scholarly journals Strategies and guidance for establishing a practical radiation protection culture in Europe in case of long term radioactive contamination after a nuclear accident: The SAGE Project

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. S865-S870 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lepicard ◽  
I. Fiedler ◽  
V. Nesterenko ◽  
A. Nisbet ◽  
A. Sudas
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
Nuclear Accident

scholarly journals State of Radiation Protection in Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolchinkov Nikolay Todorov
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
The State ◽  
Nuclear Accident ◽  
The Political ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Meteorological Elements

In the months of February and March 2017, I conducted a survey among 3 population groups and 392 participants on the state of the systems for monitoring and alerting the population, so the information received is up-to-date. The information received and summarized should not be taken as a constant, since the situation is changing dynamically, both in terms of the political situation in Bulgaria and the region and the intentions of our neighbors in relation to sites that present radiation risks and in terms of meteorological elements that influence possible radioactive contamination. Particularly dynamic is the development of meteorological elements that need to be analyzed very thoroughly in the event of a nuclear accident or incident. The results and consequences of the closure of uranium production and its processing in Bulgaria, as well as the storage of radioactive waste in Bulgaria, are shown. The results of the study are presented, diagrams are presented, and analyses and directions for follow-up are made.

Changes in radiation protection measures after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident: evaluation of meeting minutes of the Nuclear Regulation Authority, Japan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nirasawa ◽  
M. Tsubokura ◽  
M. Murakami
Keyword(s):  
Risk Communication ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Accident ◽  
Fukushima Accident ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi ◽  
Emergency Measures

Since the Fukushima accident, there has been an increasing discussion on post-accident radiation protection as well as nuclear regulation and management. This study assessed the general content of discussions during the chronic phases after the accident, and analyzed the changes over the years in discussion on radiation protection measures related to the accident by focusing on the meeting minutes of the Nuclear Regulation Authority, Japan from 2012 to 2018 using the method of text mining. The analysis revealed that while the authority’s main focus was on regulation and management regarding the safety of nuclear power plants, in addition to emergency measures for the future (especially in matters such as evacuation), discussions were also held on radiation protection measures for residents and workers and risk communication in the period following the accident. The authority was observed to have dynamically tackled the issues that were regarded as most urgent after the accident and gradually shifted its focus to mid- to long-term issues. In the aftermath of a nuclear accident, it is important for the authorities responsible for nuclear regulation to deepen their knowledge of social measures such as evacuation, return of residents, and risk communication, and strengthen cooperation with experts from other fields.

Radiation protection perspective to recurrent medical imaging: what is known and what more is needed?

2021 ◽  
pp. 20210477
Author(s):  
Jenia Vassileva ◽  
Ola Holmberg
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Individual Radiosensitivity ◽  
Dose Saving ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Standardised Patient

This review summarises the current knowledge about recurrent radiological imaging and associated cumulative doses to patients. The recent conservative estimates are for around 0.9 million patients globally who cumulate radiation doses above 100 mSv, where evidence exists for cancer risk elevation. Around one in five is estimated to be under the age of 50. Recurrent imaging is used for managing various health conditions and chronic diseases such as malignancies, trauma, end-stage kidney disease, cardiovascular diseases, Crohn’s disease, urolithiasis, cystic pulmonary disease. More studies are needed from different parts of the world to understand the magnitude and appropriateness. The analysis identified areas of future work to improve radiation protection of individuals who are submitted to frequent imaging. These include access to dose saving imaging technologies; improved imaging strategies and appropriateness process; specific optimisation tailored to the clinical condition and patient habitus; wider utilisation of the automatic exposure monitoring systems with an integrated option for individual exposure tracking in standardised patient-specific risk metrics; improved training and communication. The integration of the clinical and exposure history data will support improved knowledge about radiation risks from low doses and individual radiosensitivity. The radiation protection framework will need to respond to the challenge of recurrent imaging and high individual doses. The radiation protection perspective complements the clinical perspective, and the risk to benefit analysis must account holistically for all incidental and long-term benefits and risks for patients, their clinical history and specific needs. This is a step toward the patient-centric health care.

scholarly journals Long-term assessment of airborne radiocesium after the Fukushima nuclear accident: Re-suspension from bare soil and forest ecosystems

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kajino ◽  
M. Ishizuka ◽  
Y. Igarashi ◽  
K. Kita ◽  
C. Yoshikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Nuclear Accident ◽  
Fukushima Nuclear Accident ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Air Concentration ◽  
Contaminated Area

Abstract. The long-term effect of 137Cs re-suspension from contaminated soil and forests due to the Fukushima nuclear accident has been quantitatively assessed by numerical simulation, a field experiment on dust emission flux in the contaminated area (Namie, Fukushima), and air concentration measurements inside (Namie) and outside (Tsukuba, Ibaraki) the contaminated area. The assessment period is for the year 2013 just after the start of the field experiments, December 14, 2012. The 137Cs concentrations at Namie and Tsukuba were approximately 10−1–1 and 10−2–10−1 mBq/m3, respectively. The observed monthly median concentration at Namie was one to two orders of magnitude larger than that at Tsukuba. This observed difference between the two sites was consistent with the simulated difference, indicating successful modeling of 137Cs re-suspension and atmospheric transport. The estimated re-suspension rate was approximately 10−6/d, which was significantly lower than the decreasing rate of the ambient gamma dose rate in Fukushima prefecture (10−4–10−3/d) as a result of radioactive decay, land surface processes (migration in the soil and biota), and decontamination. Consequently, re-suspension contributed negligibly to reducing ground radioactivity. The dust emission model could account for the air concentration of 137Cs in winter, whereas the summer air concentration was underestimated by one to two orders of magnitude. Re-suspension from forests at a constant rate of 10−7/h, multiplied by the green area fraction, quantitatively accounted for the air concentration of 137Cs at Namie and its seasonal variation. The simulated contribution of dust re-suspension to the air concentration was 0.6–0.8 in the cold season and 0.1–0.4 in the warm season at both sites; the remainder of the contribution was re-suspension from forest. The re-suspension mechanisms, especially through the forest ecosystems, remain unknown, and thus the current study is the first but crude estimation of the long-term assessment of radiocesium re-suspension. Further study will be needed to understand the re-suspension mechanisms and to accurately assess the re-suspension mechanisms through field experiments and numerical simulations.

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