Selenosilane-Promoted Selective Mild Transformation of N-Thiophthalimides into Symmetric Disulfides

Synthesis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (08) ◽  
pp. 1819-1824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Viglianisi ◽  
Chiara Bonardi ◽  
Elena Ermini ◽  
Antonella Capperucci ◽  
Stefano Menichetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Behavior ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Dialkyl Disulfides

The reactivity of N-thiophthalimides with silyl chalcogenides is described. Treatment of N-thiophthalimides with bis(trimethylsilyl) sulfide [(Me3Si)2S] leads to the formation of a mixture of the corresponding disulfides and trisulfides. On the other hand, N-thiophthalimides react with bis(trimethylsilyl) selenide [(Me3Si)2Se] under TBAF catalysis to smoothly give variously substituted diaryl, divinyl, and dialkyl disulfides; formation of a selenotrisulfide (dithiaselane, RSSeSR) is rationalized as an intermediate. Exploiting the different chemical behavior of silyl chalcogenides, we have disclosed a novel, selective, and operationally simple method to access disulfides in good yields under mild conditions.

scholarly journals Stationarity as a path property

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-422
Author(s):  
Yi Shen ◽  
Tony S. Wirjanto
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Process ◽  
Stationary Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Distributional Property ◽  
Shift Invariance ◽  
Stationarity Test ◽  
Path Property ◽  
Almost All

Traditionally, stationarity refers to shift invariance of the distribution of a stochastic process. In this paper, we rediscover stationarity as a path property instead of a distributional property. More precisely, we characterize a set of paths, denoted by A, which corresponds to the notion of stationarity. On one hand, the set A is shown to be large enough, so that for any stationary process, almost all of its paths are in A. On the other hand, we prove that any path in A will behave in the optimal way under any stationarity test satisfying some mild conditions.

Catatonia as a Type of Mental Reactions

1916 ◽  
Vol 62 (258) ◽  
pp. 556-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Dementia Praecox ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Manic Depressive

In 1896 Kraepelin first introduced and defined his conception of the manic-depressive psychoses and dementia præcox. It has been fairly generally admitted that his was a brilliant piece of work, but since that time he has been led, in certain more or less minor respects, to modify his views. Briefly put, Kraepelin described in a very thorough and detailed way the symptomatology of these disorders, and then, according as the case was one of manic-depressive insanity or dementia præcox, the prognosis was held to be either good or bad respectively. Such a simple method of differentiation and of deciding on the prognosis seemed too good to be true, and although it must be admitted that in the main it holds good, yet in certain fundamental respects it fails. We all know that certain types of the manic-depressive psychosis do not get well, and on the other hand we all probably have seen cases which, symptomatologically, were cases of dementia præcox that recovered. In no group of cases has this been more clearly seen than in catatonia.

4. Notice of a Simple Method of Approximating to the Roots of any Algebraic Equation

1866 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 162-165
Author(s):  
Edward Sang
Keyword(s):  
Algebraic Equation ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Continued Fractions ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
General Theorem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Periodic Chain

M. Lagrange, on applying the method of continued fractions to the resolution of numerical equations, discovered that, for those of the second degree, the quotients recur periodically. From this, combined with the previously well known fact that all periodic chain fractions belong to quadratics, he inferred that periodicity is exclusively confined to equations of this order.In January 1858, I showed to the Royal Society that the series of approximating fractions obtained by M. Lagrange can be continued in the opposite direction, and that the convergence then is to the other root; and enunciated the general theorem, that if any two fractions be assumed, and if a progression be formed from them by combining fixed multiples of their members, this progression, which I called duserr or two-headed, may be continued in either way, and gives on the one hand the one, on the other hand the other root of a quadratic.

scholarly journals Well-Posedness for a Class of Strongly Mixed Variational-Hemivariational Inequalities with Perturbations

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu-Chuan Ceng ◽  
Ngai-Ching Wong ◽  
Jen-Chih Yao
Keyword(s):  
Minimization Problem ◽  
Hemivariational Inequality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inclusion Problem ◽  
Hemivariational Inequalities ◽  
Well Posedness ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Well Posed ◽  
Special Case

The concept of well-posedness for a minimization problem is extended to develop the concept of well-posedness for a class of strongly mixed variational-hemivariational inequalities with perturbations which includes as a special case the class of variational-hemivariational inequalities with perturbations. We establish some metric characterizations for the well-posed strongly mixed variational-hemivariational inequality and give some conditions under which the strongly mixed variational-hemivariational inequality is strongly well-posed in the generalized sense. On the other hand, it is also proven that under some mild conditions there holds the equivalence between the well posedness for a strongly mixed variational-hemivariational inequality and the well-posedness for the corresponding inclusion problem.

scholarly journals Sensory criteria assessment of fruit from Averrhoa bilimbi L. with comparison of Eckenrode and Fuzzy Eckenrode method

2021 ◽  
Vol 922 (1) ◽  
pp. 012007
Author(s):  
R Agustina ◽  
S Hartuti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sensory Assessment ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Fuzzy Method ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Decision Making System ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
High Level

Abstract The fruit candy made of processed products made from the natural fruit of Averhoa bilimbi L. whose production was abundant, recently a few to utilization. The main objective of this study was to examine the assessment of sensory criteria fruit candy from A. bilimbi with comparison of eckenrode and fuzzy eckenrode method. The results showed fruit candy contains a higher value of colour (0.239), wherein the aroma (0.169), taste (0.183), texture (0.211), and the overall acceptance (0.197) using the eckenrode method. On the other hand, based on the fuzzy eckenrode method were shown the value of colour (0.224), taste (0.187), aroma (183), texture (0.2110 and overall acceptance (0.195). Although the comparison from eckenrode and fuzzy eckenrode method appear quite stable for criterias of sensory. Finding the optimum value for an aroma in the perception of colour from fruit candy higher to eckenrode than fuzzy method. The eckenrode method provided a dynamic space in a high-level decision-making system to differ significantly. Therefore, the eckenrode method was a quite simple method to establish decisions for weighting a more definite critera in decision making in sensory assessment to develop a natural product from A. bilimbi.

scholarly journals PROPERTIES OF THE TYPE SPECIFIC PROTEINS OF ANTIPNEUMOCOCCUS SERA

1937 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Goodner ◽  
Frank L. Horsfall
Keyword(s):  
Horse Serum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type I ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Group A ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Serum Type ◽  
Precipitable Protein

The ability to carry out with some measure of precision mouse protection tests for the estimation of potency of antipneumococcus sera has made possible the correlation of the protective potency with the amount of specifically precipitable protein. With antipneumococcus rabbit sera these protective ratios are relatively constant and higher than those with immune horse serum. Type I antipneumococcus horse sera, on the other hand, show no such constancy but fall into two groups; and there is as yet no simple method for determining to which group a serum belongs.

Recent Advances in Radical Nitration Using tert-Butyl Nitrite

Synthesis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (06) ◽  
pp. 796-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Zhe Song ◽  
Youren Dong ◽  
Guo-Ping Ge ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Wen-Ting Wei
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Nitro Compounds ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Nitro compounds serve as valuable intermediates for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, and polymers. In recent years, radical nitration using tert-butyl nitrite (t-BuONO) has attracted wide attention and desirable progress has been made. On the one hand, t-BuONO is a potential active nitro radical source and can react with various functional groups. On the other hand, as a green and novel nitration reagent, t-BuONO has relatively low price and can easily produce a radical under mild conditions, which undoubtedly provides a simple and efficient way for nitration reactions. To date, some important reviews are available that summarize the synthesis of nitro compounds. To the best of our knowledge, however, there is still no review that exclusively discusses the synthesis of nitro compounds using t-BuONO through a radical strategy. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the recent advances in radical nitration using t-BuONO as nitration reagent. The main progress in this area has been presented according to the type of reaction substrates. Special attention has been paid discussion of the reaction mechanisms and selected examples of substrates have been given. We hope this paper will be a useful reference and inspiration for those who are exploring the synthesis of nitro compounds using t-BuONO.1 Introduction2 Radical Nitration of Alkenes3 Radical Nitration of Aromatics4 Radical Nitration of Alkynes5 Radical Nitration of 1,n-Enynes6 Radical Nitration of Alkanes7 Summary and Perspective

scholarly journals On differentiating sensory and attentional contributions to psychophysical performance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernt Skottun
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Function ◽  
Stimulus Intensity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lapse Rate ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Other Hand

Both sensory and attentional factors have the ability to influence psychophysical performance. To be ableto differentiate these factors is important in relation to conditions such as, e.g., dyslexia and schizophrenia.A generalized expression of the psychometric function takes account of the ”Lapse Rate”. By assuming theLapse Rate corresponds to ”lapses of attention”, i.e. to inattention so as to make attention = 1.0 - LapseRate, it is possible to generate a simple method for distinguishing attentional and sensory contributions topsychophysical performance. Psychometric functions increase with stimulus intensity, or the magnitude ofstimulus difference, up to an upper asymptote. From the level of this asymptote it is possible to determinethe Lapse Rate and consequently the level of attention. Sensory capabilities, on the other hand, can bededuced from noting where the psychometric function crosses the level halfway between chance performanceand the upper asymptote.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

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