scholarly journals Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides to Synthesize Functionalized Poly(α-Hydroxy Acids)

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 041-050
Author(s):  
Xiaoqian Wang ◽  
Ai Lin Chin ◽  
Rong Tong
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Engineering ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Metal Catalyst ◽  
Hydroxy Acids ◽  
Controlled Polymerization ◽  
Biodegradable Polyesters ◽  
Recent Advances

Poly(α-hydroxy acids), as a family of biodegradable polyesters, are valuable materials due to their broad applications in packaging, agriculture, and biomedical engineering. Herein we highlight and explore recent advances of catalysts in controlled ring-opening polymerization of O-carboxyanhydrides towards functionalized poly(α-hydroxy acids), especially metal catalyst-mediated controlled polymerization. Limitations of current polymerization strategies of O-carboxyanhydrides are discussed.

Recent Advances in Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides

Synlett ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (15) ◽  
pp. 1857-1866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linghai Xie ◽  
Rong Tong ◽  
Quanyou Feng ◽  
Yongliang Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Heterocyclic Carbenes ◽  
Organometallic Complexes ◽  
Hydroxy Acids ◽  
Organometallic Catalysts ◽  
Pyridine Base ◽  
Recent Advances

Poly(α-hydroxy acids) are important biodegradable polymers with wide applications. Recently O-carboxyanhydrides (OCAs) have emerged as promising monomer equivalents of lactides to synthesize poly(α-hydroxy acids). We will highlight recent advances in controlled ring-opening polymerization of OCAs catalyzed by organocatalysts, enzymes, or organometallic complexes.1 Introduction2 Organocatalysts for O-Carboxyanhydride Polymerization2.1 Synthesis of O-Carboxyanhydride Monomers2.2 Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Catalyzed by 4-Dimethylaminopyridine2.3 Epimerization in the Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Catalyzed by the Pyridine Base2.4 N-Heterocyclic Carbenes for Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides3 Enzymes for O-Carboxyanhydride Polymerization4 Organometallic Catalysts for O-Carboxyanhydride Polymerization4.1 Early Efforts4.2 Ring-Opening Polymerization Catalyzed by Zn Complexes4.3 Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization Catalyzed by Zn/Ni Complexes5 Conclusion and Perspective

Biodegradable Polymers Derived from Amino Acids for Biological Applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Cohen-Arazi ◽  
Ilanit Hagag ◽  
Michal Kolitz ◽  
Abraham J. Domb ◽  
Jeoshua Katzhendler
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
Hydroxy Acids ◽  
Natural Amino Acids ◽  
Direct Condensation ◽  
Positively Charged

Optically active α-hydroxy acids derived from amino acids have been synthesized and polymerized into new biodegradable polyesters. The variety of functional side chains enables the design of positively charged, negatively charged, hydrophobic and hydrophilic chiral building blocks or any combination of these constituents. Hydroxy acids of 15 natural amino acids were prepared with retention of configuration using a straightforward and reliable method of diazotization of α-amino acids. Polyesters were synthesized from these hydroxy acids by a number of methods: direct condensation in bulk, microwave assisted synthesis and ring opening polymerization. The molecular weight of the prepared polymers ranges between 2000 to 5000Da for the direct condensation and the microwave methods, whereas the ring opening polymerization results in high molecular weight polymers (20000 to 30000Da). The polymers were analyzed for their optical activity (Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy), thermal properties (DSC), solubility, molecular weight and polydispersity (GPC), and aqueous degradation. These polymers were tested for their compatibility to neuronal cells growth and differentiation.

Controlling polymer stereochemistry in ring-opening polymerization: a decade of advances shaping the future of biodegradable polyesters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu J.-L. Tschan ◽  
Régis M. Gauvin ◽  
Christophe M. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Biodegradable Polymer ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Polymer Synthesis ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Cyclic Esters ◽  
Biodegradable Polyesters ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recent Developments

In this review, we describe recent developments in biodegradable polymer synthesis with a focus on the use of discrete complexes and organocatalysts as active initiators for the stereocontrolled ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters.

Biological applications of water-soluble polypeptides with ordered secondary structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (31) ◽  
pp. 6530-6547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenglong Ge ◽  
Huan Ye ◽  
Fan Wu ◽  
Junliang Zhu ◽  
Ziyuan Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ring Opening ◽  
Secondary Structures ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Recent Advances

Herein, recent advances in the synthesis of the water-soluble polypeptides with ordered secondary structures via ring-opening polymerization of NCA/NTA and their biological applications are described.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Biodegradable Polymers: A Review on the Use of Schiff-Base Metal Complexes as Catalysts for the Ring Opening Polymerization (ROP) of Cyclic Esters

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando Santoro ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Carl Redshaw
Keyword(s):  
Schiff Base ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Cyclic Esters ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Schiff Base Metal Complexes

This review describes the recent advances (from 2008 onwards) in the use of Schiff-base metal complexes as catalysts for the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic esters. The synthesis and structure of the metal complexes, as well as all aspects concerning the polymerization process and the characteristics of the polymers formed, will be discussed.

Recent Advances in Free-Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (5-7) ◽  
pp. 781-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Bailey ◽  
Jason L. Chou ◽  
Pin-Zhen Feng ◽  
Bahram Issari ◽  
Vijaya Kuruganti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Radical Ring ◽  
Recent Advances

scholarly journals Recent Developments in Ring-Opening Copolymerization of Epoxides With CO2 and Cyclic Anhydrides for Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Liang ◽  
Fei Tan ◽  
Yunqing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Ring Opening ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Organometallic Complexes ◽  
Controlled Polymerization ◽  
Catalyst Development ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Narrow Scope ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recent Developments

The biomedical applications of polyesters and polycarbonates are of interest due to their potential biocompatibility and biodegradability. Confined by the narrow scope of monomers and the lack of controlled polymerization routes, the biomedical-related applications of polyesters and polycarbonates remain challenging. To address this challenge, ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) has been exploited to prepare new alternating polyesters and polycarbonates, which would be hard to synthesize using other controlled polymerization methods. This review highlights recent advances in catalyst development, including the emerging dinuclear organometallic complexes and metal-free Lewis pair systems. The post-polymerization modification methods involved in tailoring the biomedical functions of resultant polyesters and polycarbonates are summarized. Pioneering attempts for the biomedical applications of ROCOP polyesters and polycarbonates are presented, and the future opportunities and challenges are also highlighted.

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