Difficulties in the echographic diagnosis approach of infiltrative bladder tumors

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the endoscopic versus percutaneous approach (blind) to control the obturator jerk in patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumors under spinal anesthesia. Materials and methods: A prospective observational study was performed in Department of Urology, Chittagong Medical College, Chittagong and some Private Hospitals (Ltd.) in Chittagong city during the period from January 2016 to June 2016. Total 100 patients were grouped into two, on alternate basis. Fifty(50) patients in group- A conducted with endoscopic infiltration with 20ml of injection 2% lignocaine at the bladder tumor base and another 50 patients in group-B, conducted with blind percutaneous technique with same drug and volume ( 20ml inj.2% lignocaine) to control obturator jerk. Severity of obturator jerk in both procedure, percentage of complete resection, ONB procedure related time, ONB procedure related complications and surgeon’s satisfaction level were recorded and compared between two approaches. Chi-square analysis was performed to compare the ease of approach and outcome of the two techniques. A value of P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the patients were 59.44+7.681. In group-A, 50 patients were given inj. 2% lignocaine endoscopically at the bladder tumor base to control obturator jerk. Twenty five patients (50%) had no jerk, 20 patients(40%) developed mild jerk and 5 patients (10%) developed moderate jerk and no patients developed severe jerk. Second attempt was taken in moderate jerk patients (5 patients) and succeeded in 3(6%) patients. So, in this group, complete resection of bladder tumor was possible in 96%. In group B, complete resection of bladder tumor was possible in 84%. Statistical analysis was done and result is significant in case of endoscopic procedure to control obturator jerk(p<0.05). ONB Procedure related time was <20 mins. in 32(64%) patients in group-A and 45 (90%) patients in group- B. 20 mins. or more time was required for 18 (36%) patients in group-A and 5 (10%) patients in group-B. Statistical analysis was done and result is significant in percutaneous (blind) technique (p<0.05). ONB procedure related complications in group-A and Group –B were noted. Statistical analysis was done and result is insignificant (p>0.05). Surgeons satisfaction level were recorded on the basis of obturator jerk block and complete resection and which was statistically significant in favour of endoscopy group (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that endoscopic injection of 2% lignocaine into the bladder tumor base is better in case of jerk elimination and complete resection than blind percutaneous approach. Though, ONB procedure related time was significantly less in percutaneous group. Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 21, No. 2, July 2018 p.120-126

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Clinical and diagnosis approach in pericardial effusions

Practica Veterinara ro ◽

10.26416/pv.28.3.2017.1028 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (28) ◽

Author(s):

Călin Șerdean ◽

Mario Codreanu

Keyword(s):

Pericardial Effusions ◽

Diagnosis Approach

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A Manual Diagnosis Approach Using Targeted Fault Injection and Fault Simulation to Extend ATPG Diagnostic Resolution in Localizing Faults

ISTFA 2019: Conference Proceedings from the 45th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis ◽

10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2019p0419 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Rommel Estores ◽

Karo Vander Gucht

Keyword(s):

Fault Injection ◽

Fault Simulation ◽

Fault Localization ◽

Pattern Generation ◽

Test Coverage ◽

Actual Case ◽

Electrical Failure ◽

Starting Point ◽

Diagnostic Resolution ◽

Diagnosis Approach

Abstract This paper discusses a creative manual diagnosis approach, a complementary technique that provides the possibility to extend Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG) beyond its own limits. The authors will discuss this approach in detail using an actual case – a test coverage issue where user-generated ATPG patterns and the resulting ATPG diagnosis isolated the fault to a small part of the digital core. However, traditional fault localization techniques was unable to isolate the fault further. Using the defect candidates from ATPG diagnosis as a starting point, manual diagnosis through fault Injection and fault simulation was performed. Further fault localization was performed using the ‘not detected’ (ND) and/or ‘detected’ (DT) fault classes for each of the available patterns. The result has successfully deduced the defect candidates until the exact faulty net causing the electrical failure was identified. The ability of the FA lab to maximize the use of ATPG in combination with other tools/techniques to investigate failures in detail; is crucial in the fast root cause determination and, in case of a test coverage, aid in having effective test screen method implemented.

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Decision letter for "Experimental investigation of an o pen‐switch fault diagnosis approach in the IGBT ‐based power converter connected to permanent magnet synchronous generator‐DC system"

10.1002/2050-7038.12436/v1/decision1 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Experimental Investigation ◽

Fault Diagnosis ◽

Permanent Magnet ◽

Synchronous Generator ◽

Power Converter ◽

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator ◽

Diagnosis Approach

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Breast Ultrasound Computer-Aided Diagnosis Approach to Improving Specificity and Decreasing Observer Variability

10.21236/ada366912 ◽

1999 ◽

Author(s):

Joseph Lo

Keyword(s):

Computer Aided Diagnosis ◽

Breast Ultrasound ◽

Observer Variability ◽

Computer Aided ◽

Aided Diagnosis ◽

Diagnosis Approach

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An Analog Circuit Fault Diagnosis Approach Based on Wavelet-based fractal analysis and Multiple Kernel SVM

Recent Advances in Computer Science and Communications ◽

10.2174/2666255813666201207154641 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Author(s):

Jianfeng Jiang

Keyword(s):

Fault Diagnosis ◽

Fractal Analysis ◽

Analog Circuit ◽

Training Data ◽

Support Vector ◽

Pass Filter ◽

Multiple Kernel ◽

Testing Data ◽

Circuit Fault Diagnosis ◽

Diagnosis Approach

Objective: In order to diagnose the analog circuit fault correctly, an analog circuit fault diagnosis approach on basis of wavelet-based fractal analysis and multiple kernel support vector machine (MKSVM) is presented in the paper. Methods: Time responses of the circuit under different faults are measured, and then wavelet-based fractal analysis is used to process the collected time responses for the purpose of generating features for the signals. Kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) is applied to reduce the features’ dimensionality. Afterwards, features are divided into training data and testing data. MKSVM with its multiple parameters optimized by chaos particle swarm optimization (CPSO) algorithm is utilized to construct an analog circuit fault diagnosis model based on the testing data. Results: The proposed analog diagnosis approach is revealed by a four opamp biquad high-pass filter fault diagnosis simulation. Conclusion: The approach outperforms other commonly used methods in the comparisons.

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