The Effects of Acute Smoking on Platelet Behaviour, Fibrinolysis and Haemorheology in Habitual Smokers

SummaryThere is an increased frequency of arterial thrombosis in cigarette smokers. The changes in blood coagulation seen in these subjects have been studied by many workers but results have not always been in agreement. We wished to study the effects of acute .smoking on platelet behaviour, fibrinolysis and haemorheology in ten habitual smokers, and to compare these results with nonsmoking controls. Results show that the smoking group had higher plasma fibrinogen (p <0.04), lower plasminogen (p <0.02) and plasminogen activator (p <0.05), and higher plasma viscosity (p <0.003). The changes seen in cigarette smokers after smoking three cigarettes were an increase in the rate of platelet aggregation to ADP (p <0.02), an increase in α2M, (p <0.02), and factor VIII RAG (p <0.05). Plasma viscosity was decreased (p <0.02) as was red cell deformability (p >0.02).We confirm an increased tendency to hypercoagulability in smokers compared to controls which becomes more pronounced immediately after smoking three cigarettes.

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Effects of simulated microgravity (HDT) on blood fluidity

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1992.73.4.1366 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 73 (4) ◽

pp. 1366-1369 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

L. Lampe ◽

K. Wienhold ◽

G. Meyer ◽

F. Baisch ◽

H. Maass ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Proteins ◽

Cell Aggregation ◽

Plasma Viscosity ◽

Immunoglobulin M ◽

Red Cell ◽

Cell Deformability ◽

Red Cell Deformability ◽

Red Cell Membrane ◽

Physical Stimulation ◽

Blood Fluidity

Exposures to microgravity and head-down tilt (HDT) produce similar changes in body fluid. This causes an increase in hematocrit that significantly affects hemorheological values. Lack of physical stimulation under bed rest conditions and the relative immobility of the crew during spaceflight also affects the blood fluidity. A group of six healthy male subjects participated as volunteers, and blood samples were collected 10 days before, on day 2 and day 9, and 2 days after the HDT phase. Blood rheology was quantified by plasma viscometry, red cell aggregability, and red cell deformability. A reduced red cell deformability, an indication of the diminished quality of the red blood cells, was measured under HDT conditions that finally led to the so-called “space flight anemia.” Enhanced red cell membrane fragility induced by diminished physical activity and an increase in hemoglobin concentration are responsible for this effect. Plasma viscosity is reduced as a result of diminished plasma proteins. However, despite the reduction in plasma proteins, including fibrinogen, alpha 2-macroglobulin, and immunoglobulin M, red cell aggregation was enhanced, principally because of the increase in hematocrit. Our results of hemorheological alterations under HDT conditions may help to elucidate the formerly documented hematologic changes during spaceflight.

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Estimate of red-cell deformability and plasma viscosity based on flow curve

AIChE Journal ◽

10.1002/aic.690470123 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 230-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. Ookawara ◽

A. Yano ◽

K. Ogawa ◽

K. Taniguchi

Keyword(s):

Flow Curve ◽

Plasma Viscosity ◽

Red Cell ◽

Cell Deformability ◽

Red Cell Deformability

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Abnormal Blood Rheology in Young Male Diabetics with and without Retinopathy

10.1055/s-0039-1684520 ◽

1979 ◽

Author(s):

G.D.O. Lowe ◽

M.M. Drummond ◽

J.J.F. Belch ◽

J.M. Lowe ◽

A.C. MacCuish ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Viscosity ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Vascular Complications ◽

Young Male ◽

Blood Rheology ◽

Plasma Viscosity ◽

Red Cell ◽

Cell Deformability ◽

Rotational Viscometer ◽

Red Cell Deformability

We compared red cell deformability (filtration rate through 5 μ sieves), blood viscosity (rotational viscometer), haematocrit, plasma fibrinogen and plasma viscosity in young male diabetics (age <50 years) and normal controls matched for age and smoking habit. diabetics with no retinopathy or other vascular complications (n = 20) had normal red cell deformability, but increased blood viscosity at shear rates of 100s-1 (p<0.05) and is-1 (p<0. 01), due in part to moderate elevations of haematocrit, fibrinogen and plasma viscosity. Diabetics with retinopathy (n = 10) had a more marked increase in viscosity and also reduced red cell deformability (p<0.05). Increased blood viscosity is present prior to the onset of detectable vascular complications in male diabetics, while reduced red cell deformability is associated with complications.

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Effect of dipyridamole alone and in combination with aspirin on whole blood platelet aggregation, PGI2 generation, and red cell deformability ex vivo in man

Cardiovascular Research ◽

10.1093/cvr/25.3.177 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 177-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

A. R Saniabadi ◽

T. C Fisher ◽

M. McLaren ◽

J. F Belch ◽

C. D Forbes

Keyword(s):

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Blood Platelet ◽

Red Cell ◽

Cell Deformability ◽

Red Cell Deformability ◽

Blood Platelet Aggregation

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Abnormal Blood Rheology in Young Male Diabetics With and Without Retinopathy

10.1055/s-0038-1665792 ◽

1979 ◽

Author(s):

G Lowe ◽

M Drummond ◽

J Belch ◽

J Lowe ◽

A MacCuish ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Viscosity ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Vascular Complications ◽

Young Male ◽

Blood Rheology ◽

Plasma Viscosity ◽

Red Cell ◽

Cell Deformability ◽

Rotational Viscometer ◽

Red Cell Deformability

We compared red cell deformability (filtration rate through 5 µ sieves), blood viscosity (rotational viscometer), haematocrit, plasma fibrinogen and plasma viscosity in young male diabetics (age ˂50 years) and normal controls matched for age and smoking habit. Diabetics with no retinopathy or other vascular complications (n = 20) had normal red cell deformability, but increased blood viscosity at shear rates of 100s-1(p ˂0. 05) and 1s-1(p ˂0. 01), due in part to moderate elevations of haematocrit, fibrinogen and plasma viscosity. Diabetics with retinopathy (n = 10) had a more marked increase in viscosity and also reduced red cell deformability (p ˂0. 05). Increased blood viscosity is present prior to the onset of detectable vascular complications in male diabetics, while reduced red cell deformability is associated with complications.

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Viscidation of Blood during Short Term Bed Rest – Its Possible Importance in the Etiology of Deep Vein Thrombosis

Phlebology The Journal of Venous Disease ◽

10.1177/026835558900400106 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 31-35

Author(s):

E. Ernst ◽

T. Saradeth ◽

I. Magyarosy ◽

A. Matrai

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Blood Viscosity ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Bed Rest ◽

Cell Aggregation ◽

Plasma Viscosity ◽

Red Cell ◽

Cell Deformability ◽

Red Cell Deformability ◽

Red Cell Aggregation

Twelve male volunteers were submitted to strict bed rest. Before, 36 hours, and 84 hours after the start of immobilisation venous blood was drawn. Blood viscosity, haematocrit, plasma viscosity, red cell aggregation, red cell deformability, blood pressure, heart rate and body weight were determined. Results show marked haemoconcentration with significant elevations of blood viscosity, haematocrit, plasma viscosity and red cell aggregation during bed rest. Body weight declines by more than 1 kg. It is suggested that haemoconcentration reduces the fluidity of blood, which in turn decreases flow, thereby predisposing to venous thrombosis in clinical situations with bed rest

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Red Cell Deformability, Platelet Aggregation, and Insulin Action

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/diab.32.2.s88 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 32 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 88-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

P. Vague ◽

I. Juhan

Keyword(s):

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Insulin Action ◽

Red Cell ◽

Cell Deformability ◽

Red Cell Deformability

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An Assessment of Red Cell Deformability Using a Simple Filtration Method

10.1055/s-0038-1665788 ◽

1979 ◽

Author(s):

M Drummond ◽

G Lowe ◽

J Belch ◽

C Forbes ◽

J Barbenel

Keyword(s):

Cell Count ◽

Shear Viscosity ◽

White Cell Count ◽

White Cell ◽

Red Cell ◽

Cell Deformability ◽

Red Cell Deformability ◽

Simple Method ◽

Filtration Method ◽

Significant Difference

We investigated the reproducibility and validity of a simple method of measuring red cell deformability (filtration of whole blood through 5 µ sieves) and its relationship to haematocrit, blood viscosity, fibrinogen, white cell count, sex and smoking. The mean coefficient of variation in normals was 3. 7%. Tanned red cells showed marked loss of deformability. Blood filtration rate correlated with haematocrit (r = 0. 99 on dilution of samples, r = 0. 7 in 120 normals and patients). After correction for haematocrit, deformability correlated with high shear viscosity, but not low shear viscosity, fibrinogen or white cell count. In 60 normals there was no significant difference between males and females, or smokers and non-smokers, but in 11 smokers there was an acute fall in deformability after smoking 3 cigarettes (p<0. 05). Reduced deformability was found in acute myocardial infarction (n = 15, p<0. 01) and chronic peripheral arterial disease (n = 15, p<0. 01). The technique is reproducible, detects rigid cells and appears useful in the study of vascular disease.

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