Pancreatin-Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride Digestion and Decontamination Method; A Novel, Sensitive, Cost-Effective Method for Culturing Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The present study evaluated the performance of newly developed pancreatin-cetylpyridinium chloride (pancreatin-CPC) digestion and decontamination method (DDM) with N-acetyl L-Cysteine-sodium hydroxide (NALC-NaOH) DDM for isolation of Mycobacteria from clinically suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients. For the study, sputum samples (n = 613) obtained from clinically suspected PTB cases were subjected to direct microscopy, pretreatment with NALC-NaOH DDM (reference method), and pancreatin-CPC DDM followed by culture, and the data were analyzed. The direct microscopy illustrated diagnostic accuracies of 60.4% (sensitivity), 99.77% (specificity), 98.9% (positive predictive value) and 88.3% (negative predictive value), respectively (against culture) for the detection of Mycobacterial species. The pancreatin-CPC DDM showed competitive diagnostic accuracies (against NALC-NaOH DDM) of 99.32% (sensitivity), 94.07% (specificity), 85.05% (positive predictive value), and 99.76% (negative predictive value), respectively, for the isolation of Mycobacterial species. In conclusion, pancreatin-CPC DMM was a highly sensitive, technically simple, and cost-effective method, suggesting its competence to substitute the currently used NALC-NaOH DDM.

Inhibition of Candida albicans and Mixed Salivary Bacterial Biofilms on Antimicrobial Loaded Phosphated Poly(methyl methacrylate)

Biofilms play a crucial role in the development of Candida-associated denture stomatitis. Inhibition of microbial adhesion to PMMA and phosphate containing PMMA has been examined in this work. C. albicans and mixed salivary microbial biofilms were compared on naked and salivary pre-conditioned PMMA surfaces in the presence or absence of antimicrobials (cetyl pyridinium chloride [CPC], KSL-W, histatin 5 [his 5]). Polymers with varying amounts of phosphate (0-25%) were tested using four C. albicans oral isolates as well as mixed salivary bacteria and 24 h biofilms were assessed for metabolic activity and confirmed using Live/Dead staining and confocal microscopy. Biofilm metabolism was reduced as phosphate density increased (15%: P=0.004; 25%: P=0.001). Loading of CPC on 15% phosphated disks showed a substantial decrease (P=0.001) in biofilm metabolism in the presence or absence of a salivary pellicle. Salivary pellicle on uncharged PMMA enhanced the antimicrobial activity of CPC only. CPC also demonstrated remarkable antimicrobial activity on mixed salivary bacterial biofilms under different conditions displaying the potent efficacy of CPC (350 µg/ml) when combined with an artificial protein pellicle (Biotene half strength).

“Medication Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ): Dental Atraumatic Treatment: Antiseptic Mouthwashes”.

The American Surgery of Bone Mineral Research (ASBMR) in 2007 defined MRONJ as “necrotic bone area exposed to the oral environment with more than eight weeks of permanence, in the presence of chronic treatment with Bisphosphonates (BP), in the absence of radiation therapy to the head and neck”. Historically, the first drugs associated with the condition were BP, which led to coining of the term MRONJ. However, scientist need to include other drugs in the etiopathogenesis of osteonecrosis, such as other antiresorptive: Denosumab (DS) and antiangiogenic agents. MRONJ treatment is controversial nowadays and depend on Stages of the illness. Some authors recommend high toilettes and resection bone so other, prefer atraumatic therapies focused in antiseptic agents and interdisciplinary (dentist-physician) control. The most common antiseptic agents used are Povidone Iodine, Rifamycin, Cetyl pyridinium chlorid and Chlorhexidine. Alcohol preparations have the fastest onset of action, followed by chlorhexidine and then povidone iodine. However, residual antimicrobial activity is greatest with chlorhexidine. Formulations that contain both chlorhexidine and alcohol combine the rapid onset of alcohol with the persisting effects of chlorhexidine.

Adsorption thermodynamics and isosteric heat of adsorption of Thymol onto sodic, pillared and organic bentonite

We studied the temperature effects on thymol adsorption on sodium and modified clays from Nador, Morocco. The clay samples used for these analyses were purified and modified by sodium, Al13 and Cetyl Pyridinium chloride before they were used as an adsorbent for the adsorption of thymol from aqueous solution in batch adsorption procedure. The adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of temperature. The adsorption was found to be strongly dependent on the temperature. The Freundlich isotherm model showed an excellent fit to the equilibrium adsorption data. This equation indicates that the logarithm of KF is a linear function of temperature, and it decreases with temperature. The mean free energy (E) estimated from the Rankine (Calendar) modified model indicated that there is a significant relationship between adsorbed quantity and temperature and the primary mechanism governing the sorption process was a physisorption mechanism. The Arrhenius and Eyring equations were used to obtain the activation parameters such as activation energy (Ea), and enthalpy (ΔH°), entropy (ΔS°) and free energy (ΔG°) of activation for the adsorption system. Thermodynamic studies suggested the spontaneous and endothermic nature of adsorption of thymol green by sodium and purified bentonite. The isosteric heat of adsorption (ΔHX) was also determined from the equilibrium information using the Clausius–Clapeyron equation. ΔHX increased with increase in surface loading, indicating some lateral interactions between the adsorbed molecules.