“It isn’t Going to Last Forever!” The Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Older Adults

The media puts a spotlight on older adults’ vulnerability to COVID-19 with limited consideration on how they view and cope with this crisis. This study is to give older adults voices to share their experiences of this pandemic. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 46 adults between the ages of 66 and 97 from the midwestern United States. Participants were asked to share how the pandemic affects them, their vision for the future, and how they cope during the pandemic. Although they worried about their health, felt isolated and missed seeing family and friends, most participants shared an optimistic view for the future. Some said that they are looking forward to receiving the vaccine, some believed that the effects of the pandemic are just temporary, and others compared that of the pandemic to the wars and other types of hardships which were much worse. Strategies for coping during the pandemic vary from spiritual practices to positive thinking, from exercises to new hobbies, and from calling family members to cutting down on the news. The results also show that the oldest-old and old-old participants seem to be better at regulating their negative effects compared to the young-old. One female participant in her 90s shared that she does not worry about the pandemic because there is nothing that she can do about it. Older adults’ adaptability during the COVID-19 pandemic should be better understood to reverse the image of their vulnerabilities and promote late-life coping during crises.

Penerapan Media Audio-Visual dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Latihan Teknik Dasar Dollyo Chagi pada Peserta Ekstrakurikuler Taekwondo di SMA

The purpose of this study is to examine and description the application of audio-visual media and enhance the basic training result of dollyo chagi in application audio-visual media for extracurricular participant taekwondo in SMA. This research is sport action study (PTO). This research use descriptive qualitative and quantitative method. The sample of this study has 11 participant with 6 male participant and 5 female participant category. The instrument used is observing guidelines for activities extracurricular participants for qualitative data and assessment basic training dollyo chagi for quantitative data. The results of show percentage whole participants before action is 3 percent. After that cycle I be an 81 percent and cycle II to 91 percent. Unfortunately, participant’s activity before action reach 81 percent and include to category “Cukup”. Thus, it can be concluded that audio-visual media can enhance basic training result of dollyo chagi for extracurricular participant taekwondo in SMA. Audio-visual media can be helper for extracurricular activity for coach to be enhanced training result. Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji dan mendeskripsikan penerapan media audio-visual dan peningkatan hasil latihan teknik dasar dollyo chagi dalam penerapan media audio-visual pada peserta ekstrakurikuler taekwondo di SMA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan olahraga (PTO). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif kuantitatif. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 11 peserta dengan kategori 6 peserta laki-laki dan 5 peserta perempuan. Instrumen tes yang digunakan adalah kisi-kisi pedoman observasi aktivitas latihan peserta ekstrakurikuler untuk data kualitatif dan rubrik penilaian teknik dasar dollyo chagi untuk data kuantitatif. Hasil data penelitian menunjukkan persentase hasil latihan peserta secara keseluruhan sebelum tindakan berada pada 3 persen. Setelah dilakukan tindakan pada siklus I menjadi 82 persen dan pada siklus II sebesar 91 persen. Sedangkan untuk aktivitas peserta sebelum tindakan mencapai angka 81 persen yang dikategorikan cukup. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa media audio-visual dapat meningkatkan hasil latihan teknik dasar dollyo chagi peserta ekstrakurikuler taekwondo di SMA. Media audio-visual disarankan dapat dijadikan media bantu kegiatan ekstrakurikuler oleh pelatih untuk mengoptimalkan hasil latihan.

Effects of Menstrual Cycles on VOR Gain Functions

Purpose The aim of the present study was to assess the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) gain function and VOR gain asymmetry during the various phases of the menstrual cycle in young healthy female participants. The study also aimed to characterize the presence or absence of corrective saccades during the various phases of the menstrual cycle. Method Twenty-nine young healthy females participated in the study. The video head impulse test (vHIT) was performed in lateral, left anterior right posterior, and right anterior left posterior plane during the various phases of the menstrual cycle to see the changes in VOR gain function and VOR gain asymmetry ratio changes. Results A repeated measure analysis of variance test did not show any significant main effect for the VOR gain function and VOR gain asymmetry ratio in various phases of the menstrual cycle in all the participants. The result suggested no changes in VOR gain function and VOR asymmetry ratio in healthy females during the menstrual cycle. Also, there was an absence of saccades in the entire participants group during the various phases of the menstrual cycle. Conclusions As the VOR gain function does not change during the various phases of the menstrual cycle in young healthy females, there is no need to consider the various phases of the menstrual cycle while testing any female participant during the vHIT test.

STUDY OF INCIDENCE OF THE CORONAL APPROACH IN CRANIOFACIAL TRAUMA AND ADVANTAGEOUS OF TITANIUM MESH IN RECONSTRUCTION OF CRANIOFACIAL DEFECTS.

INTRODUCTION: The coronal approach gives a broad exposure to the frontal bone, the calvaria, the nasal bones, the orbits, the subcondylar region, the zygoma and the zygomatic arch and gives ideal aesthetic results with less complication. The common craniofacial fractures are Nasal bones (45%), cranial bones (24%), Mandible (13%), Zygoma (13%), Orbital blowout (3%), Maxilla (2%). Common causes of fractures are Road trafc accident, Assault, Industrial accidents, Recreational accidents, Frontal bone fracture. METHOD: The study was carried out for a period of one year from March 2020 to March 2021. The study conducted in St Joseph dental college ELURU in the department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. The age limit for this study was below 30 years. The number of subjects involved in this study was 5. Number of females was 3 and males were 2 in this study. RESULT: Number of female participants in this study was 3 and number of male participants was 2.Number of male participants with coronal incision were 1 and number of participants with pretrichial incision were 2.Out of 2 one for male participant and one for female participant. CONCLUSION: The coronal ap has recently become a preferred approach for access to the craniofacial skeleton and orbit. This method of exposure has become particularly useful with increased indications for rigid internal xation and primary bone grafting in the management of complex facial fractures.

COVID-19 Vaccination and Menstrual Issues - A Survey

The present study was aimed to assess the menstrual issues post COVID 19 vaccination. The objectives of the study was to assess the menstrual issues post COVID 19 vaccination & to find the association between menstrual issues and socio demographic variables. The study was conducted among 100 female participants who were vaccinated against COVID 19, using purposive sampling method. The present study showed that 88% had taken Covishield and 12 % had taken Covaxin. Majority that is 68% of the female participants belonged to the age group of 18-26 years, 63 % were Hindus and 65% belonged to nuclear family. In terms of the educational status 55% were graduates and 49% were studying. Majority that is 67% had their first menstrual period at the age of 13-15 years and 91% had no menstrual problem before Covid 19 vaccination. Distribution of 88 female participants according to Covishield vaccine and the menstrual issues revealed that 14% had missed periods, 10 % had bleeding or spotting in between periods, 13 % had menstrual bleeding lasting long, 58 % had menstrual cramps, 18% had heavy periods, 24% had breast tenderness, 39% had abdominal bloating, 27% had extreme tiredness, 11% had constipation and 47% had mood swings. Distribution of 12 female participants according to Covaxin vaccine and the menstrual issues revealed that 33% had missed periods, 25% had bleeding or spotting in between periods, 08% had menstrual bleeding lasting long, 50% had menstrual cramps, 17% had heavy periods, 33% had breast tenderness, 33% had abdominal bloating, 67% had extreme tiredness, 25% had constipation and 58% had mood swings. Distribution of female participants aged <20 years who were vaccinated with Covishield/Covaxin revealed that none of the participants in this age group reported any menstrual issues except one person who had extreme tiredness after Covaxin. Chi-Square test or proportion test no possible for both Covishield and Covaxin in age group<20 as observed frequencies do not match requirements of the test. Distribution of female participants aged 20 -29 years who were vaccinated with Covishield/ Covaxin revealed that for Covishield the proportion test for menstrual cramps revealed Z=0.426 (not significant, ‘p’>0.05), abdominal bloating Z=7.249 (significant, ‘p’< 0.01) and mood swing Z= 2.558 (significant, ‘p’<0.01) For Covaxin Chi square or proportion test not possible in age group 20 - 29 years as observed frequencies do not match requirements of the test. Distribution of female participants aged 30-39 years who were vaccinated with Covishield/Covaxin revealed that for Covishield the proportion test for breast tenderness revealed Z=0.343 (not significant, ‘p’>0.05). Chi square test & proportion test for missed bleeding, periods lasting long, and cramps is not possible as the observed frequencies do not match requirements of the test. For Covaxin Chi square or proportion test not possible in age group 30 - 39 years as observed frequencies do not match requirements of the test. Distribution of female participants aged 40-49 years who were vaccinated with Covishield, majority had menstrual issues and those who were vaccinated with Covaxin 50% had no menstrual issues. Chi -Square test or proportion test no possible for both Covishield and Covaxin in age group 40-49 years as observed frequencies do not match requirements of the test. Only one female participant aged 50 years and above was vaccinated with Covishield and she had menstrual issues before vaccination too. Therefore statistical analysis possible in this case. A quantitative non- experimental survey approach was chosen for the study. Menstrual issues post COVID 19 vaccination was assessed using a structured questionnaire. Keywords: COVID 19, vaccination, Covishield, Covaxin, menstrual issues.

Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Soft Tissue Changes after Functional Therapy

This study was aimed at proposing a three-dimensional (3D) evaluation method for the soft tissue effects of Twin Block (TB) functional appliance therapy by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. In this retrospective study, a total of 60 pre- and posttreatment (T0 and T1) CBCT images of Class II patients with mandibular retrognathia treated with a TB appliance were used. Volumetric and linear soft tissue changes were evaluated quantitatively with 3D measurements and qualitatively with color mapping visual. Linear (NV-A and NV-Pog) and angular (SNA, SNB, and ANB) skeletal changes were also measured on 3D images. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare statistical differences, and the scores of male and female participant differences were observed with the Mann–Whitney U test. In this study, a decrease was observed in SNA ( p < 0.05 ), ANB ( p < 0.01 ), and NV-Pog ( p < 0.05 ) while an increase in SNB ( p < 0.01 ) was found. However, decrease in NV-A distance was not statistically significant ( p > 0.05 ). As a result of the evaluation of soft tissue changes, while the anterior reposition of the lower lip, soft tissue pogonion, and soft tissue gnathion was found to be significant ( p < 0.01 , p < 0.01 , and p < 0.05 , respectively), the upper lip and subnasale repositions were not statistically significant ( p > 0.05 ). 3D soft tissue changes after TB therapy can be evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively by using CBCT images. Anterior repositioning of the mandible with functional therapy also provides improvement in soft tissue profile, especially in the lower facial region.

Coping with COVID-19 Pandemic: A Population-Based Study in Bangladesh

This study aims to investigate coping strategies used by Bangladeshi citizens during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: Prospective, cross-sectional survey of adults (N=2001) living in Bangladesh. Methods: Participants were interviewed for socio-demographic data and completed the Bengali translated Brief-COPE Inventory. Statistical data analysis was conducted using SPSS (Version 20). Results: Participants (N=2001), aged 18 to 86 years, were recruited from eight administrative divisions within Bangladesh (mean age 31.85, SD 14.2 years). Male to female participant ratio was 53.4% (n=1074) to 46.6% (n=927). Higher scores were reported for approach coping styles (29.83, SD 8.9), with lower scores reported for avoidant coping styles (20.83, SD 6.05). Humor coping scores were reported at 2.68, SD 1.3, and religion coping scores at 5.64, SD 1.8. Both men and women showed similar coping styles. Multivariate analysis found a significant relationship between the male gender and both humor and avoidant coping (p <.01). Male gender was found to be inversely related to both religion and approach coping (p<.01). Marital status and education were significantly related to all coping style domains (p<.01). The occupation was significantly related to approach coping (p <.01). Rural and urban locations differed significantly in participant coping styles (p <.01). Factor analysis revealed two cluster groups (Factor 1 and 2) comprised of unique combinations from all coping style domains. Conclusion: Participants in this study coped with the COVID-19 pandemic by utilizing a combination of coping strategies. Factor 1 revealed both avoidant and approach coping strategies and Factor 2 revealed a combination of humor and avoidant coping strategies. Overall, higher utilization of approach coping strategies was reported, which has previously been associated with better physical and mental health outcomes. Religion was found to be a coping strategy for all participants. Future research may focus on understanding resilience in vulnerable populations, including people with disabilities or with migrant or refugee status in Bangladesh.

First participant diagnosed with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the population-based Rotterdam Study was classified with mild cognitive impairment

Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is a rare, fatal, neurodegenerative disease caused by accumulation of abnormally folded prion protein. sCJD can have a long asymptomatic incubation period, with little known about this period. We describe the first-ever participant within the population-based Rotterdam Study diagnosed with sCJD. We retrieved clinical data from both the population-based Rotterdam Study and the National Prion Disease Registry. In 2011, a female participant of the Rotterdam Study was diagnosed with probable sCJD and registered into the Registry. Four months earlier, she was classified as having mild cognitive impairment based on assessment in the Rotterdam Study. Clinical deterioration was rapid, with the patient dying 7 months after the research centre visit. Postmortem brain autopsy confirmed the diagnosis of sCJD. In conclusion, we describe the first case diagnosed with sCJD who during diagnostic workup for sCJD was classified as having mild cognitive impairment in a population-based cohort study.

Genomic relatedness and clinical significance of Streptococcus mitis strains isolated from the urogenital tract of sexual partners

Research into the lower urinary tract (LUT) microbiota has primarily focused on its relationship to LUT symptoms (LUTS), taking snapshots of these communities in individuals with and without LUTS. While certain bacterial taxa have been associated with LUTS, or the lack thereof, the temporal dynamics of this community were largely unknown. Recently, we conducted a longitudinal study and found that vaginal intercourse resulted in a shift in species richness and diversity within the LUT microbiota. This is particularly relevant as frequent vaginal intercourse is a major risk factor for urinary tract infection (UTI) in premenopausal women (Aydin et al. Int Urogynecol J 2015;26:795–804). To further investigate the relationship between vaginal intercourse and LUT microbiota, here we present the results of a 3 week study in which daily urogenital specimens were collected from a female participant and her male sexual partner. Consistent with our previous findings, the LUT microbiota changed after vaginal intercourse, most notably a high abundance of Streptococcus mitis was observed post-coitus. We isolated and sequenced S. mitis from both sexual partners finding that: (i) the S. mitis isolates from the female partner’s urogenital tract were genomically similar throughout the duration of the study, and (ii) they were related to one isolate from the male partner’s oral cavity collected at the end of the study, suggesting transmission between the two individuals. We hypothesize that blooms in S. mitis after vaginal intercourse may play a role in coitus-related UTI. We found that a S. mitis isolate, in contrast to a Lactobacillus jensenii isolate displaced after vaginal intercourse, cannot inhibit the growth of uropathogenic Escherichia coli . Thus, this bloom in S. mitis may provide a window of opportunity for a uropathogen to colonize the LUT.

The Memoir of Florence Garstang (1870-1941): Honour, Injustice, and Gendered Sacrifice in an Upwardly Mobile Blackburn Family

This article introduces the previously unexamined Blackburn memoir of Florence Garstang (1870-1941). It contributes to women’s history by providing her response to injustices in the Blackburn cotton riots and to a gendered injustice that marked her own life. It reveals a creative, precariously upwardly-mobile Blackburn family, whose sons had unusually successful careers, whilst Florence became women’s editor on the Blackburn Standard. It shows her close relationship with her father, Dr Walter Garstang (1832-1899), rooted in values of self- and mutual improvement, continual learning, pride in local traditions and pleasure in books and the local newspaper culture. The article builds on Andrew Hobbs’ work by providing a previously unknown case study of a female participant in Blackburn newspaper culture. Dr Garstang’s work as a Blackburn Poor Law medical officer and in private practice is discussed as the context in which he asked Florence to sacrifice her Oxford dream.