Design The surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) registry provided ovarian cancer data from 18 registries. Setting Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Population The study population comprised 149,204 patients. Methods The standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated and Fine-Gray models were fitted, with stratifications on demographic and tumor-related characteristics. Main outcome measures The standardized mortality ratios. Results Women with ovarian cancer had a higher risk of suicide and accidental death than the cancer-free group (SMR=1.86; 95% CI [1.54-2.25] and SMR=1.54; 95% CI [1.39-1.71]). Subgroup analysis indicated that only patients with type II epithelial ovarian cancer (SMR=2.31; 95% CI [1.83-2.91]) had an increased risk of suicide, and those with type I and type II epithelial ovarian cancer (SMR=1.65; 95% CI [1.39-1.97] and SMR=1.49; 95% CI [1.30-1.70]) were at a higher risk of accidental death. Patients with ovarian cancer who were younger, white, diagnosed with high-grade, non-metastatic cancer and pelvic exenteration were at a higher risk of suicide. Additionally, pelvic exenteration increased the risk of suicide but not the risk of accidental death among these women. Conclusion Women with ovarian cancer had a higher risk of suicide and accidental death compared with the general population. Clinicians should identify high-risk subgroups of ovarian cancer patients for suicide and accidental death as early as possible, with appropriate prevention strategies.

Association between short-term exposure to sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide and ischemic heart disease and non-accidental death in Changsha city, China

Background To investigate the effects of short-term exposure to sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the central and southern China areas on ischemic heart disease (IHD) and non-accidental deaths. Method We investigated the associations between short-term exposure to SO2 and CO in a city in south-central China and IHD and non-accidental death using a time-series design and generalized additive models with up to a 5-day lag adjusting for day of the week, temperature, air pressure, wind speed, and relative humidity. The relative risks of IHD and non-accidental death per 10-unit increase in SO2 and CO were derived from zero to five days in single-pollutant models. Results Between 2016 and 2018, a total of 10,507 IHD and 44,070 non-accidental deaths were identified. The largest significant relative risk for IHD death was lag 02 for both SO2 (1.080; 95% confidence interval: 1.075–1.084) and CO (5.297; 95% confidence interval: 5.177–5.418) in single-pollutants models. A significant association was shown at all lag multiple-day moving averages. Two-pollutant models identified an association between SO2 and mortality when adjusting for CO. In stratified analyses, SO2 exhibited a stronger association with death during the cold season, while CO exhibited a stronger association with mortality from IHD during the warm season. The risk of death was more robust in the elderly for both pollutants, but was greater in men for CO and in women for SO2. Conclusions Overall, we found an association between short-term exposure to low-level SO2 and CO and the risk of IHD and non-accidental death.