Studies on VLF atmospherics during the tropical cyclone “AILA” and several monsoon period thunderstorms over north-east India

bl 'kks/k i= esa vizSy 2009 ls vDrwcj 2009 dh vof/k ds nkSjku HkkSfrdh foHkkx] f=iqjk fo’ofo|ky; }kjk oh- ,y- ,Q- ok;qeaMyh; vFkok LQsfjDl dh vfHkyk{kf.kd fofo/krk dks pkj vyx & vyx vko`fr;ksa esa ntZ fd;k x;k gSA bl 'kks/k i= esa mRrj iwoZ Hkkjr ds 76 lfØ; xtZ ds lkFk rwQku okys vf/kdk¡’k fnuksa ds vk¡dMs+ iz;qDr fd, x,A buls izkIr ifj.kkeksa esa ekulwu ds nkSjku LQsfjDl ifjorZu esa dbZ izdkj dh fo’ks"krk,¡ n’kkZbZ xbZ gSaA bu Øfed fxjkoV] Øfed o`f) ¼th- ,Q- th- vkj-½] Øfed o`f) vpkud fxjkoV ¼th- vkj- ,l- ,Q-½] Øfed o`f) Øfed fxjkoV ¼th- vkj th- ,Q-½] Øfed fxjkoV vpkud o`f) ¼th- ,Q-,l- vkj-½] vkdfLed o`f) Øfed fxjkoV ¼,l- vkj- th- ,Q-½] vpkud fxjkoV vpkud o`f) ¼,l- vkj- ,l- ,Q-½ vpkud fxjkoV vpkud o`f) ¼,l- ,Q- ,l- vkj-½ vpkud fxjkoV Øfed o`f) ¼,l- ,Q- th- vkj-½ rFkk dBksj ¼Spiky½ Lo:i esa n’kkZ;k x;k gSA ekulwuh lfØ; xtZ ds lkFk rwQkuksa okys vf/kdka’k fnuksa esa lHkh izdkj ds iSVuksaZ esa ¼th- vkj th- ,Q-½ dh vko`fr vf/kdrj izdj.kksa esa ntZ gqbZ gS ¼izR;sd vko`fr esa vkSlru yxHkx 37 izfr’kr ?kVuk,¡ ntZ gqbZ gSa½ gekjh izs{k.kkRed vof/k ds nkSjku 23&26 ebZ dh vof/k esa caxky dh [kkM+h esa ‘vkbZyk’ uked ,d rhoz m".kdfVca/kh; pØokr vkj-,l-,e-lh- inuke% ch- vks- ch- vks-2] ts- Vh- MCY;w- lh- inuke% vks- Vw- ch- vk;k FkkA 25 ebZ 2009 ds m".k ds m".kdfVca/kh; pØokr ds nkSjku lHkh izdkj ds lkekU; ekulwuh vof/k dh vfHkyk{kf.kd fo’ks"krkvksa esa ,l-vkj-,l-,Q- ¼izR;sd vko`fr esa 86 izfr’kr ds vkSlru nj ls ?kfVr½ vko`fr vf/kdrj izdj.kksa esa ns[kh xbZ gSA tc pØokr caxky dh [kkM+h ds rVksa ls Vdjk;k ml fnu ds LQsfjDl ds vyx&vyx vko`fr forj.kksa ds vuqlkj o`f) vkSj fxjkoV dk xaHkhjrk ls fo’ys"k.k fd;k x;kA ekulwuh fnuksa vkSj ‘vkbyk’ pØokr lfØ; fnol ds lHkh ds lHkh izdkj ds iSVuksaZ dk rqyukRed v/;;u fd;k x;kA gekjs fu"d"kZ ds vuqlkj izpaM pØokr ‘vkbyk’ vkSj vU; xtZ Hkjs rwQku okys ekulwuh fnuksa ds nkSjku mRrj iwoZ Hkkjr esa cknyksa dh lw{e lajpuk esa dkQh varj fn[kkA pØokrh xfrfof/k ds nkSjku LQSfjDl ds ns[ks x, cnyko dh laHkkfor O;k[;k dks xtZ Hkjs rwQku okys cknyksa dh rfM+r xfrfof/k ds vk/kkj ij le>k;k x;k gSA The present work reports the characteristic variations in VLF atmospherics or sferics at four discrete frequencies recorded at the Department of Physics, Tripura University, during the period from April 2009 to October 2009. Data from 76 active thunder days over North-East India is considered for the present investigation. Results show several types of features in the variation of sferics during the monsoon period. These are termed as gradual fall gradual rise (GFGR), gradual rise sudden fall (GRSF), gradual rise gradual fall (GRGF), gradual fall sudden rise (GFSR), sudden rise gradual fall (SRGF), sudden rise sudden fall (SRSF), sudden fall sudden rise (SFSR), sudden fall gradual rise (SFGR) and spiky. During the Monsoon thunder active days, amongst all the patterns, GRGF occurred in most of the cases in all frequencies (average occurrence rate around 37% in each frequency). During our observational period, a severe tropical cyclonic storm named “AILA” (RSMC Designation BOB02, JTWC Designation 02B) occurred over the Bay of Bengal during 23-26 May 2009. Among several characteristic features during normal Monsoon period, SRSF (average occurrence rate around 86 % in each frequency) dominated the sferics on the 25 May, 2009, when the cyclone struck the coastal areas of the Bay of Bengal. The sferics of that day has been analyzed critically with respect to discrete frequency distribution of rise rate and fall rate of the intensity of the sferics. A comparison is made for all the patterns for the Monsoon days and the AILA cyclone active day. Our findings show substantial difference in the microstructure of clouds producing severe cyclonic storms like AILA and other thunderstorms during Monsoon seasons over North-East India. The possible interpretation of the observed variations in sferics is explained on the basis of the electrical activity that occurs inside a thunder-cloud especially during cyclonic activity.

CONTROLLING THE PARAMETRIC ROLL OF A CONTAINER SHIP MODEL BY CHANGING THE HEADING ANGLE

Parametric roll on ships is an auto-parametric resonance phenomenon whose onset causes a sudden rise in roll oscillations leading to dangerous situations for the ship, the cargo and the crew. In the paper, we have numerically investigated the effect of modifying the heading angle on the roll amplitudes. We followed three strategies. In the first, we allowed the heading angle to decrease with a constant angular acceleration so that the encounter frequency has left the dangerous region of the resonance. However, this option involves changing the course of the ship in the long run, which is of course a shortcoming. In the second strategy, we changed the heading angle up and down around an average value that generates large roll amplitudes, by using different periodic sinusoidal or triangular profiles. The beneficial effect of this action is to keep the course, even if at the cost of a momentary delay. We noticed that both control techniques listed above generally managed to significantly reduce the roll amplitudes if certain thresholds have been exceeded. As a last idea for decreasing the parametric roll amplitudes, we used the combined effect of ship forward speed and heading angle change.

RHINO-ORBITO-CEREBRAL MUCORMYCOSIS (BLACK FUNGUS) IN COVID 19 PATIENTS

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Mucormycosis (Black fungus) is a designated as a rare, rapidly progressive fatal disease of immunocompromised caused by saprophytic fungus of family mucorales. Early diagnosis with prompt medical and surgical treatment is the only tool available. Rhino-orbito-cerebral is the most common subtype. In India we saw a sudden rise in mucormycosis cases during second wave of COVID 19. This necessitated a systematic review of epidemic of mucormycosis in COVID 19. METHODS A Retrospective multi-centric study was conducted at various Government and Private Hospitals of Western UP comprising of 51 cases of Rhino-orbitocerebral mucormycosis with present or recent COVID19 positive status presenting to us during 14th April 2021- 31st May 2021. RESULT Either Type2 Diabetes Mellitus or history of recent use of steroids in high doses was present in all the patients. Contribution of virulence of the Delta strain B1.617.2 is significant. FESS with sino-nasal debridement contributes significantly towards mortality reduction and cost of total treatment by significantly reducing days of Liposomal Amphotericin B therapy. CONCLUSION Early diagnosis with prompt medical and surgical management along with blood sugar control and avoiding use of high dose of steroids remain to key to mortality and morbidity reduction. Keywords: Black fungus, mucor, mucormycosis, rhino-orbito-cerebral, causes, treatment, covid 19, India, sugar, steroids, steam, oxygen, surgery

Chemotherapeutic Evaluation of Ethanol Extract of Chromolaena odorata on Biochemical Aberrations Associated with Experimentally-induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Male Rats

The sudden rise in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) cases, severe side effects, and the high cost of conventional methods have necessitated the intensive search for alternative BPH management strategies. This study investigated the restorative effects of ethanol leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata (EECO) on testosterone-induced BPH in male albino rats. Thirty male albino rats with a weight range of 150-210 g were randomly distributed into six groups of five rats each. Group 1 was normal rats and not induced. Groups 2-6 were induced via daily subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate (3 mg/kg) for 28 days. After induction, group 2 received vehicle (carboxyl methylcellulose), group 3 received finasteride (1 mg/kg), while groups 4-6 received 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of EECO, respectively, for 21 days orally. Prostate and biochemical parameters were determined using standard methods. Treatments with EECO decreased the concentrations of prostate-sensitive antigen, dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, malondialdehyde, cholesterol, low-density cholesterol, and liver enzyme activities compared with BPH-control. Furthermore, there was increased superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities in extract treated groups compared with BPH- control. The findings from this study showed that EECO inhibited testosterone-induced BPH anomalies, making it promising phytotherapy for the management of BPH in males.

Strategic responses to crisis: a review and synthesis of promising research directions

Purpose A strategic response to crisis research is a critical and growing area of study in management and business literature. Consequently, the sudden rise of COVID-19, that has a substantial adverse impact on the global economy in a relatively short period of time, brings into sharp focus on the possible and most effective types of strategic responses adopted by firms. In this context, this study aims to shed light on the types of strategic responses adopted by firms and the possible outcomes. Design/methodology/approach To contribute to the advancement of knowledge around strategic responses in general for business, this study conducted a keyword bibliometric analysis reviewing 66 articles from highly ranked journals according to ABS list of journals published between the period 2006–2020 and synthesize the existing research on strategic responses. Findings This research enabled the identification of the novel typology of strategic responses to the crisis, such as revived stakeholders’ relationships, revived pricing mechanisms and revived organizational compliance, and their outcomes. Additionally, the analysis established many research areas for scholars who will deal with this topic in the future. Originality/value The literature review contributes to the management and business literature by providing a novel and comprehensive classification of crisis responses and synthesizing all new knowledge gained within a new conceptual framework.

Rhino-orbito-Cerebral mucormycosis during COVID 19 pandemic in western Uttar Pradesh India

Mucormycosis (Black fungus) is a designated as a rare, rapidly progressive fatal disease of immunocompromised caused by saprophytic fungus of family mucorales. Early diagnosis with prompt medical and surgical treatment is the only tool available. Rhino-orbito-cerebral is the most common subtype. In India we saw a sudden rise in mucormycosis cases during second wave of COVID 19. This necessitated a systematic review of epidemic of mucormycosis in COVID 19.A Retrospective multi-centric study was conducted comprising of 51 cases of Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis with present or recent COVID19 in Western Uttar Pradesh positive status presenting to us during 14 April 2021- 31 May 2021.Either Type2 Diabetes Mellitus or history of recent use of steroids in high doses was present in all the patients. Contribution of virulence of the Delta strain B1.617.2 is significant. FESS with sino-nasal debridement contributes significantly towards mortality reduction and cost of total treatment by significantly reducing days of Liposomal Amphotericin B therapy.Early diagnosis with prompt medical and surgical management along with blood sugar control and avoiding use of high dose of steroids remain to key to mortality and morbidity reduction.

Design of Smart Medical Mask Trash Can For Public Places

<p class="Abstract"><span lang="EN-US">The Covid-19 pandemic mainly caused the sudden rise of medical mask waste. There are some steps that can be taken to reduce and manage the waste, including dissolving the mask so it cannot be use again, reduce the risk of disease transmission, and assist the workers in managing the waste of medical mask. Therefore, this paper proposes a device that can solve all the problem, which is the “Smart Medical Mask Trash Can”. This device can be used to dissolve and disinfect the mask, as well as manage the mask waste with an easy way in accordance with health protocol. The outcome show that this device can monitor the waste with an application program on a real time that can notify and organize a schedule for automatic disinfection. This tool is suitable to be placed in public places because of its high mobility and there is a lot of medical mask's waste. <em></em></span></p>

Lab-to-Field Transition of RNA Spray Applications – How Far Are We?

The drastic loss of biodiversity has alarmed the public and raised sociopolitical demand for chemical pesticide-free plant production, which is now treated by governments worldwide as a top priority. Given this global challenge, RNAi-based technologies are rapidly evolving as a promising substitute to conventional chemical pesticides. Primarily, genetically modified (GM) crops expressing double-stranded (ds)RNA-mediating gene silencing of foreign transcripts have been developed. However, since the cultivation of GM RNAi crops is viewed negatively in numerous countries, GM-free exogenous RNA spray applications attract tremendous scientific and political interest. The sudden rise in demand for pesticide alternatives has boosted research on sprayable RNA biopesticides, generating significant technological developments and advancing the potential for field applications in the near future. Here we review the latest advances that could pave the way for a quick lab-to-field transition for RNA sprays, which, as safe, selective, broadly applicable, and cost-effective biopesticides, represent an innovation in sustainable crop production. Given these latest advances, we further discuss technological limitations, knowledge gaps in the research, safety concerns and regulatory requirements that need to be considered and addressed before RNA sprays can become a reliable and realistic agricultural approach.

A Case Report of a Patient on Therapeutic Warfarin Who Died of COVID-19 Infection with a Sudden Rise in D-Dimer

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has disrupted social and economic life globally. The global pandemic COVID-19 caused by this novel SARS-CoV-2 shows variable clinical manifestations, complicated further by cytokine storm, co-infections, and coagulopathy, leading to severe cases and death. Thrombotic complications arise due to complex and unique interplay between coronaviruses and host cells, inflammatory response, and the coagulation system. Heparin and derivatives are World Health Organization (WHO) recommended anticoagulants for moderate and severe Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19), that can also inhibit viral adhesion to the cell membrane by interfering with heparan sulfate-dependent binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Heparin also possesses anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiviral, and anti-complement activity, which offers a benefit in limiting viral and microbial infectivity and anticoagulation from the immune-thrombosis system. Here we present a case study of the pathophysiology of unexpected COVID-19 coagulopathy of an obese African American patient. While being on therapeutic warfarin since admission, he had a dismal outcome due to cardio-pulmonary arrest after the sudden rise in D-dimer value from 1.1 to >20. This indicates that for such patients on chronic warfarin anticoagulation with “moderate COVID 19 syndromes”, warfarin anticoagulation may not be suitable compared to heparin and its derivatives. Further research should be done to understand the beneficial role of heparin and its derivatives compared to warfarin for COVID-19 inflicted patients.