Essential Hypertension: Cardiovascular Response to Breath Hold Combined with Exercise

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (08) ◽  
pp. 615-623
Author(s):  
U. Hoffmann ◽  
P. Urban ◽  
J. Koschate ◽  
U. Drescher ◽  
R. Pfister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Breath Hold

Effects of Clonidine and Hydrochlorothiazide on the Cardiovascular Response to Mental Stress in Adolescent Hypertension

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (s8) ◽  
pp. 455s-458s ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonita Falkner ◽  
Gaddo Onesti ◽  
Melton B. Affrime ◽  
David T. Lowenthal
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Adrenergic Activity

1. The effects of clonidine and hydrochlorothiazide on the cardiovascular responses to mental stess were compared in 29 adolescents with essential hypertension. 2. Clonidine therapy was associated with lower diastolic pressures, heart rate and noradrenaline in response to mental stress. By contrast, hydrochlorothiazide resulted in the reduction of systolic pressure only. The mental stress testing produced a greater absolute diastolic pressure response and higher plasma noradrenaline on hydrochlorothiazide therapy. 3. Juveniles with essential hypertension may be more sensitive to central control of blood pressure and more resistant to diuretics. 4. The reduced diastolic pressure and heart rate response to central stimuli during clonidine therapy may be related to decreased adrenergic activity, as indicated by lower plasma noradrenaline.

scholarly journals Blood Adenosine Increase During Apnea in Spearfishermen Reinforces the Efficiency of the Cardiovascular Component of the Diving Reflex

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Marlinge ◽  
Mohamed Chefrour ◽  
François Billaut ◽  
Marion Zavarro ◽  
Jean-Claude Rostain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Duration ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Phase Average ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
Voluntary Apnea

The physiopathology consequences of hypoxia during breath-hold diving are a matter of debate. Adenosine (AD), an ATP derivative, is suspected to be implicated in the adaptive cardiovascular response to apnea, because of its vasodilating and bradycardic properties, two clinical manifestations observed during voluntary apnea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adenosine response to apnea-induced hypoxia in trained spearfishermen (SFM) who are used to perform repetitive dives for 4–5 h. Twelve SFM (11 men and 1 woman, mean age 41 ± 3 years, apnea experience: 18 ± 9 years) and 10 control (CTL) subjects (age 44 ± 7 years) were enrolled in the study. Subjects were asked to main a dry static apnea and stopped it when they began the struggle phase (average duration: SFM 120 ± 78 s, CTL 78 ± 12 s). Capillary blood samples were collected at baseline and immediately after the apnea and analyzed for standard parameters and adenosine blood concentration ([AD]b). Heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP), and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were also recorded continuously during the apnea. During the apnea, an increase in SBP and DBP and a decrease in HR were observed in both SFM and CTL. At baseline, [AD]b was higher in SFM compared with CTL (1.05 ± 0.2 vs. 0.73 ± 0.11 μM, p < 0.01). [AD]b increased significantly at the end of the apnea in both groups, but the increase was significantly greater in SFM than in controls (+90.4 vs. +12%, p < 0.01). Importantly, in SFM, we also observed significant correlations between [AD]b and HR (R = −0.8, p = 0.02), SpO2 (R = −0.69, p = 0.01), SBP (R = −0.89, p = 0.02), and DBP (R = −0.68, p = 0.03). Such associations were absent in CTL. The adenosine release during apnea was associated with blood O2 saturation and cardiovascular parameters in trained divers but not in controls. These data therefore suggest that adenosine may play a major role in the adaptive cardiovascular response to apnea and could reflect the level of training.

scholarly journals VARIASI PERBEDAAN JUMLAH DENYUT NADI PENYELAM TRADISIONALPADA SIMULASI PENYELAMAN

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rheiner V. Mandagi ◽  
Maya Moningka
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Pulse Number ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Facial Immersion

Abstract: Human dive response aims to conserve oxygen. Direct contact of the water on the forehead, eyes and nose is a strong stimulus for which is innervated by the trigeminal nerve stimulation causes inhibition against respiratory and vasomotor centers and the activation of cardiac vagal motoneuron. The cardiovascular response that causes a decrease in the heart rate and vasoconstriction  Facial cold receptors more strongly activated by low water temperature (10 – 150C). The specific objective of this study was to analyze differences in pulse number of healthy male traditional diver before, while, and after simulated dives. This research is an experimental study with 20 analytical samples are housed in Malalayang 2 Data were analyzed using SPSS and Test T. The results of this study found the number of pulses during a breath hold and facial immersion in cold water was significantly lower than that before doing the activity (p = 0.0001) with 17.1±10.2 difference. The number after the pulse raised face of the water was significantly higher than the current hold your breath and facial immersion in cold water (p = 0.0001), with the difference in the amount of as much as 16.6±10.8 pulse. Conclusion : there are significant difference (p = 0.0001) number of pulses in healthy male traditional divers during the interim before and after the while doing simulations hold your breath and dive with facial immersion in cold water.                                                                                                         . Keywords : Pulse, Traditional Diving    Abstrak.Respon penyelaman manusia bertujuan untuk menghemat oksigen.Kontak langsung terhadap air pada dahi, mata dan hidung merupakan stimulus kuat karena dipersarafi oleh nervus trigeminus dimana stimulasi terhadapnya menyebabkan penghambatan pernafasan dan pengaktifan pusat vasomotor dan motoneuron vagal jantung.Respon kardiovaskuler ini yang menyebabkan penurunan denyut jantung dan terjadinya vasokontriksi.Reseptor dingin wajah lebih kuat teraktivasi dengan air temperatur rendah (10-150C).Tujuan khusus penelitian ini adalah menganalisa perbedaan jumlah denyut nadi laki-laki sehat penyelam tradisional sebelum, sementara, dan sesudah simulasi penyelaman.Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian analitik eksperimental dengan 20 sampel yang bertempat di Malalayang 2. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakanSPSS dan Uji T. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan jumlah denyut nadi saat melakukan tahan napas dan perendaman wajah dalam air dingin secara bermakna lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan sebelum melakukan kegiatan tersebut (p=0,0001) dengan perbedaan sebanyak 17,1+10,2. Jumlah denyut nadi sesudah wajah diangkat dari dalam air bermakna lebih tinggi daripada saat tahan napas dan perendaman wajah dalam air dingin (p=0,0001), dengan perbedaan jumlah denyut nadi sebanyak 16,6+10,8. Simpulan: ada perbedaan bermakna (p=0,0001) jumlah denyut nadi pada laki-laki sehat penyelam tradisional pada saat sebelum dengan sementara dan sesudah dengan sementara melakukan simulasi penyelaman dengan tahan napas dan perendaman wajah dalam air dingin. Kata Kunci: Denyut Nadi, Penyelaman Tradisional.

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