scholarly journals Life-Cycle Consumption and the Age-Adjusted Value of Life

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J Kniesner ◽  
W. Kip Viscusi ◽  
James P Ziliak
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
A Priori ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Value Of Life ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Accidental Death ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Job Safety ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Statistical Lives

AbstractOur research presents new evidence on the age pattern of the implicit value of life revealed from workers' differential wages and job safety pairings. Although aging reduces the number of years of life expectancy, aging can affect the value of life through an effect on planned life-cycle consumption. The elderly could, a priori, have the highest implicit value of life if there is a life-cycle plan to defer consumption until old age. We find that largely due to the age pattern of consumption, which is non-constant, the implicit value of life rises and falls over the lifetime in a way that the value for the elderly is higher than the average over all ages or for the young. There are important health policy implications of our empirical results. Because there may be age-specific benefits of programs to save statistical lives, instead of valuing the lives of the elderly at less than the young, health policymakers should more correctly value the lives of the elderly at as much as twice the young because of relatively greater consumption lost when accidental death occurs.

Is There a Regional Subculture of Firearm Violence in Canada?

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lester ◽  
Antoon A Leenaars
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Accidental Death ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Firearm Violence ◽  
The Social

A study in Canada of the accidental death rate from firearms, and of suicide and homicide rates by firearms and by all other methods, for the period 1975–85, indicated that the rates were positively associated with one another. The results were interpreted using a subcultural theory of violence, and the social policy implications of the results were discussed.

Protective Factors in Family Relationships

2014 ◽  
pp. 76-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Young People ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Care For The Elderly ◽  
The Family ◽  
The One ◽  
Partnership Approach

This chapter analyzes the importance of protective factors in family relationships. In Confucian societies, where services for older people may be limited, intergenerational family relationships are crucial in providing care for the elderly. Confucian societies are better at recognizing the protective influence of the family, but scholars from these areas suggest that the culture may be changing. As the “One child” norm extends (not only in China) across many Asian societies, the challenges for young people in supporting their parents and grandparents may become overwhelming. This chapter suggests that at every stage of the life cycle, some families will need state support in order to carry out their protective role in mitigating the risks experienced by both the young and the old. A state/family partnership approach is likely to be more acceptable, more effective, and more economic than state care alone.

Dicussions and Conclusion

2016 ◽  
pp. 341-354
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Future Challenge ◽  
Efficient Delivery

The rationale for this publication emanated from the challenges facing the efficient delivery of construction projects in developing countries. Although, some aspects of the book focus on key applications in Cameroon, a holistic approach was adopted where an overview of challenges related to construction for developing countries was considered. To re-focus issues addressed in this book, this last Chapter provides a summary of what has been covered in each Chapter. Also, major achievements and challenges will be discussed. Nevertheless a construction matter can not be seriously handled today without taking into account environmental issues. For this reason, we will say just a few words about environment. Indeed, wherever infrastructures in general and buildings in particular through production and emission of toxic matters and gas have harmful consequences on the environment. They must be assessed and monitored to reduce the risk of pollution. Among many environmental assessment methods, life cycle assessment (LCA) seems to be the most suitable. Wherever, it involves a lot of data and must be handling with a lot of caution. The life cycle assessment tools used in developed countries is not suitable in developing countries context. It should be benefit for them to develop a simple and suitable methodology easy to manage, in order to propose an environmental impacts measurement of construction projects' and buildings. The High Environmental Quality, which a priori ensures minimized environmental impact and promotes the principles of sustainable development, is the solution that seems best suited for the design of many social infrastructures projected in developing countries. This is going to be for them the future challenge for the next decades.

scholarly journals Household Debt and Delinquency over the Life Cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-92
Author(s):  
Sommarat Chantarat ◽  
Atchana Lamsam ◽  
Krislert Samphantharak ◽  
Bhumjai Tangsawasdirat
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Household Debt ◽  
Extensive And Intensive Margins ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Life Cycle Pattern

This paper uses loan-level data from Thailand's National Credit Bureau to study household debt over the life cycle of borrowers. We decompose two aggregate and commonly used measures of debt—debt per capita and delinquency rate—into components that unveil the extensive and intensive margins of household indebtedness. We find a striking inverted-U life-cycle pattern of indebtedness as predicted by economic theories. However, peaks are reached at different ages for different loan products and different lenders. We also find that debt has expanded over time for all age groups. Younger cohorts seem to originate debt earlier in their lives than older generations. Meanwhile, older borrowers remain indebted well past their retirement age. Finally, we find a downward pattern of delinquency over the life cycle. Our findings have important policy implications on financial access and distress of households as well as on economic development and financial stability of the economy.

scholarly journals The Elderly’s Demand for Community-Based Care Services and Its Determinants: A Comparison of the Elderly in the Affordable Housing Community and Commercial Housing Community of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Tiantian Gu ◽  
Dezhi Li ◽  
Lingzhi Li
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
World Population ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Nanjing City ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Commercial Housing

With the rapid aging of the world population, great pressure has been placed on the provision of community-based care in China. This paper aimed to compare the demand and its determinants for various community-based care services among the elderly in the affordable housing community (AHC) and commercial housing community (CHC) of China. Two community-based surveys were conducted separately in the AHC and CHC of Nanjing City, China. In total, 408 valid questionnaires were returned from the Daishan AHC while 8422 valid questionnaires were received from the CHCs. The chi square test indicated that the respondents in the AHC had significantly higher demands for five types of services (the meal-aid service, the cleaning-aid service, the bath-aid service, the rehabilitation therapy service, and the first-aid service) than those in the CHCs of Nanjing. Further, the Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test showed that factors influencing the elderly’s demands for these services varied across communities. Several policy implications could be obtained to improve the efficiency of community-based care provision.

Fertility Restrictions and Life-Cycle Outcomes: Evidence from the One-Child Policy in China

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Huang ◽  
Xiaoyan Lei ◽  
Ang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Household Income ◽  
White Collar ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
One Child Policy ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Lower Fertility ◽  
The One

This study considers the experience of China’s one-child policy to examine how fertility restrictions affect economic and social outcomes over a lifetime. Using variations in these penalties across provinces and over time, we find that exposure to stricter fertility restrictions when young leads to higher education levels, more white-collar jobs, delayed marriage, and lower fertility rates. Further consequences include lower rates of residing with the elderly, higher household income, consumption, and savings. Finally, exposure to stricter fertility restrictions in early life increases female empowerment. Overall, fertility restrictions imposed when people are young have powerful effects throughout their life cycle.

Social Dimensions of Mental Illness among Rural Elderly Populations

1988 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Hendricks ◽  
Howard B. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rural Elderly ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Elderly Populations

Despite growing concern with rural elderly populations, little attention has focused on their mental health, ways it may correlate with physical health, or how rural mental health patterns compare to urban. Popular wisdom contends that elderly people in general, and rural elderly persons in particular, are at increased risk for mental illness. This article examines these questions. A review of available literature suggests that elderly people may be at only slightly greater risk of mental illness than the population at large, though there are some indications that rates of depression may be somewhat higher among the elderly population. Much of this same literature implies that objective environmental conditions play a significant role in the incidence of depression. Analysis of data gathered in a statewide random poll ( N = 743) indicates that while physical health tends to be poorer among rural populations, when health is held constant there is actually an inverse relationship between age and depression. Therefore, rural elderly persons are no more likely to be depressed than their urban counterparts despite harsher living conditions. Both conceptual and policy implications are discussed.

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