Systematic Regulation of Personal Information Rights in the Era of Big Data

Big data has an important impact on people’s production and life. The existing legal and judicial protection, sanctions, and mechanisms for the enforcement of information rights have proved insufficient to stem the serious consequences of rampant leakage and illegal activity. Based on Information Full Life Cycle Theory, this article combines qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, uses data from the Survey Report on App Personal Information Leakage released by China Consumers Association as an example, and finds that illegal access, illegal provisions, and illegal transactions have become important sources of personal information leakage. The main reasons for this problem include limitations of the technologies used, the falsification of informed consent, the lag of legislative protections, and a lack of administrative supervision. Systematic regulation of the right to protect personal information should include a variety of initiatives. First, it should be used to identify who to protect and how to protect them. Second, there needs to be a shift from identifiable subject regulations to risk control. Third, legislation needs to be comprehensive, entailing a shift from fragmented to systemic reforms. Fourth, protection efforts should include supervision, self-regulation, and management. Finally, the jurisdiction of legislation should extend across cyberspace and physical reality as a means to achieve a balance between effective protection and the reasonable use of personal information.

The construction of emergency intelligence service system for think tanks in the context of big data

The big data era has ushered in huge transformation in the form of major media, with WeMedia nowadays becoming the mainstream. As is witnessed, WeMedia has achieved a rapid and widespread growth in both dissemination and influence, which has posed a series of challenges to the Emergency Intelligence Service System for Think Tanks, including changes to the subject, content, form, and connotation of platforms. Based on big data, this study makes an investigation into the Emergency Intelligence Service for the modern think tanks and applies the method of factor analysis to draw the conclusion on what kind of factors will influence the performance of the Emergency Intelligence Service for Think Tanks. Then, from the perspective of the life-cycle theory, this research not only optimizes the work process of the Emergency Intelligence Service for Think Tanks, but also constructs a multi-dimensional Emergency Intelligence Service System based on the concept of “Data Driven + Technology Application + Expert Decision” from the aspect of theoretical and technical perspectives. Meanwhile, a public health incident emergency information service system is built on this basis, describing the application process with food poisoning as an example. Last but not least, hopefully, this study could help improve the quality of decision and effectiveness of the Emergency Intelligence Service for Think Tanks and enhance the power of influence and communication for agencies of Emergency Intelligence Service and this paper provides a reference for the establishment and improvement of government decision-making and governance mechanisms.

Prospects for Using Digital Technologies in Production Logistics

Aim. The presented study aims to examine the specific features as well as organizational and technical aspects of production logistics, taking into account its potential for using digital technologies.Tasks. The authors consider the essence, purpose, and goals of production logistics; analyze major logistics systems used in production logistics; assess the prospects for using digital technologies in this sphere.Methods. This study uses the methodology of strategic and logistics management, the systems approach, life cycle theory, general scientific methods of generalization, comparative, retrospective, and structural-functional analysis.Results. The production and logistics systems of a company are considered as equivalent elements in the context of managing material flows in internal and external supply chains and achieving the company’s operational and development goals. In this regard, production logistics is shown as part of both logistics and production, which affects its organization and architecture. Under modern conditions, an approach based on certain data is widely used in production logistics. It requires active introduction of digital technologies in production logistics, the purpose of which is not to achieve technical or organizational perfection of business processes, but to select technologies from the perspective of creating additional value.Conclusions. In the course of the study, three categories of activities associated with production logistics are identified. For each of these categories, the prospects and recommended classification of digital technologies are defined. Particular emphasis is placed on improving the quality and efficiency of data use. According to the authors, all information systems and digital technologies used in production logistics should be highly reliable. Thus, introduction of any new technologies in production logistics requires careful consideration. Regardless of the type of technology, a systems approach to the organization and development of production logistics is a prerequisite for the efficient operation of the company as a whole.

How demography affects asset characteristics in Hungary

THE AIMS OF THE PAPER The population factor in general influences most of the global megatrends. While it was considered one of the major driving forces for economicgrowth in the 20th century, it has become the greatest risk factor for the socio-economic landscape. Hungary is experiencing one of the fastest demographic transitions in Europe. Due to the continued extension of longevity and the steep decline in fertility rate, the size and percentage of theelderly population (i.e., aged 65 and above) rapidly increased during the last decades. The paper aims to examine whether population ageing has an effect on asset prices in Hungary. METHODOLOGY The life cycle theory for Hungary was applied while exploring the quantitative link between population structures and asset prices, particularly onstock and bonds. In this study, the relationship between Hungary’s demographic characteristics and asset class returns will be examined by reviewing previous academic and policy studies through conducting a regression analysis of bond yields and P/E ratio of BUX Index related to demographic variables. MOST IMPORTANT RESULTS The connection between stock prices and demographic trends is impacted by the life cycle theory of asset accumulation/decumulation and portfolio choice. In Hungary, the younger adults between 36 and 45, and the classic middle-aged individuals are in their peak savings years and invest heavily in stocks, driving up stock prices. The old-aged individuals decumulate assets and sell stocks to finance their retirement, depressing stock prices. In addition, the investors become more risk-averse and prefer fewer holdings of stocks as they grow older. The Middle/Old ratio and the BUX P/E ratio have a strong positive correlation during the period 1995-2020. The bond yields show a similar connection with the Yuppie/Nerd ratio. The results of demographic variables predicting bond-yields are strong and proving the international patterns. RECOMMENDATIONS The paper highlighted that the demographic variables are not only appropriate for socio-demographic analysis since the members of the different age groups have their own consumption, saving and investing characteristics that can have an impact on the asset prices besides other commonly usedparameters. Acknowledgements: This article was supported by EFOP­3.6.1­16­2016­00004 that has been entitled ‘Comprehensive developments at the University of Pécs for smart specialization’. (Project element ‘Decision­making at older ages’, topic no. 11)

Establishment and Evaluation of Energy Consumption, Carbon Emission, and Economic Models of Retreaded Tires Based on Life Cycle Theory

This paper identifies the system composition of the life cycle of retreaded tires and constructs the energy consumption model, carbon emission model, and economic model of retreaded tires based on the life cycle theory. Moreover, the theoretical calculation model and method for the energy consumption, carbon emission, and economy at the production phase, transportation phase, usage phase, and reuse phase of retreaded tires are proposed. After that, this paper puts forward the energy substitution model, carbon reduction model, and cost profit model of five reuse methods of retreaded tires, namely, secondary retreading, mechanical pulverization, low-temperature pulverization, combustion decomposition, and combustion power generation. Finally, this paper proposes the evaluation index for the energy consumption, carbon emission, and economy in the life cycle of retreaded tires and quantitatively analyzes the energy consumption, carbon emission, and cost profit list in each phase of the life cycle of retreaded tires, obtaining the energy recovery rate, carbon reduction rate, and profit-to-cost ratio of the five reuse methods of retreaded tires. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: the energy consumption and carbon emission of retreaded tires are the largest at the production phase, while the energy consumption and carbon emission are the lowest at the transportation phase. Among the five reuse methods, the energy recovery effect, carbon reduction rate, and economy of secondary retreading are the optimal ones, and the quantitative results show that retreading is the most effective way for the reuse of waste tires.

Influence of Financial Leverage on Financial Sustainabilit: A Case of A Microfinance Institution in Kenya

Microfinance institution plays a crucial role in economic development and financial inclusion. Financial sustainability is the key dimension to microfinance institutions growth. Which further indicate the importance of which Financial sustainability is. Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of financial leverage on MFI financial sustainability. The specific objective was to establish the effect of financial leverage on the financial sustainability of MFIs. The study was guided by agency theory and life-cycle theory. The study adopted an explanatory research design where a panel approach was used as well as the positivist paradigm. The study adopted the census approach method. Panel data was drawn from 30 MFIs for a period between 2010 and 2018 from the mix market database using the data collection schedule. The study used both descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze data with the help of STATA software. Fixed effect model based on Hausman test (X2 = 45.41, p= 0.000 ≤ 0.05). Based on the findings of the study financial leverage ( the study had a positive and significant effect on the financial sustainability of MFIs. The study recommended MFIs managers to engage in the prudent use of financial leverage so that they enhance their overall profitability and boost investor confidence in their strategic decision-making resulting in financial sustainability. The results have an implication to business managers and policymakers given the vital role in service delivery and the challenges hindering the sector from the realization of financial sustainability in the economy.

Leisure and housing consumption after retirement: new evidence on the life-cycle hypothesis

Foreseeable income reductions around retirement should not affect aggregate consumption. However, given higher leisure endowments after retirement, theory also predicts lower consumption of leisure substitutes. To avoid misinterpreting this predicted drop as a puzzle, our novel approach focuses on housing consumption (complementary to leisure in utility) and controls for leisure changes. In Germany tenants represent roughly half of all households, making many housing expenditures directly observable in micro data. We find significant negative impacts of the retirement status on housing consumption, which is hard to reconcile with life-cycle theory. Despite the lock-in nature of past housing decisions, income reductions at retirement have additional – though small – effects on housing.