Sagittal Soft-Tissue Changes of the Lower Lip and Chin Associated with Surgical Maxillary Impaction and Consequent Mandibular Autorotation

This study was aimed at proposing a three-dimensional (3D) evaluation method for the soft tissue effects of Twin Block (TB) functional appliance therapy by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. In this retrospective study, a total of 60 pre- and posttreatment (T0 and T1) CBCT images of Class II patients with mandibular retrognathia treated with a TB appliance were used. Volumetric and linear soft tissue changes were evaluated quantitatively with 3D measurements and qualitatively with color mapping visual. Linear (NV-A and NV-Pog) and angular (SNA, SNB, and ANB) skeletal changes were also measured on 3D images. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare statistical differences, and the scores of male and female participant differences were observed with the Mann–Whitney U test. In this study, a decrease was observed in SNA ( p < 0.05 ), ANB ( p < 0.01 ), and NV-Pog ( p < 0.05 ) while an increase in SNB ( p < 0.01 ) was found. However, decrease in NV-A distance was not statistically significant ( p > 0.05 ). As a result of the evaluation of soft tissue changes, while the anterior reposition of the lower lip, soft tissue pogonion, and soft tissue gnathion was found to be significant ( p < 0.01 , p < 0.01 , and p < 0.05 , respectively), the upper lip and subnasale repositions were not statistically significant ( p > 0.05 ). 3D soft tissue changes after TB therapy can be evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively by using CBCT images. Anterior repositioning of the mandible with functional therapy also provides improvement in soft tissue profile, especially in the lower facial region.

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Comparison of Soft Tissue Changes Between Two Class II Malocclusion Treatment Protocols: with and without Extractions Associated to Intermaxillary Elastics

Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.17921/2447-8938.2020v22n4p204-209 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 204-209

Author(s):

Honório Tóttoli Segundo ◽

Victor França Didier ◽

Renata Rodrigues de Almeida-Pedrin ◽

Ana Cláudia de Castro Ferreira Conti ◽

Marcio Rodrigues de Almeida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Class Ii ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Lower Lip ◽

Tissue Changes ◽

Group 2 ◽

Soft Tissue Changes ◽

Group 1

AbstractThe literature is scarce on the intermaxillary elastics impacts on soft tissue during the treatment of Class II malocclusion The purpose of the present study was to compare the soft tissue changes after the treatment of Class II malocclusion using intermaxillary elastics with and without the premolars extraction. The sample consisted of 41 patients Class II Division 1 malocclusion with bilateral molar relationship of at least ½ cusp, divided into two groups. Group 1: 21 patients (mean age 18.97 years) treated for a mean period of 3.15 years with intermaxillary elastics without dental extractions. Group 2: 20 patients (mean age,17.40 years) treated for a mean period of 3.07 years with intermaxillary elastics and extraction of two maxillary premolars. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were used to measure the soft tissue and incisor variations before and after orthodontic treatment. Dolphin Imaging Premium software was used for radiographic analysis. Groups 1 and 2 were highly similar concerning age, initial overjet, molar relationship, treatment time, and initial cephalometric measurements. Statistically significant differences between both groups were observed (P<0.05) related to the anteroposterior position of the lower lip in Group 2 and facial convexity angle in Group 1. Conclusions: Both treatment modalities promoted similar effects on the facial profile, except for the greater retrusion of the lower lip in the protocol with extractions and decrease in the facial convexity in the protocol without extractions. Keywords: Malocclusion. Angle Class II. Orthodontics. Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures. Tooth Extractions ResumoA literatura é escassa quanto ao impacto dos elásticos intermaxilares nos tecidos moles durante o tratamento da má oclusão de classe II. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar as alterações tegumentares do tratamento da má oclusão de Classe II com elásticos intermaxilares sem extração e com extrações de pré-molares. A amostra retrospectiva foi de 41 indivíduos que apresentavam no início do tratamento relação molar de no mínimo 1/2 Classe II bilateral e foram divididos em dois grupos. Grupo 1: 21 pacientes (média de idade inicial de 18,97 anos), tratados por um período médio de 3,15 anos, sem extrações e com uso elásticos intermaxilares; Grupo 2: 20 pacientes (média de idade de 17,40 anos), tratados por um período médio de 3,07 anos, com extrações de dois pré-molares superiores e elásticos. As telerradiografias foram usadas para aferir as medidas tegumentares e a variação dos incisivos antes e depois do tratamento ortodôntico através do software Dolphin Imaging Premium 11.7. Ambos os grupos mostraram alto grau de compatibilidade nos quesitos idade, overjet inicial, relação molar, tempo de tratamento e medidas cefalométricas iniciais. Os resultados ao final do tratamento mostraram diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos (p<0,05) na posição anteroposterior do lábio inferior (Grupo 2) e no ângulo de convexidade facial (Grupo 1). Conclusões: As duas modalidades de tratamento promovem efeitos semelhantes no perfil facial, exceto pela maior retrusão do lábio inferior no protocolo com extrações e diminuição da convexidade facial no protocolo sem extrações. Palavras-chave: Má Oclusão de angle classe II. Ortodontia. Procedimentos de Ancoragem em Orthodontia. Extração Dentária.

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Comparative evaluation of soft tissue changes in Class I borderline patients treated with extraction and nonextraction modalities

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/2177-6709.21.4.050-059.oar ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 50-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Aniruddh Yashwant V. ◽

Ravi K. ◽

Edeinton Arumugam

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Class I ◽

Upper Lip ◽

Lower Lip ◽

Borderline Cases ◽

Skeletal Malocclusion ◽

Nasolabial Angle ◽

Borderline Patients ◽

Tissue Changes ◽

Soft Tissue Changes

Abstract Objective: To compare soft tissue changes in Class I borderline cases treated with extraction and nonextraction modalities. Methods: A parent sample of 150 patients with Class I dental and skeletal malocclusion (89 patients treated with premolar extraction and 61 patients without extraction) was randomly selected and subjected to discriminant analysis which identified the borderline sample of 44 patients (22 extraction and 22 nonextraction patients). Pretreatment and post-treatment cephalograms of the borderline subsample were analyzed using 22 soft tissue parameters. Results: Upper and lower lips were more retracted and thickness of the upper lip increased more in the borderline extraction cases (p < 0.01). The nasolabial angle became more obtuse and the interlabial gap was reduced in the borderline extraction cases (p < 0.01). Lower lip, interlabial gap and nasolabial angle showed no changes in the borderline nonextraction cases. Conclusion: The soft tissue parameters which can be used as guideline in decision making to choose either extraction or nonextraction in Class I borderline cases are upper and lower lip protrusion in relation to the E-plane and Sn-Pg' line, lower lip protrusion in relation to the true vertical line (TVL), upper lip thickness, nasolabial angle and interlabial gap.

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Evaluation of soft tissue changes around the lips after bracket debonding using three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/090414.622.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 85 (5) ◽

pp. 833-840 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Young-Kyun Kim ◽

Nam-Ki Lee ◽

Sang-Woon Moon ◽

Moon-Jung Jang ◽

Hyun-Suk Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Facial Soft Tissue ◽

Orthodontic Bracket ◽

Lower Lip ◽

Before And After ◽

Tissue Changes ◽

Orthodontic Patients ◽

Soft Tissue Changes ◽

Facial Images

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the changes in soft tissue around the lips after orthodontic bracket debonding using three-dimensional (3-D) stereophotogrammetry. Materials and Methods: 3-D facial images of 20 subjects (10 men and 10 women; mean age, 26.81 ± 7.23 years) were taken with a white light scanner before and after debonding the labial brackets. Two images acquired from each subject were superimposed, and 15 soft tissue landmarks around the lips were plotted and analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using both paired and independent t-tests (P < .05). Results: There were no significant changes in position of any landmark on the x (left-right)- or y (vertical)-axes after removal of the brackets. However, the landmarks in the oral commissures and lower lip (LLP, −0.55 mm; Li, −0.44 mm; Ch-L, −0.56 mm, all P < .05) on the z (anteroposterior)-axis showed statistically significant differences. There were no significant positional changes of most landmarks on the x-, y-, or z- axes after bracket removal among the various genders and lip thicknesses. Conclusions: There was a slight retrusion in the oral commissure and lower lip areas after debonding, but no changes were found in the upper lip area. This study showed that 3-D stereophotogrammetry can be useful in evaluating facial soft tissue changes in orthodontic patients.

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Comparison of Soft Tissue Changes Produced by Two Different Appliances on Mixed Dentition Children

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/6612598 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Nashid Fareen ◽

Mohammad Khursheed Alam ◽

Mohd Fadhli Khamis ◽

Norehan Mokhtar

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Gender Disparity ◽

Mixed Dentition ◽

Age Difference ◽

Class Iii ◽

Upper Lip ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lower Lip ◽

Tissue Changes ◽

Soft Tissue Changes

Objective. This study was focused on comparing and analyzing the soft tissue changes induced by Reverse Twin-Block (RTB) and Reverse Pull Face Mask (RPFM) in early and late mixed dentition Malay children having Class III malocclusion. Methods. This cross-sectional study includes a total sample of 95 Malay children of both early (8-9 years) and late (10-11 years) mixed dentition stages. The comparison was between 49 samples treated by RTB and 46 samples treated by RPFM. Both pre- and posttreatment changes were assessed with Holdaway’s analysis using the CASSOS software. In each cephalogram, 71 anatomic landmarks were traced. Descriptive and multiple regression analyses were performed for statistical evaluation. Results. Statistically significant changes were noticed in soft tissue facial angle, subnasale to H-line, skeletal profile convexity, upper lip strain, H-line angle, lower lip to H-line, and inferior sulcus to H-line measurements. Gender disparity was noticed in upper lip strain. Other significant changes were influenced by the type of appliance. However, the mean differences were minute to notice clinically. Age difference did not have any effect on the treatment changes. Conclusions. RPFM revealed treatment outcome with more protruded upper lip than RTB.

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Soft Tissue Response to Upper Incisor Retraction in Boys

British Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1179/bjo.1.5.199 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

pp. 199-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Per Johan Wisth

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Individual Case ◽

Tissue Response ◽

Lower Lip ◽

Tissue Changes ◽

Incisor Retraction ◽

Treatment Changes ◽

Morphological Differences ◽

Soft Tissue Changes ◽

Soft Tissue Response

The paper describes the lip morphology and treatment changes in two groups of boys with slight (3–4 mm) and marked (8–10 mm) overjets. The results show that the initial morphological differences are greatest in the lower lip and these are maintained even after treatment. In individuals with a small overjet, the upper lip response is more closely related to the degree of incisor retraction than in individuals with marked overjet. Correction of the great overjets results in approximately similar upper and lower lip retraction. The results generally show great variability, and thus indicate that prediction of soft tissue changes in an individual case is difficult.

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Soft Tissue Changes after Orthognathic Surgery: A Study

Orthodontic Journal of Nepal ◽

10.3126/ojn.v1i1.9367 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 47-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chandran Upadhyaya ◽

Mohan Baliga ◽

Premalatha Shetty

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Orthognathic Surgery ◽

Hard Tissue ◽

Facial Soft Tissue ◽

Lower Lip ◽

Maxillary Osteotomy ◽

Alar Base ◽

Soft Tissue Profile ◽

Tissue Changes ◽

Soft Tissue Changes

Aim and objective: The main aim and objectives of this study was to determine the changes in the facial soft tissue profile following orthognathic surgery, to evaluate eventual treatment effects on stability of facial aesthetics and degree of predictability of these changes. Materials and method: 15 numbers of patients underwent with le fort I, anterior maxillary osteotomy, genioplasty and bimaxillary surgery. The alar base cinch suture and the V-Y closure techniques were used in each maxillary procedure. The criteria applied included an average follow-up of 6 months post-operatively. Results: In this study preoperative and postoperative cephalometric tracing were compared to analyze the soft tissue profile changes in relation to hard tissue changes in both upper and lower lip and chin regions after double jaw surgery. Only horizontal changes were analyzed for which an X-Y coordinate system was used. The upper lip responded variably to the direction and amount of maxillary positioning. The predictability and the significance of changes of soft tissue in relation to hard tissue are variable as it reaches towards the nose. Conclusion: It is important for the clinician to realize that numerous factors of variability exist so that he can understand that the soft-tissue profile will sometimes deviate quite markedly from what is expected, in spite of careful planning.

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