Effect of Bentonite on Fibrinolytic System in Serum

1963 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 120-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S Olesen
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Fibrinolytic System ◽  
Fibrinolytic Agents ◽  
Isoelectric Precipitation ◽  
Active Protease ◽  
Pig Serum

SummaryTreatment of serum with bentonite led to a reduced content of inhibitors of trypsin and urokinase in the isoelectrically precipitated euglobulin, and removed fibrinolytic agents and precursors from serum. Bentonite-treated serum added to untreated serum reduced precipitation of the above inhibitors, and presumably also precipitation of inhibitors against a plasminogen activator of serum.Bentonite-treated serum (whether from pig, ox, guinea-pig, or man), added to untreated guinea-pig serum, produced fibrinolytic activity on isoelectric precipitation of the mixture; the activity of the euglobulin was due to an activator of plasminogen as well as an active protease, probably plasmin. The described effects of bentonite-treated serum are similar to those previously reported for anionic polyelectrolytes. Possible mechanisms are discussed.The “non-specific” activation of fibrinolytic activity by means of bentonite emphasizes that guinea-pig serum [which is characterized by a high potential for “nonspecific” activation of its fibrinolytic system Olesen (1962)] contains all the elements required for the formation of an activator of plasminogen, and thus the activation of its plasminogen to plasmin.

Effect of Lecithin on the Fibrinolytic System in Guinea-Pig Serum

1962 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 311-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S Olesen
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Fibrinolytic System ◽  
Physiological Significance ◽  
Isoelectric Precipitation ◽  
Pig Serum

SummaryLecithin preparations from egg yolk or from soya beans added to guinea-pig serum which is subjected to isoelectric precipitation produce fibrinolytic activity in the precipitates in a manner similar to that previously reported for anionic polyelectrolytes. The possible physiological significance of this observation is discussed.

Fibrinolytic system of guinea pig serum

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Latallo ◽  
Stefan Niewiarowski ◽  
Alfred L. Copley
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Fibrinolytic System ◽  
Proteolytic Activities ◽  
Human Plasminogen ◽  
No Activation ◽  
Pig Serum

Comparative studies on 10 mammals showed that, in contrast to all the others, guinea pig serum alone, on precipitation with acetic acid, pH 5.3–5.4 at 4°C, yielded a euglobulin with high spontaneous fibrinolytic activity. Fibrinolytic and proteolytic activities of guinea pig, bovine and human euglobulins after addition of streptokinase (SK), SK-human plasminogen mixture, and without any activators were compared; antiplasmin activity was also investigated. When guinea pig serum was substituted for human serum in a mixture of the latter with SK, there was no activation of bovine plasminogen. A plasmin-antiplasmin complex may be the chief component of the guinea pig serum fibrinolytic system.

Activation of Fibrinolysis in Guinea-Pig Serum by Bile Acids

1960 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 473-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S Olesen
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Fibrinolytic System ◽  
Biliary System ◽  
Simple Addition ◽  
Inhibitory Components ◽  
Pig Serum

SummaryVarious bile acids produced fibrinolytic activity in guinea-pig serum under similar conditions as previously established for various anionic polyelectrolytes [Olesen (1959 b,c)].“Tauroglycocholate“ furthermore produced fibrinolytic activity by simple addition to guinea-pig serum.These reactions probably depend on polyanion interactions with active and/or inhibitory components of the fibrinolytic system.The observations suggest that bile acids could be involved in producing fibrinolytic activity in the biliary system.

Separation of a Plasminogen Activator from Plasminogen or Plasmin in Guinea-Pig Serum by Means of Cationic Agents

1961 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 097-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S Olesen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Pyridinium Chloride ◽  
Protamine Sulphate ◽  
Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride ◽  
Cetyl Pyridinium ◽  
Pig Serum

SummaryThe fibrinolytic activity of the precipitates produced in guinea-pig serum by means of the cationic detergent cetyl pyridinium chloride (germidin®) or by protamine sulphate depends on pH and on the concentration of NaCl during precipitation.By selecting appropriate conditions it is possible to prepare precipitates with considerable fibrinolytic activity on normal fibrin, but without any demonstrable protease activity on heated fibrin. The experimental data indicate that this result is caused by separation of an activator of plasminogen from plasmin and/or plasminogen. This concept implies that the activator and the protease are separate entities.

Comparative Studies of the Fibrinolytic System of Sera of Various Vertebrates

1959 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 404-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Niewiarowski ◽  
Zbigniew Latallo
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Fibrinolytic System ◽  
Lower Vertebrates ◽  
Pig Serum

Summary1. Comparative studies have been performed on the fibrinolytic system of sera of 18 vertebrates: man, monkey, dog, cat, ox, horse, ram, pig, rabbit, mouse, rat, hamster, guinea-pig, hen, duck, turkey, frog, fish.2. Spontaneously active plasmin in a considerable amount has been found only in guinea-pig euglobulin.3. The euglobulins from human, monkey, cat and dog sera can be activated by SK and by SKHP mixture.4. The euglobulin from hamster, rat, mouse, rabbit, bovine, horse, pig and ram sera can be activated by SKHP but not by SK.5. The euglobulins of lower vertebrates species cannot be activated by neither SK nor SKHP to any considerable value.6. The activation of fibrinolytic system runs parallel with the activation of proteolysis in human, bovine and guinea-pig euglobulin.7. The proactivator activity has been found in the species of human, monkey, dog and cat.8. Streptokinase activated human plasmin (SKHP) has been inhibited by most of the examined animals sera except of the human, monkey, dog and cat sera.9. It has been found that in the course of purification bovine plasminogen acquires the ability to be activated by SK. An inhibitor of activation occuring in bovine serum and euglobulin is probably removed by purification of plasminogen.10. The activation of plasmin in guinea-pig serum has been studied, it was found that spontaneous fibrinolytic activity generates slowly in guinea-pig euglobulin and reaches a maximum after 24 hours. Guinea-pig serum and shortly precipitated euglobulin could be activated by SKHP mixture only.11. Several possible explanations of the different behaviour of fibrinolytic systems in various animals have been discussed.

On the Fibrinolytic System in Aged Rats, and Its Reactivity to Endotoxin and Cytokines

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (06) ◽  
pp. 697-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
J J Emeis ◽  
A Brouwer ◽  
R J Barelds ◽  
M A Horan ◽  
S K Durham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Fibrinolytic System ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Tissue Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Type Plasminogen Activator

SummaryAged rats are more susceptible to endotoxin-induced effects, including microthrombosis and platelet aggregation, than are young rats. To investigate whether changes in the fibrinolytic system might be involved, we investigated the fibrinolytic activity in plasma euglobulin fractions and tissues (lung and heart) of young (6-months old) and aged (24-months old) rats under baseline conditions and after challenge with endotoxin. Aged rats had lower plasma levels of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and of urokinase-type PA (u-PA) activity. PA inhibitor (PAI) activity was higher in the plasma of aged rats, as was t-PA activity in lung and heart.Rats were treated with either a low dose (1 μg/kg) or a high dose (10 mg/kg) of endotoxin. Both treatments induced a transient phase of increased blood fibrinolytic activity, as evidenced by higher levels of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity and decreased levels of PA inhibitor (PAI) activity. Over time, the fibrinolytic activity decreased, probably due to increased levels of PA inhibitor.Both the early increase in t-PA activity, and the subsequent increase in PAI activity, were more pronounced in the aged rats, as compared with the younger rats, after the high dose of endotoxin. The aged rats also responded to an injection of interleukin-1β or tumor necrosis factor-α with a larger increase of PAI activity than did the younger rats.Together the data suggest that, compared to young rats, aged rats have a decreased base-line plasma fibrinolytic activity, while their fibrinolytic system is more responsive to challenge by endotoxin and cytokines.

Interaction of a Plasmin A-Chain/t-PA B-Chain Hybrid Enzyme with Plasma Inhibitors In Vivo and In Vitro

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (03) ◽  
pp. 459-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Wilson ◽  
P Chamberlain ◽  
I Dodd ◽  
A Esmail ◽  
J H Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanisms ◽  
A Chain

SummaryA hybrid plasminogen activator consisting of the “A” chain of plasmin linked to the “B” chain of rt-PA was inhibited in vitro in human and guinea pig plasmas 4 to 5-fold more rapidly than its parent activator, two-chain t-PA. Using zymographic and autoradiographic techniques together with the use of immunodepleted plasma the major inhibitor was identified as aIpha-2-antiplasmin. The pharmacokinetic profile of the hybrid in guinea pigs was determined by two different methods: disappearance of fibrinolytic activity and removal of radiolabelled hybrid from the circulation. Fibrinolytic activity was cleared rapidly via inhibitory mechanisms, whilst radiolabelled material was cleared considerably more slowly due to the formation of hybrid-inhibitor complexes. When the active site of the hybrid was reversibly acylated inhibitory mechanisms were evaded and a prolonged pharmacokinetic profile of activity was observed.

Fibrinolytic Activity in Rat Anaphylaxis

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (02/03) ◽  
pp. 341-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Fésüs ◽  
Éva Ölveti ◽  
Béla Csaba ◽  
László Muszbek
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Anaphylactic Shock ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Fibrinolytic System ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration

SummaryThe activity of fibrinolytic system measured by different methods and the concentration of plasma fibrinogen were determined in rats suffering mild or severe active anaphylactic shock.In severe anaphylactic shock of Bordetella Pertussis Vaccine pretreated animals, the plasminogen activator content was markedly enhanced and the fibrinolytic activity significantly increased; however, the total inhibitor capacity did not change. The fall in fibrinogen concentration was only moderate. Similar but minor enhancement of fibrinolysis could be observed in mild anaphylaxis.The results suggest that the activated plasminogen-plasmin system may contribute to the development of severe anaphylactic outcome in the rat. The possible pathogenic mode is discussed.

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