Kinematic analysis of the effect of neuroleptics on facial expressions and hand writing in schizophrenic patients

SummaryBackground: Recognizing facial expressions is an important social skill. In some psychological disorders such as schizophrenia, loss of this skill may complicate the patient’s daily life. Prior research has shown that information technology may help to develop facial expression recognition skills through educational software and games.Objectives: To examine if a computer game designed for teaching facial expressions would improve facial expression recognition skills of patients with schizophrenia.Methods: We developed a website composed of eight serious games. Thirty-two patients were given a pre-test composed of 21 facial expression photographs. Eighteen patients were in the study group while 14 were in the control group. Patients in the study group were asked to play the games on the website. After a period of one month, we performed a post-test for all patients.Results: The median score of the correct answers was 17.5 in the control group whereas it was 16. 5 in the study group (of 21) in pretest. The median post-test score was 18 in the control group (p=0.052) whereas it was 20 in the study group (p<0.001).Conclusions: Computer games may be used for the purpose of educating people who have difficulty in recognizing facial expressions.Citation: Gülkesen KH, Isleyen F, Cinemre B, Samur MK, Sen Kaya S, Zayim N. A web-based game for teaching facial expressions to schizophrenic patients. Appl Clin Inform 2017; 8: 719–730 https://doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2016-10-RA-0172

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Recognition of facial expressions of emotions in schizophrenia

Polish Psychological Bulletin ◽

10.2478/ppb-2013-0026 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 232-238

Author(s):

Władysław Łosiak ◽

Joanna Siedlecka

Keyword(s):

Social Functioning ◽

Facial Expressions ◽

Negative Emotions ◽

Affective Reactions ◽

Recognition Of Facial Expressions ◽

Facial Expressions Of Emotion ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

And Gender

Abstract Deficits in recognition of facial expressions of emotions are considered to be an important factor explaining impairments in social functioning and affective reactions of schizophrenic patients. Many studies confirmed such deficits while controversies remained concerning the emotion valence and modality. The aim of the study was to explore the process of recognizing facial expressions of emotion in the group of schizophrenic patients by analyzing the role of emotion valence, modality and gender of the model. Results of the group of 35 patients and 35 matched controls indicate that while schizophrenic patients show general impairment in recognizing facial expressions of both positive and the majority of negative emotions, there are differences in deficits for particular emotions. Expressions also appeared to be more ambiguous for the patients while variables connected with gender were found less significant.

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Kinematic Approximations in TED and RHEED Analysis of Reconstructed Surfaces

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100135587 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 396-397

Author(s):

L. -M. Peng ◽

M. J. Whelan

Keyword(s):

Electron Diffraction ◽

Kinematic Analysis ◽

Incident Beam ◽

High Energy ◽

Energy Electron ◽

Great Success ◽

High Energy Electron ◽

Kinematic Approximation ◽

Reconstructed Surfaces

In recent years there has been a trend in the structure determination of reconstructed surfaces to use high energy electron diffraction techniques, and to employ a kinematic approximation in analyzing the intensities of surface superlattice reflections. Experimentally this is motivated by the great success of the determination of the dimer adatom stacking fault (DAS) structure of the Si(111) 7 × 7 reconstructed surface.While in the case of transmission electron diffraction (TED) the validity of the kinematic approximation has been examined by using multislice calculations for Si and certain incident beam directions, far less has been done in the reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) case. In this paper we aim to provide a thorough Bloch wave analysis of the various diffraction processes involved, and to set criteria on the validity for the kinematic analysis of the intensities of the surface superlattice reflections.The validity of the kinematic analysis, being common to both the TED and RHEED case, relies primarily on two underlying observations, namely (l)the surface superlattice scattering in the selvedge is kinematically dominating, and (2)the superlattice diffracted beams are uncoupled from the fundamental diffracted beams within the bulk.

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